scholarly journals Attoliter protein nanogels from droplet nanofluidics for intracellular delivery

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. eaay7952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zenon Toprakcioglu ◽  
Pavan Kumar Challa ◽  
David B. Morse ◽  
Tuomas Knowles
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cellular Uptake ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Cell Encapsulation ◽  
Intracellular Delivery ◽  
Natural Protein ◽  
Scale Size ◽  
Oil Emulsions ◽  
Micrometer Scale ◽  
Potential Use

Microscale hydrogels consisting of macromolecular networks in aqueous continuous phases have received increasing attention because of their potential use in tissue engineering, cell encapsulation and for the storage and release of cargo molecules. However, for applications targeting intracellular delivery, their micrometer-scale size is unsuitable for effective cellular uptake. Nanoscale analogs of such materials are thus required for this key area. Here, we describe a microfluidics/nanofluidics-based strategy for generating monodisperse nanosized water-in-oil emulsions with controllable sizes ranging from 2500 ± 110 nm down to 51 ± 6 nm. We demonstrate that these nanoemulsions can act as templates to form protein nanogels stabilized by supramolecular fibrils from three different proteins. We further show that these nanoparticles have the ability to penetrate mammalian cell membranes and deliver intracellular cargo. Due to their biocompatibility and lack of toxicity, natural protein-based nanoparticles present advantageous characteristics as vehicles for cargo molecules in the context of pharmaceutical and biomedical applications.

scholarly journals Microfluidic-assisted synthesis and modelling of monodispersed magnetic nanocomposites for biomedical applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1397-1407
Author(s):  
Omid Sartipzadeh ◽  
Seyed Morteza Naghib ◽  
Farhad Shokati ◽  
Mehdi Rahmanian ◽  
Keivan Majidzadeh-A ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Lab On A Chip ◽  
Cell Encapsulation ◽  
Cell Isolation ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Experimental Procedure ◽  
Velocity Flow

Abstract Droplet microfluidic was devoted to design and fabricate robust devices in the field of biosensing, tissue engineering, drug delivery, cell encapsulation, cell isolation, and lab-on-a-chip. Chitosan was widely used for different biomedical applications because of its unique characteristics such as antibacterial bioactivities, immune-enhancing influences, and anticancer bioactivities. In this research, a model is used for investigating the formation and size of composite droplets in a microfluidic device. The role of the velocity flow ratio in the composite droplet characteristics such as the generation rate and composite droplet size is described. According to the results, a desirable protocol is developed to control the properties of the composite droplets and to compare the size and rate of the composite droplets in a micro device. Furthermore, the level set laminar two-phase flow approach is exploited for studying the composite droplet-breaking procedure. An experimental procedure is used for validation of the simulation process. Various sizes and geometries of the composite droplets are fabricated to depict a potential in biomedical applications such as bioimaging, biosensing, tissue engineering, drug delivery, cell encapsulation, cancer cell isolation, and lab-on-a-chip.

scholarly journals Chitosan and Its Potential Use as a Scaffold for Tissue Engineering in Regenerative Medicine

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Rodríguez-Vázquez ◽  
Brenda Vega-Ruiz ◽  
Rodrigo Ramos-Zúñiga ◽  
Daniel Alexander Saldaña-Koppel ◽  
Luis Fernando Quiñones-Olvera
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Tissue Engineering Scaffolds ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Functional Biomaterials ◽  
Potential Use

Tissue engineering is an important therapeutic strategy to be used in regenerative medicine in the present and in the future. Functional biomaterials research is focused on the development and improvement of scaffolding, which can be used to repair or regenerate an organ or tissue. Scaffolds are one of the crucial factors for tissue engineering. Scaffolds consisting of natural polymers have recently been developed more quickly and have gained more popularity. These include chitosan, a copolymer derived from the alkaline deacetylation of chitin. Expectations for use of these scaffolds are increasing as the knowledge regarding their chemical and biological properties expands, and new biomedical applications are investigated. Due to their different biological properties such as being biocompatible, biodegradable, and bioactive, they have given the pattern for use in tissue engineering for repair and/or regeneration of different tissues including skin, bone, cartilage, nerves, liver, and muscle. In this review, we focus on the intrinsic properties offered by chitosan and its use in tissue engineering, considering it as a promising alternative for regenerative medicine as a bioactive polymer.

Recent Advances in Microfluidically Spun Microfibers for Tissue Engineering and Drug Delivery Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Scott Magnani ◽  
Reza Montazami ◽  
Nicole N. Hashemi
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Cell Encapsulation ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Cell Seeding ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Future Work

In recent years, the unique and tunable properties of microfluidically spun microfibers have led to tremendous advancements for the field of biomedical engineering, which have been applied to areas such as tissue engineering, wound dressing, and drug delivery, as well as cell encapsulation and cell seeding. In this article, we analyze the most recent advances in microfluidics and microfluidically spun microfibers, with an emphasis on biomedical applications. We explore in detail these new and innovative experiments, how microfibers are made, the experimental purpose of making microfibers, and the future work that can be done as a result of these new types of microfibers. We also focus on the applications of various materials used to fabricate microfibers, as well as their many promises and limitations. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry, Volume 14 is June 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

Elucidating the Dependence of Size and Concentration of Gold Nanoparticles in Cellular Uptake

2013 ◽  
Vol 756 ◽  
pp. 205-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Shafawati Rosli ◽  
Azhar Abdul Rahman ◽  
Azlan Abdul Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Cellular Uptake ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Cell Periphery ◽  
Cell Level ◽  
Nanoscale Particles ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Potential Use

Nanoscale particles of gold nowadays dominate a great deal of attention for biomedical applications. Better knowledge of the nano-bio interface will lead to advanced biomedical tools for diagnostic imaging and therapeutics. In this review, recent progress in the elucidating of how size and concentration of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) affect cellular uptake will be discussed. Due to its small size, AuNPs can be administered conveniently via intravenous injection. The ability to enter cells is one of the factors that determine the clinical utility of nanoparti¬cles (NPs). The size of AuNPs is one of the limitations in the potential use of gold markers for medical imaging or tracking of harder tumors. Within the size range of 10-100 nm, AuNPs of diameter 50 nm demonstrate the highest uptake. Efficient accumulation of AuNPs into cells also can be achieved at higher concentration. The fewer AuNPs are in the solution, the lesser chance for a receptor to receive gold nanoparticle; “mem¬brane wrapping” time is longer, resulting to lower uptake by the cell. Theoretical models support the size- and concentration-dependent NP-uptake. Endocytosis is one of the major pathways for cellular uptake of NPs. NPs are internalized by cells through endocytosis process and trapped in endosomes, which is then fuse with lysosomes for processing before being transported to the cell periphery for excretion. Exocytosis of NPs is also dependent on the size and concentration of the NPs, however, the trend is different compared to endocytosis process. These findings provide useful information in the design and optimization of the NP-uptake at a single cell level for effective applications in imaging, diagnosis, therapeutics, and targeting.

Probing Cellular Outcomes Using Heterobivalent Constructs

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohit Bhadoria ◽  
Kefeng Ping ◽  
Christer Lohk ◽  
Ivar Järving ◽  
Pavel Starkov
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Cellular Uptake ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Rho Kinase ◽  
Intracellular Delivery ◽  
Rho Kinase Inhibitors

<div> <div> <div> <p>Conjugation techniques are central to improving intracellular delivery of bioactive small molecules. However, tracking and assessing the overall biological outcome of these constructs remains poorly understood. We addressed this issue by having developed a focused library of heterobivalent constructs based on Rho kinase inhibitors to probe various scenarios. By comparing induction of a phenotype of interest vs. cell viability vs. cellular uptake, we demonstrate that such conjugates indeed lead to divergent cellular outcomes. </p> </div> </div> </div>

Graphene and Graphene-Based Materials in Biomedical Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (38) ◽  
pp. 6834-6850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Omaish Ansari ◽  
Kalamegam Gauthaman ◽  
Abdurahman Essa ◽  
Sidi A. Bencherif ◽  
Adnan Memic
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Gene Delivery ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Drug And Gene Delivery ◽  
Biomedical Fields

: Nanobiotechnology has huge potential in the field of regenerative medicine. One of the main drivers has been the development of novel nanomaterials. One developing class of materials is graphene and its derivatives recognized for their novel properties present on the nanoscale. In particular, graphene and graphene-based nanomaterials have been shown to have excellent electrical, mechanical, optical and thermal properties. Due to these unique properties coupled with the ability to tune their biocompatibility, these nanomaterials have been propelled for various applications. Most recently, these two-dimensional nanomaterials have been widely recognized for their utility in biomedical research. In this review, a brief overview of the strategies to synthesize graphene and its derivatives are discussed. Next, the biocompatibility profile of these nanomaterials as a precursor to their biomedical application is reviewed. Finally, recent applications of graphene-based nanomaterials in various biomedical fields including tissue engineering, drug and gene delivery, biosensing and bioimaging as well as other biorelated studies are highlighted.

Biocompatiblibility analysis of the decellularized bovine pericardium

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sokol ◽  
◽  
D. Grekov ◽  
G. Yemets ◽  
O. Galkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Bovine Pericardium ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Group I ◽  
Alternative Material ◽  
Decellularized Scaffolds ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Potential Use

The decellularized bovine pericardium and its potential use as a natural scaffold is a promising approach in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The reaction of the host toward decellularized scaffolds depends on their biocompatibility, which should be satisfied being before applied in clinical use. Purpose: to evaluate the biocompatibility of the extracellular matrices, which were decellularized by trypsin enzyme and anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) detergent. Material and methods. Pericardial sacs were acquired from 12-18 months’ age bulls. Tissue decellularization was performed by using 0.25 % Trypsin solution and 1 % ionic SDS for group I and 0.1 % SDS for group II samples. The implantation was performed on Wistar rats. The tissue samples were stained with hematoxylin & eosin, Congo red and Masson's Trichrome for histological analysis. Results. In group 1 in 3 months after subcutaneous implantation in rats we noticed the inflammation in surrounding tissue and degradation of the implant. Under the same conditions in animals of group 2 implant replacement with growing immature connective tissue was noted. Bio-implant of this group did not degrade, moreover it's integrated to the tissues of experimental rats. Conclusion. Our results showed that decellularized bovine pericardium by 0.1 % SDS can become an alternative material for tissue engineering and has the potential for further use in human surgery.

scholarly journals The effects of cononsolvents on the synthesis of responsive particles via polymerisation-induced thermal self-assembly

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marissa Morales-Moctezuma ◽  
Sebastian G Spain
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Biomedical Applications

Nanogels have emerged as innovative platforms for numerous biomedical applications including gene and drug delivery, biosensors, imaging, and tissue engineering. Polymerisation-induced thermal self-assembly (PITSA) has been shown to be suitable...

scholarly journals GAKTpore: Stereological Characterisation Methods for Porous Foams in Biomedical Applications

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1269
Author(s):  
Gareth Sheppard ◽  
Karl Tassenberg ◽  
Bogdan Nenchev ◽  
Joel Strickland ◽  
Ramy Mesalam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Collagen Scaffold ◽  
Porous Structures ◽  
Tissue Engineering Scaffolds ◽  
Biological Responses ◽  
Sem Micrograph ◽  
Cell Adhesion And Proliferation ◽  
Characterisation Methods

In tissue engineering, scaffolds are a key component that possess a highly elaborate pore structure. Careful characterisation of such porous structures enables the prediction of a variety of large-scale biological responses. In this work, a rapid, efficient, and accurate methodology for 2D bulk porous structure analysis is proposed. The algorithm, “GAKTpore”, creates a morphology map allowing quantification and visualisation of spatial feature variation. The software achieves 99.6% and 99.1% mean accuracy for pore diameter and shape factor identification, respectively. There are two main algorithm novelties within this work: (1) feature-dependant homogeneity map; (2) a new waviness function providing insights into the convexity/concavity of pores, important for understanding the influence on cell adhesion and proliferation. The algorithm is applied to foam structures, providing a full characterisation of a 10 mm diameter SEM micrograph (14,784 × 14,915 px) with 190,249 pores in ~9 min and has elucidated new insights into collagen scaffold formation by relating microstructural formation to the bulk formation environment. This novel porosity characterisation algorithm demonstrates its versatility, where accuracy, repeatability, and time are paramount. Thus, GAKTpore offers enormous potential to optimise and enhance scaffolds within tissue engineering.

scholarly journals Oxygen Permeability of Silk Fibroin Hydrogels and Their Use as Materials for Contact Lenses: A Purposeful Analysis

Gels ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Traian V. Chirila
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Silk Fibroin ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Oxygen Permeability ◽  
Contact Lenses ◽  
The Past ◽  
Fibrous Protein ◽  
Silk Moth ◽  
Bombyx Mori Silk

Fibroin is a fibrous protein that can be conveniently isolated from the silk cocoons produced by the larvae of Bombyx mori silk moth. In its form as a hydrogel, Bombyx mori silk fibroin (BMSF) has been employed in a variety of biomedical applications. When used as substrates for biomaterial-cells constructs in tissue engineering, the oxygen transport characteristics of the BMSF membranes have proved so far to be adequate. However, over the past three decades the BMSF hydrogels have been proposed episodically as materials for the manufacture of contact lenses, an application that depends on substantially elevated oxygen permeability. This review will show that the literature published on the oxygen permeability of BMSF is both limited and controversial. Additionally, there is no evidence that contact lenses made from BMSF have ever reached commercialization. The existing literature is discussed critically, leading to the conclusion that BMSF hydrogels are unsuitable as materials for contact lenses, while also attempting to explain the scarcity of data regarding the oxygen permeability of BMSF. To the author’s knowledge, this review covers all publications related to the topic.

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