scholarly journals Context-specific control over the neural dynamics of temporal attention by the human cerebellum

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (49) ◽  
pp. eabb1141
Author(s):  
Assaf Breska ◽  
Richard B. Ivry
Keyword(s):  
Phase Locking ◽  
Neural Dynamics ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Temporal Prediction ◽  
Delta Band ◽  
Interval Representation ◽  
Human Cerebellum ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Specific Control ◽  
Band Activity

Physiological methods have identified a number of signatures of temporal prediction, a core component of attention. While the underlying neural dynamics have been linked to activity within cortico-striatal networks, recent work has shown that the behavioral benefits of temporal prediction rely on the cerebellum. Here, we examine the involvement of the human cerebellum in the generation and/or temporal adjustment of anticipatory neural dynamics, measuring scalp electroencephalography in individuals with cerebellar degeneration. When the temporal prediction relied on an interval representation, duration-dependent adjustments were impaired in the cerebellar group compared to matched controls. This impairment was evident in ramping activity, beta-band power, and phase locking of delta-band activity. These same neural adjustments were preserved when the prediction relied on a rhythmic stream. Thus, the cerebellum has a context-specific causal role in the adjustment of anticipatory neural dynamics of temporal prediction, providing the requisite modulation to optimize behavior.

scholarly journals Context-specific control of the neural dynamics of temporal attention by the human cerebellum

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Assaf Breska ◽  
Richard B. Ivry
Keyword(s):  
Phase Locking ◽  
Neural Dynamics ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Temporal Prediction ◽  
Delta Band ◽  
Interval Representation ◽  
Human Cerebellum ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Specific Control ◽  
Band Activity

SummaryPhysiological methods have identified a number of signatures of temporal prediction, a core component of attention. While the underlying neural dynamics have been linked to activity within cortico-striatal networks, recent work has shown that the behavioral benefits of temporal prediction causally rely on the cerebellum. Here we examine the involvement of the human cerebellum in the generation and/or temporal adjustment of anticipatory neural dynamics, measuring scalp electroencephalography in individuals with cerebellar degeneration. When the temporal prediction relied on an interval representation, duration-dependent adjustments were impaired in the cerebellar group compared to matched controls. This impairment was evident in ramping activity, beta-band power, and phase locking of delta-band activity. Remarkably, these same neural adjustments were preserved when the prediction relied on a rhythmic stream. Thus, the cerebellum has a context-specific causal role in the adjustment of anticipatory neural dynamics of temporal prediction, providing the requisite modulation to optimize behavior.

scholarly journals Delta band activity contributes to the identification of command following in disorder of consciousness

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Rivera-Lillo ◽  
Emmanuel A. Stamatakis ◽  
Tristan A. Bekinschtein ◽  
David K. Menon ◽  
Srivas Chennu
Keyword(s):  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Disorder Of Consciousness ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Electrical Brain Activity ◽  
Delta Band ◽  
Delta Modulation ◽  
Command Following ◽  
Band Activity

AbstractThe overt or covert ability to follow commands in patients with disorders of consciousness is considered a sign of awareness and has recently been defined as cortically mediated behaviour. Despite its clinical relevance, the brain signatures of the perceptual processing supporting command following have been elusive. This multimodal study investigates the temporal spectral pattern of electrical brain activity to identify features that differentiated healthy controls from patients both able and unable to follow commands. We combined evidence from behavioural assessment, functional neuroimaging during mental imagery and high-density electroencephalography collected during auditory prediction, from 21 patients and 10 controls. We used a penalised regression model to identify command following using features from electroencephalography. We identified seven well-defined spatiotemporal signatures in the delta, theta and alpha bands that together contribute to identify DoC subjects with and without the ability to follow command, and further distinguished these groups of patients from controls. A fine-grained analysis of these seven signatures enabled us to determine that increased delta modulation at the frontal sensors was the main feature in command following patients. In contrast, higher frequency theta and alpha modulations differentiated controls from both groups of patients. Our findings highlight a key role of spatiotemporally specific delta modulation in supporting cortically mediated behaviour including the ability to follow command. However, patients able to follow commands nevertheless have marked differences in brain activity in comparison with healthy volunteers.

Neurofeedback Training Protocol Based on Selecting Distinctive Features to Treat or Reduce ADHD Symptoms

2021 ◽  
pp. 155005942110334
Author(s):  
Parham Jalali ◽  
Nasrin Sho’ouri
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Eeg Signals ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Distinguishing Features ◽  
Band Activity ◽  
Training Protocol

Resent research has shown that electroencephalography (EEG) theta/beta ratio (TBR) in cases with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has thus far been reported lower than that in healthy individuals. Accordingly, utilizing EEG-TBR as a biomarker to diagnose ADHD has been called into question. Besides, employing known protocol to reduce EEG-TBR in the vertex (Cz) channel to treat ADHD via neurofeedback (NFB) has been doubted. The present study was to propose a new NFB treatment protocol to manage ADHD using EEG signals from 30 healthy controls and 30 children with ADHD through an attention-based task and to calculate relative power in their different frequency bands. Then, the most significant distinguishing features of EEG signals from both groups were determined via a genetic algorithm (GA). The results revealed that EEG-TBR values in children with ADHD were lower compared with those in healthy peers; however, such a difference was not statistically significant. Likewise, inhibiting alpha band activity and enhancing delta one in F7 or T5 channels was proposed as a new NFB treatment protocol for ADHD. No significant increase in EEG-TBR in the Cz channel among children with ADHD casts doubt on the effectiveness of using EEG-TBR inhibitory protocols in the Cz channel. Consequently, it was proposed to apply the new protocol along with reinforced beta-band activity to treat or reduce ADHD symptoms.

scholarly journals Effects of stimulus and task structure on temporal perceptual learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rannie Xu ◽  
Russell M. Church ◽  
Yuka Sasaki ◽  
Takeo Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Discrimination ◽  
Discrimination Performance ◽  
Task Structure ◽  
Comparison Task ◽  
Interval Representation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Temporal Intervals ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Temporal Learning ◽  
And Task

AbstractOur ability to discriminate temporal intervals can be improved with practice. This learning is generally thought to reflect an enhancement in the representation of a trained interval, which leads to interval-specific improvements in temporal discrimination. In the present study, we asked whether temporal learning is further constrained by context-specific factors dictated through the trained stimulus and task structure. Two groups of participants were trained using a single-interval auditory discrimination task over 5 days. Training intervals were either one of eight predetermined values (FI group), or random from trial to trial (RI group). Before and after the training period, we measured discrimination performance using an untrained two-interval temporal comparison task. Our results revealed a selective improvement in the FI group, but not the RI group. However, this learning did not generalize between the trained and untrained tasks. These results highlight the sensitivity of TPL to stimulus and task structure, suggesting that mechanisms of temporal learning rely on processes beyond changes in interval representation.

scholarly journals No changes in parieto-occipital alpha during neural phase locking to visual quasi-periodic theta-, alpha-, and beta-band stimulation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Keitel ◽  
Christopher SY Benwell ◽  
Gregor Thut ◽  
Joachim Gross
Keyword(s):  
Alpha Rhythm ◽  
Visual Stimulation ◽  
Phase Locking ◽  
Stimulation Frequency ◽  
Alpha Band ◽  
Human Visual Perception ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Frequency Bands ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Increased Sensitivity

ABSTRACTRecent studies have probed the role of the parieto-occipital alpha rhythm (8 – 12 Hz) in human visual perception through attempts to drive its neural generators. To that end, paradigms have used high-intensity strictly-periodic visual stimulation that created strong predictions about future stimulus occurrences and repeatedly demonstrated perceptual consequences in line with an entrainment of parieto-occipital alpha. Our study, in turn, examined the case of alpha entrainment by non-predictive low-intensity quasi-periodic visual stimulation within theta-(4 – 7 Hz), alpha-(8 – 13 Hz) and beta (14 – 20 Hz) frequency bands, i.e. a class of stimuli that resemble the temporal characteristics of naturally occurring visual input more closely. We have previously reported substantial neural phase-locking in EEG recording during all three stimulation conditions. Here, we studied to what extent this phase-locking reflected an entrainment of intrinsic alpha rhythms in the same dataset. Specifically, we tested whether quasi-periodic visual stimulation affected several properties of parieto-occipital alpha generators. Speaking against an entrainment of intrinsic alpha rhythms by non-predictive low-intensity quasi-periodic visual stimulation, we found none of these properties to show differences between stimulation frequency bands. In particular, alpha band generators did not show increased sensitivity to alpha band stimulation and Bayesian inference corroborated evidence against an influence of stimulation frequency. Our results set boundary conditions for when and how to expect effects of entrainment of alpha generators and suggest that the parieto-occipital alpha rhythm may be more inert to external influences than previously thought.

scholarly journals Stimulus sequence context differentially modulates inhibition-related theta and delta band activity in a go/no-go task

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 712-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Harper ◽  
Stephen M. Malone ◽  
Matthew D. Bachman ◽  
Edward M. Bernat
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Sequence ◽  
Sequence Context ◽  
Delta Band ◽  
Band Activity

scholarly journals Closing the loop on impulsivity via nucleus accumbens delta-band activity in mice and man

2017 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 192-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hemmings Wu ◽  
Kai J. Miller ◽  
Zack Blumenfeld ◽  
Nolan R. Williams ◽  
Vinod K. Ravikumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Consummatory Behavior ◽  
Field Potentials ◽  
Palatable Food ◽  
Neural Signals ◽  
Reward Anticipation ◽  
Delta Band ◽  
Closing The Loop ◽  
Band Activity

Reward hypersensitization is a common feature of neuropsychiatric disorders, manifesting as impulsivity for anticipated incentives. Temporally specific changes in activity within the nucleus accumbens (NAc), which occur during anticipatory periods preceding consummatory behavior, represent a critical opportunity for intervention. However, no available therapy is capable of automatically sensing and therapeutically responding to this vulnerable moment in time when anticipation-related neural signals may be present. To identify translatable biomarkers for an off-the-shelf responsive neurostimulation system, we record local field potentials from the NAc of mice and a human anticipating conventional rewards. We find increased power in 1- to 4-Hz oscillations predominate during reward anticipation, which can effectively trigger neurostimulation that reduces consummatory behavior in mice sensitized to highly palatable food. Similar oscillations are present in human NAc during reward anticipation, highlighting the translational potential of our findings in the development of a treatment for a major unmet need.

scholarly journals Beta-band activity in medial prefrontal cortex predicts source memory encoding and retrieval accuracy

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karuna Subramaniam ◽  
Leighton B. N. Hinkley ◽  
Danielle Mizuiri ◽  
Hardik Kothare ◽  
Chang Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Medial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Source Memory ◽  
Memory Encoding ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Retrieval Accuracy ◽  
Band Activity ◽  
Encoding And Retrieval

scholarly journals Beta-Band Activity during Motor Planning Reflects Response Uncertainty

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (34) ◽  
pp. 11270-11277 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Tzagarakis ◽  
N. F. Ince ◽  
A. C. Leuthold ◽  
G. Pellizzer
Keyword(s):  
Motor Planning ◽  
Response Uncertainty ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Band Activity
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