scholarly journals 3D-printed automation for optimized PET radiochemistry

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. eaax4762
Author(s):  
Alejandro Amor-Coarasa ◽  
James M. Kelly ◽  
John W. Babich
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Synthesis Time ◽  
Reduce Radiation Exposure ◽  
Molar Activity ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Fit For Purpose ◽  
The Cost

Reproducible batch synthesis of radioligands for imaging by positron emission tomography (PET) in a manner that maximizes ligand yield, purity, and molar activity, and minimizes cost and exposure to radiation, remains a challenge, as new and synthetically complex radioligands become available. Commercially available automated synthesis units (ASUs) solve many of these challenges but are costly to install and cannot always accommodate diverse chemistries. Through a reiterative design process, we exploit the proliferation of three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies to translate optimized reaction conditions into ASUs composed of 3D-printed, electronic, and robotic parts. Our units are portable and robust and reduce radiation exposure, shorten synthesis time, and improve the yield of the final radiopharmaceutical for a fraction of the cost of a commercial ASU. These 3D-printed ASUs highlight the gains that can be made by designing a fit-for-purpose ASU to accommodate a synthesis over accommodating a synthesis to an unfit ASU.

scholarly journals Fluorine-18 Labeled Fluorofuranylnorprogesterone ([18F]FFNP) and Dihydrotestosterone ([18F]FDHT) Prepared by “Fluorination on Sep-Pak” Method

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (13) ◽  
pp. 2389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Falguni Basuli ◽  
Xiang Zhang ◽  
Burchelle Blackman ◽  
Margaret E. White ◽  
Elaine M. Jagoda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Androgen Receptors ◽  
Quantitative Measure ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Affinity Binding ◽  
Synthesis Time ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Molar Activity ◽  
Positron Emission

To further explore the scope of our recently developed “fluorination on Sep-Pak” method, we prepared two well-known positron emission tomography (PET) tracers 21-[18F]fluoro-16α,17α-[(R)-(1′-α-furylmethylidene)dioxy]-19-norpregn-4-ene-3,20-dione furanyl norprogesterone ([18F]FFNP) and 16β-[18F]fluoro-5α-dihydrotestosterone ([18F]FDHT). Following the “fluorination on Sep-Pak” method, over 70% elution efficiency was observed with 3 mg of triflate precursor of [18F]FFNP. The overall yield of [18F]FFNP was 64–72% (decay corrected) in 40 min synthesis time with a molar activity of 37–81 GBq/µmol (1000–2200 Ci/mmol). Slightly lower elution efficiency (~55%) was observed with the triflate precursor of [18F]FDHT. Fluorine-18 labeling, reduction, and deprotection to prepare [18F]FDHT were performed on Sep-Pak cartridges (PS-HCO3 and Sep-Pak plus C-18). The overall yield of [18F]FDHT was 25–32% (decay corrected) in 70 min. The molar activity determined by using mass spectrometry was 63–148 GBq/µmol (1700–4000 Ci/mmol). Applying this quantitative measure of molar activity to in vitro assays [18F]FDHT exhibited high-affinity binding to androgen receptors (Kd~2.5 nM) providing biological validation of this method.

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) for Flow Measurement

2011 ◽  
Vol 301-303 ◽  
pp. 1316-1321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur E. Ruggles ◽  
Bi Yao Zhang ◽  
Spero M. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Bulk Water ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Optical Methods ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Pet Tracer ◽  
Positron Emission

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) produces a three dimensional spatial distribution of positron-electron annihilations within an image volume. Various positron emitters are available for use in aqueous, organic and liquid metal flows. Preliminary experiments at the University of Tennessee at Knoxville (UTK) injected small flows of PET tracer into a bulk water flow in a four rod bundle. The trajectory and diffusion of the tracer in the bulk flow were then mapped using a PET scanner. A spatial resolution of 1.4 mm is achieved with current preclinical Micro-PET imaging equipment resulting in 200 MB 3D activity fields. A time resolved 3-D spatial activity profile was also measured. The PET imaging method is especially well suited to complex geometries where traditional optical methods such as LDV and PIV are difficult to apply. PET methods are uniquely useful for imaging in opaque fluids, opaque pressure boundaries, and multiphase studies. Several commercial and shareware Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) codes are currently used for science and engineering analysis and design. These codes produce detailed three dimensional flow predictions. The models produced by these codes are often difficult to validate. The development of this experimental technique offers a modality for the comparison of CFD outcomes with experimental data. Developed data sets from PET can be used in verification and validation exercises of simulation outcomes.

Automatic Brain Cancer Segmentation on PET Image

2020 ◽  
pp. 2150008
Author(s):  
Ching-Lin Wang ◽  
Chi-Shiang Chan ◽  
Wei-Jyun Wang ◽  
Yung-Kuan Chan ◽  
Meng-Hsiun Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Segmentation Method ◽  
Brain Images ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Image Set

When treating a brain tumor, a doctor needs to know the site and the size of the tumor. Positron emission tomography (PET) can be effectively applied to diagnose such cancers based on the heightened glucose metabolism of early-stage cancer cells. The purpose of this research is to extract the regions of skull, brain tumor, and brain tissue from a series of PET brain images and then a three-dimensional (3D) model is reconstructed from the extracted skulls, brain tumors, and brain tissues. Knowing the relative site and size of a tumor within the skull is helpful to a doctor. The contours obtained by the segmentation method proposed in this study are quantitatively compared with the contours drawn by doctors on the same image set since the ground truth is unknown. The experimental results are impressive.

Positron Emission Tomography: Clinical Applications and Pharmaceutical Care

1994 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 124-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Hammes ◽  
John W. Babich
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Nuclear Medicine Imaging ◽  
Receptor Ligands ◽  
Positron Emission

Positron emission tomography {PET) is a nuclear medicine imaging technique which exploits the unique physical characteristics of radionuclides that decay by positron emission. These characteristics allow for in vivo quantitative measurement of three-dimensional distributions of radioactivity with a spatial resolution of 5 mm using current detector technology. In addition to these physical advantages, PET is the only imaging technique that can use the short-lived positron emitting radionuclides of the so-called “organic” elements: carbon (C-11), nitrogen (N-13), and oxygen (0–15). These elements are the building blocks of physiological compounds and can be used to study most enzymes, receptors, and other metabolically important compounds and their associated reactions. PET allows for the study of a variety of physiological and biochemical processes through the application of particular radiopharmaceuticals. PET has also been used to study the interaction of receptor-specific ligands in several receptor systems including dopaminergic, adrenergic, serotinergic, and opiod. C-11 and F-18 labeled receptor ligands have been used to study receptor selectivity and receptor concentrations in vivo. Recently, PET has been used to measure the pharmacokinetics of several novel antibiotics in humans allowing the direct measurement of tissue concentrations and correlation with classical pharmacokinetic parameters. This review discusses some of the current applications of PET in more detail.

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