scholarly journals A psychological intervention strengthens students’ peer social networks and promotes persistence in STEM

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (45) ◽  
pp. eaba9221
Author(s):  
Kate M. Turetsky ◽  
Valerie Purdie-Greenaway ◽  
Jonathan E. Cook ◽  
James P. Curley ◽  
Geoffrey L. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Psychological Intervention ◽  
Social Effects ◽  
Friendship Network ◽  
Values Affirmation ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
Peer Social Networks ◽  
Stem Persistence

Retaining students in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) fields is critical as demand for STEM graduates increases. Whereas many approaches to improve persistence target individuals’ internal beliefs, skills, and traits, the intervention in this experiment strengthened students’ peer social networks to help them persevere. Students in a gateway biology course were randomly assigned to complete a control or values affirmation exercise, a psychological intervention hypothesized to have positive social effects. By the end of the term, affirmed students had an estimated 29% more friends in the course on average than controls. Affirmation also prompted structural changes in students’ network positions such that affirmed students were more central in the overall course friendship network. These differing social trajectories predicted STEM persistence: Affirmed students were 11.7 percentage points more likely than controls to take the next course in the bioscience sequence, an effect that was statistically mediated by students’ end-of-semester friendships.

Identifying and Evaluating Anomalous Structural Change-based Nodes in Generalized Dynamic Social Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Huan Wang ◽  
Chunming Qiao ◽  
Xuan Guo ◽  
Lei Fang ◽  
Ying Sha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Structural Change ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Dynamic Social Network ◽  
Dynamic Social Networks ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Anomaly Analysis ◽  
Similarity Method

Recently, dynamic social network research has attracted a great amount of attention, especially in the area of anomaly analysis that analyzes the anomalous change in the evolution of dynamic social networks. However, most of the current research focused on anomaly analysis of the macro representation of dynamic social networks and failed to analyze the nodes that have anomalous structural changes at a micro level. To identify and evaluate anomalous structural change-based nodes in generalized dynamic social networks that only have limited structural information, this research considers undirected and unweighted graphs and develops a multiple-neighbor superposition similarity method ( ), which mainly consists of a multiple-neighbor range algorithm ( ) and a superposition similarity fluctuation algorithm ( ). introduces observation nodes, characterizes the structural similarities of nodes within multiple-neighbor ranges, and proposes a new multiple-neighbor similarity index on the basis of extensional similarity indices. Subsequently, maximally reflects the structural change of each node, using a new superposition similarity fluctuation index from the perspective of diverse multiple-neighbor similarities. As a result, based on and , not only identifies anomalous structural change-based nodes by detecting the anomalous structural changes of nodes but also evaluates their anomalous degrees by quantifying these changes. Results obtained by comparing with state-of-the-art methods via extensive experiments show that can accurately identify anomalous structural change-based nodes and evaluate their anomalous degrees well.

scholarly journals Structure of peer-to-peer social networks

2006 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Wang ◽  
Yamir Moreno ◽  
Yaoru Sun
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Peer To Peer ◽  
Peer Social Networks

scholarly journals A Values Affirmation Intervention to Improve Female Residents' Surgical Performance

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 378-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arghavan Salles ◽  
Claudia M. Mueller ◽  
Geoffrey L. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Stereotype Threat ◽  
Surgical Training ◽  
Psychological Intervention ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Surgical Performance ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
Clinical Evaluations ◽  
Values Affirmation ◽  
Condition B

ABSTRACT  Female residents in surgical training may face stereotype threat. The awareness of negative stereotypes about surgical ability based on gender may heighten stress and thus reduce performance.Background  The main objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a brief stress-reducing writing exercise, known as a values affirmation, to mitigate the negative effects of stereotype threat on the performance of female surgical residents.Objective  This is a randomized, controlled trial in which 167 residents were invited to participate. A total of 45 resident volunteers, including 18 women, were randomized to the affirmation condition or the no-affirmation condition. We administered a values affirmation intervention and measured clinical evaluations data both prior to and 6 months after the intervention.Methods  Women benefited from the affirmation. Women who had participated in the affirmation exercise earned higher clinical evaluation scores than those in the control condition (B = 0.34, P < .05). For men, performance did not differ by affirmation condition (B = –0.20, P = .35).Results  Our findings suggest a benefit of values affirmation for women in surgical training, as measured by performance on clinical evaluations. This suggests that a brief psychological intervention may improve on-the-job performance for women in surgery, an underrepresented group.Conclusions

scholarly journals Possibilities of Psychological Intervention on Social Networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Madro
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Psychological Intervention ◽  
Personal Contact ◽  
Online Groups ◽  
Field Worker ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Online Disinhibition ◽  
Self Help Groups

AbstractIntroduction: Nowadays we are looking for help and answers to our questions more and more often on the Internet. People use social networks to search for communities or groups whose members experience similar difficulties. These are often online groups that focus on psychological problems, domestic violence, etc. Members receive instant feedback and at the same time, due to the online disinhibition effect, they do not feel the fear, shame or worries they would feel in personal contact (Griffiths, 2005). The content of such self-help groups is not always helpful, but may rather induce pathological behaviour. However, the group administrator can influence the atmosphere in the group and its content itself (Niwa & Mandrusiak, 2012).Purpose: The purpose of this research was to find a space to perform professional psychological interventions inside online self-help groups on social networks. The concept of a field worker was used in this research. The field worker offers helping services to clients in an environment natural to them and where the worker can provide the client with emergency help during the crisis and prevent other clients from offering risk advices (Ambrózová, Vitálošová, & Labáth, 2006).Methods: We have conducted qualitative research using the method of content-frequency analysis. The sample for this study consisted of 10 closed online self-help groups focusing on topics such as depression, anxiety disorder, domestic violence, self-injurious and suicidal thoughts and tendencies, etc. For the purpose of this research we created an online group moderated by professionals, focusing on similar topics of mental disorders.Conclusions: The research results indicated that group members exchanged useful information (35.43%), described their current difficulties they were experiencing (32.33%), shared their own experiences (10.53%), and also published information on what had helped them manage the difficult feelings and situations they had been experiencing (6.39%). However, we also identified risky statements and threatening recommendations in posts and comments. Based on the results, we outlined the possibilities of online field worker interventions and described techniques of interventions that the professional can use for the benefit of group members.

scholarly journals Environmental Politics in the Himalayas: A Retrospective Overview of People’s Resistance to Protect their Rights Over Natural Resources

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
Narayan Jena ◽  
Swagatika Parida
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Environmental Politics ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Social Effects ◽  
Local People ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Colonial Time ◽  
The Social ◽  
Primary Materials

This paper attempts to examine the fundamental reasons behind the constant battle of the local people of Uttarakhand over the Himalayan resources since the colonial time. It analyses both the social effects of the deliberate shifting of ownership of natural resources from the local people to government agencies and the ecological impact of dramatic conversion of natural forest into protected areas or reserve forests. Secondly, it questions the validity of such structural changes made by the governments to limit or restrict the local people’s access to the resources of the region. Here, the primary materials for this paper have been derived from the responses of the local people on the government’s shifting and developmental paradigm to substantiate the argument.

scholarly journals Overchoosing: A Mechanism of Tie-Formation in Social Networks

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tasuku Igarashi ◽  
Johank Koskinen
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Formation Process ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Network Data ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Friendship Network ◽  
Fundamental Mechanism

We introduce the concept of overchoosing as a fundamental mechanism of tie formation in directed social networks. The parameter represents a tendency for actors to send a lot of ties but receive few nominations back, something which implies the importance of modeling reciprocity violation as a basic tie-formation process. Analyzing large friendship network data (N = 1,575) by the stochastic actor-oriented models revealed that, under controlling for several endogenous tie formation processes, the parameter captured the formation of open triads and substantially improved the goodness of fit of the model to the data.

Peer Social Networks and Adolescent Career Development

2018 ◽  
pp. 107-131
Author(s):  
Charles E. Bidwell ◽  
Stephen Plank ◽  
Chandra Muller
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Career Development ◽  
Peer Social Networks

Gender and Industrial Creativity in Poland

2015 ◽  
pp. 230-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafał Wisła
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Technology Innovation ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Creative Industry ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
Patent Statistics ◽  
First Time ◽  
Gender Aspect

The chapter deals with the problem of seeking possibilities to utilise patent databases in the research on dynamics and development directions in science, technology, innovation activity as well as on structural changes in economy, taking into account gender aspect. The key research objectives include: drawing a statistical picture of creative industry activity in Poland in the years 1995 - 2013, taking into account gender aspect; assessing the convergence as regards the patents obtained by men and women; identifying technological areas where women are present. The chapter, for the first time, presents a statistical picture of industrial creativity of men and women in Poland in the period of economic transformation, based on patent statistics.

Peer-to-Peer Social Networks

2015 ◽  
pp. 6746-6753
Author(s):  
Enrico Franchi ◽  
Agostino Poggi ◽  
Michele Tomaiuolo
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Peer To Peer ◽  
Peer Social Networks

Motif Analysis and the Periodic Structural Changes in an Organizational Email-Based Social Network

2011 ◽  
pp. 292-302
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Juszczyszyn ◽  
Katarzyna Musial
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Network Topology ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Local Network ◽  
Network Motifs ◽  
Motif Analysis ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
E Mail

Network motifs are small subgraphs that reflect local network topology and were shown to be useful for creating profiles that reveal several properties of the network. In this work the motif analysis of the e-mail network of the Wroclaw University of Technology, consisting of over 4000 nodes was conducted. Temporal changes in the network structure during the period of 20 months were analysed and the correlations between global structural parameters of the network and motif distribution were found. These results are to be used in the development of methods dedicated for fast estimating of the properties of complex internet-based social networks.

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