scholarly journals Cell type–differential modulation of prefrontal cortical GABAergic interneurons on low gamma rhythm and social interaction

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (30) ◽  
pp. eaay4073
Author(s):  
Ling Liu ◽  
Haifeng Xu ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Yuanyuan Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Functional Differentiation ◽  
Gabaergic Interneurons ◽  
Prefrontal Cortical ◽  
Gamma Frequency ◽  
Gamma Rhythm ◽  
High Gamma ◽  
Gamma Power ◽  
Frequency Stimulation ◽  
Gamma Rhythms

Prefrontal GABAergic interneurons (INs) are crucial for social behavior by maintaining excitation/inhibition balance. However, the underlying neuronal correlates and network computations are poorly understood. We identified distinct firing patterns of prefrontal parvalbumin (PV) INs and somatostatin (SST) INs upon social interaction. Moreover, social interaction closely correlated with elevated gamma rhythms particularly at low gamma band (20 to 50 Hz). Pharmacogenetic inhibition of PV INs, instead of SST INs, reduced low gamma power and impaired sociability. Optogenetic synchronization of either PV INs or SST INs at low gamma frequency improved sociability, whereas high gamma frequency or random frequency stimulation had no effect. These results reveal a functional differentiation among IN subtypes and suggest the importance of low gamma rhythms in social interaction behavior. Furthermore, our findings underscore previously unrecognized potential of SST INs as therapeutic targets for social impairments commonly observed in major neuropsychiatric disorders.

Cross-fostering in rodents causes region-specific alterations in entorhinal cortical gamma rhythms associated with NMDA receptor dysfunction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Hall ◽  
Karen Hawkins ◽  
Grace Laws ◽  
Thomas Akitt ◽  
Anna Simon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Foster Care ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Nmda Receptor ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gamma Rhythm ◽  
Gamma Rhythms ◽  
Cross Fostering

ABSTRACTThere has recently been a large increase in the number of children placed in foster care in the United States and Europe. While this is ‘the least worst scenario’ for those with a lack of appropriate biological care, it is recognised that these children are exposed to major stressors correlated with behavioural changes, particularly in the realm of social cognition into adulthood. Here we model foster care in rodents: rat pups are removed from their biological mother and placed with a non-genetically related dam. This prevented the entorhinal cortex from generating patterns of gamma rhythms required for normal parahippocampal function relevant to social interaction. These changes correlated with a reduction in NMDA receptor-mediated excitation, and changes in parvalbumin expression in interneurons. These data suggest that early life care delivered by a non-biological parent may disrupt social behaviour but, in contrast, generate neurobiological changes antagonistic to those currently associated with psychosis.Significance StatementCross fostering is an effective approach for delineating the effect of environment from genetic influences upon behavior. This involves removal of pups from one mother and transfer to another lactating dam. This manipulation is considered as a mild form of early life stress, producing neurobehavioral changes such as alterations in social interaction. We demonstrate that cross fostering produces changes in the ability of cortical microcircuits to generate oscillatory rhythms, in particular the gamma rhythm, in brain regions important for social cognition. This reduction in gamma rhythmogenesis is related to a reduction in synaptic drive provided by the NMDA receptor. One implication of this work is that the modulation of NMDA receptors offers a potential therapeutic strategy for disorders involving impaired sociability.

scholarly journals Untangling cortico-striatal connectivity and cross-frequency coupling in L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jovana Belic ◽  
Per Halje ◽  
Ulrike Richter ◽  
Per Petersson ◽  
Jeanette Hellgren Kotaleski
Keyword(s):  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Effective Connectivity ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Gamma Frequency ◽  
High Gamma ◽  
Freely Behaving ◽  
Beta Frequency ◽  
Cross Frequency Coupling

We simultaneously recorded local field potentials in the primary motor cortex and sensorimotor striatum in awake, freely behaving, 6-OHDA lesioned hemi-parkinsonian rats in order to study the features directly related to pathological states such as parkinsonian state and levodopa-induced dyskinesia. We analysed the spectral characteristics of the obtained signals and observed that during dyskinesia the most prominent feature was a relative power increase in the high gamma frequency range at around 80 Hz, while for the parkinsonian state it was in the beta frequency range. Here we show that during both pathological states effective connectivity in terms of Granger causality is bidirectional with an accent on the striatal influence on the cortex. In the case of dyskinesia, we also found a high increase in effective connectivity at 80 Hz. In order to further understand the 80- Hz phenomenon, we performed cross-frequency analysis and observed characteristic patterns in the case of dyskinesia but not in the case of the parkinsonian state or the control state. We noted a large decrease in the modulation of the amplitude at 80 Hz by the phase of low frequency oscillations (up to ~10 Hz) across both structures in the case of dyskinesia. This may suggest a lack of coupling between the low frequency activity of the recorded network and the group of neurons active at ~80 Hz.

scholarly journals Including measures of high gamma power can improve the decoding of natural speech from EEG

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shyanthony R. Synigal ◽  
Emily S. Teoh ◽  
Edmund C. Lalor
Keyword(s):  
Brain Imaging ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Speech Processing ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Natural Speech ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
High Gamma ◽  
Gamma Power ◽  
Speech Tracking

ABSTRACTThe human auditory system is adept at extracting information from speech in both single-speaker and multi-speaker situations. This involves neural processing at the rapid temporal scales seen in natural speech. Non-invasive brain imaging (electro-/magnetoencephalography [EEG/MEG]) signatures of such processing have shown that the phase of neural activity below 16 Hz tracks the dynamics of speech, whereas invasive brain imaging (electrocorticography [ECoG]) has shown that such rapid processing is even more strongly reflected in the power of neural activity at high frequencies (around 70-150 Hz; known as high gamma). The aim of this study was to determine if high gamma power in scalp recorded EEG carries useful stimulus-related information, despite its reputation for having a poor signal to noise ratio. Furthermore, we aimed to assess whether any such information might be complementary to that reflected in well-established low frequency EEG indices of speech processing. We used linear regression to investigate speech envelope and attention decoding in EEG at low frequencies, in high gamma power, and in both signals combined. While low frequency speech tracking was evident for almost all subjects as expected, high gamma power also showed robust speech tracking in a minority of subjects. This same pattern was true for attention decoding using a separate group of subjects who undertook a cocktail party attention experiment. For the subjects who showed speech tracking in high gamma power, the spatiotemporal characteristics of that high gamma tracking differed from that of low-frequency EEG. Furthermore, combining the two neural measures led to improved measures of speech tracking for several subjects. Overall, this indicates that high gamma power EEG can carry useful information regarding speech processing and attentional selection in some subjects and combining it with low frequency EEG can improve the mapping between natural speech and the resulting neural responses.

Phasic basal ganglia activity associated with high-gamma oscillation during sleep in a songbird

2012 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 424-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin Yanagihara ◽  
Neal A. Hessler
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Phase Locking ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Field Potential ◽  
Vocal Plasticity ◽  
Song System ◽  
Gamma Frequency ◽  
High Gamma ◽  
Area X

The basal ganglia is thought to be critical for motor control and learning in mammals. In specific basal ganglia regions, gamma frequency oscillations occur during various behavioral states, including sleeping periods. Given the critical role of sleep in regulating vocal plasticity of songbirds, we examined the presence of such oscillations in the basal ganglia. In the song system nucleus Area X, epochs of high-gamma frequency (80–160 Hz) oscillation of local field potential during sleep were associated with phasic increases of neural activity. While birds were awake, activity of the same neurons increased specifically when birds were singing. Furthermore, during sleep there was a clear tendency for phase locking of spikes to these oscillations. Such patterned activity in the sleeping songbird basal ganglia could play a role in off-line processing of song system motor networks.

scholarly journals Beta Rhythms (15–20 Hz) Generated by Nonreciprocal Communication in Hippocampus

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 2812-2823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Bibbig ◽  
Steven Middleton ◽  
Claudia Racca ◽  
Martin J. Gillies ◽  
Helen Garner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
Neuronal Firing ◽  
Principal Cell ◽  
Cell Recruitment ◽  
Basket Cells ◽  
Stratum Oriens ◽  
Area Ca1 ◽  
Gamma Rhythm ◽  
Gamma Rhythms

Generation of gamma rhythms in reciprocally connected areas of cortex produces synchronous neuronal firing, although little is known about the consequences of gamma rhythms when generated in nonreciprocally connected regions. This nonreciprocity exists in hippocampus, where gamma rhythms are generated in area CA3 in vitro and in vivo and nonreciprocally projected to area CA1 by the Schaffer collateral pathway. Here we demonstrate how this CA3 gamma rhythm generates two different patterns of local CA1 oscillation dependent on the degree of output from area CA1. 1) In conditions where activity projected to area CA1 produces only very low principal cell recruitment the local population rhythm mimics the gamma rhythm projected from CA3. This activity is generated predominantly by recruitment of CA1 basket cells in a manner dependent on phasic, feedforward excitation of this interneuron subclass. Interneurons in stratum oriens, not receiving CA3 feedforward input, fired at theta frequencies. 2) In the presence of serotonin CA1 principal cell recruitment was appreciably enhanced, resulting in dual activation of CA1 basket cells through both feedforward and feedback excitations. Feedback excitation to CA1 stratum oriens interneurons was also enhanced. The resulting change in interneuron network dynamics generated a beta-frequency CA1 rhythm (as a near-subharmonic of the gamma rhythm projected from CA3). These findings demonstrate that in nonreciprocally connected networks, the frequency of population rhythms in target areas serves to code for degree of principal cell recruitment by afferent input.

scholarly journals Gamma activity accelerates during prefrontal development

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian H. Bitzenhofer ◽  
Jastyn A. Pöpplau ◽  
Ileana L. Hanganu-Opatz
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Pyramidal Neurons ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Rhythmic Activity ◽  
Gamma Oscillations ◽  
Gamma Activity ◽  
Oscillatory Activity ◽  
Gamma Frequency ◽  
Gamma Rhythms ◽  
Fast Oscillations

AbstractGamma oscillations are a prominent activity pattern in the cerebral cortex. While gamma rhythms have been extensively studied in the adult prefrontal cortex in the context of cognitive (dys)functions, little is known about their development. We addressed this issue by using extracellular recordings and optogenetic stimulations in mice across postnatal development. We show that fast rhythmic activity in the prefrontal cortex becomes prominent during the second postnatal week. While initially at about 15 Hz, fast oscillatory activity progressively accelerates with age and stabilizes within gamma frequency range (30-80 Hz) during the fourth postnatal week. Activation of layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons drives fast oscillations throughout development, yet the acceleration of their frequency follows similar temporal dynamics as the maturation of fast-spiking interneurons. These findings uncover the development of prefrontal gamma activity and provide a framework to examine the origin of abnormal gamma activity in neurodevelopmental disorders.

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