scholarly journals Do GRE scores help predict getting a physics Ph.D.? A comment on a paper by Miller et al.

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (23) ◽  
pp. eaax3787
Author(s):  
M. B. Weissman
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Correlation Matrix ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Graduate Program ◽  
Range Restriction ◽  
Bias Variance ◽  
Graduate Record Examinations

A recent paper in Science Advances by Miller et al. concludes that Graduate Record Examinations (GREs) do not help predict whether physics graduate students will get Ph.D.’s. Here, I argue that the presented analyses reflect collider-like stratification bias, variance inflation by collinearity and range restriction, omission of parts of a needed correlation matrix, a peculiar choice of null hypothesis on subsamples, blurring the distinction between failure to reject a null and accepting a null, and an unusual procedure that inflates the confidence intervals in a figure. Release of results of a model that leaves out stratification by the rank of the graduate program would fix many of the problems.

CONCEPTUAL KNOWLEDGE OF CONFIDENCE INTERVALS IN PSYCHOLOGY UNDERGRADUATE AND GRADUATE STUDENTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-62
Author(s):  
NOELLE M. CROOKS ◽  
ANNA N. BARTEL ◽  
MARTHA W. ALIBALI
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Conceptual Knowledge ◽  
Statistics Education ◽  
Psychology Students ◽  
Sample Mean ◽  
P Values ◽  
Research Journal ◽  
Graduate Psychology Students

In recent years, there have been calls for researchers to report and interpret confidence intervals (CIs) rather than relying solely on p-values. Such reforms, however, may be hindered by a general lack of understanding of CIs and how to interpret them. In this study, we assessed conceptual knowledge of CIs in undergraduate and graduate psychology students. CIs were difficult and prone to misconceptions for both groups. Connecting CIs to estimation and sample mean concepts was associated with greater conceptual knowledge of CIs. Connecting CIs to null hypothesis  significance testing, however, was not associated with conceptual knowledge of CIs. It may therefore be beneficial to focus on estimation and sample mean concepts in instruction about CIs. First published May 2019 at Statistics Education Research Journal Archives

Professional Stress among Junior Commissioned Officers and Non Commissioned Officers of Indian Military Intelligence – A Case Study

GIS Business ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 133-145
Author(s):  
Dr. S. S. Nirmala ◽  
Dr. N. Kogila ◽  
T. Porkodi
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Correlation Matrix ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Questionnaire Data ◽  
Military Intelligence ◽  
Sphericity Test ◽  
Professional Stress ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

The present study is focusing on the professional stress on organisation among the Junior Commissioned Officers (JCOs) and Non-Commissioned Officers (NCOs) of Indian Military Intelligence. 384 samples of Military Intelligence personnel will be taken for this study. Sources of data is Primary data include a structured questionnaire. Data was collected through structured questionnaire and measure through Likert’s scale, using KMO measure of sampling adequacy, Cronbach’s alpha for checking internal consistency, Bartlett sphericity test for testing the null hypothesis and various factor analysis including Eigenvalues, Extract square Sum loading, variance percent and Accumulation percent values relative comparison and Correlation matrix will be used as tools to arrive at desired results and statistical interpretations. The hypotheses put for test and the resultant values at 0.01 and 0.05 (for different factors) clearly indicated that there is an existence of association between different level of cadres and professional stress among personnel of Indian Military Intelligence. The authority who can formulate the rules and regulations and binding them on the lower cadres and professions to accept and adopt.

scholarly journals A Frequentist Alternative to Significance Testing, p-Values, and Confidence Intervals

Econometrics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Trafimow
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Significance Testing ◽  
Population Parameters ◽  
Null Hypothesis Significance Testing ◽  
P Values ◽  
Statistical Procedures ◽  
Major Section

There has been much debate about null hypothesis significance testing, p-values without null hypothesis significance testing, and confidence intervals. The first major section of the present article addresses some of the main reasons these procedures are problematic. The conclusion is that none of them are satisfactory. However, there is a new procedure, termed the a priori procedure (APP), that validly aids researchers in obtaining sample statistics that have acceptable probabilities of being close to their corresponding population parameters. The second major section provides a description and review of APP advances. Not only does the APP avoid the problems that plague other inferential statistical procedures, but it is easy to perform too. Although the APP can be performed in conjunction with other procedures, the present recommendation is that it be used alone.

Reading routines: strategies of recall in graduate education

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Alan Fine ◽  
Hannah Wohl ◽  
Simone Ispa-Landa
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Graduate Students ◽  
Doctoral Students ◽  
Graduate Program ◽  
Graduate Training ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Doctoral Program ◽  
Note Taking ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Social

Purpose This study aims to explore how graduate students in the social sciences develop reading and note-taking routines. Design/methodology/approach Using a professional socialization framework drawing on grounded theory, this study draws on a snowball sample of 36 graduate students in the social sciences at US universities. Qualitative interviews were conducted to learn about graduate students’ reading and note-taking techniques. Findings This study uncovered how doctoral students experienced the shift from undergraduate to graduate training. Graduate school requires students to adopt new modes of reading and note-taking. However, students lacked explicit mentorship in these skills. Once they realized that the goal was to enter an academic conversation to produce knowledge, they developed new reading and note-taking routines by soliciting and implementing suggestions from advanced doctoral students and faculty mentors. Research limitations/implications The specific requirements of the individual graduate program shape students’ goals for reading and note-taking. Further examination of the relationship between graduate students’ reading and note-taking and institutional requirements is warranted with a larger sample of universities, including non-American institutions. Practical implications Graduate students benefit from explicit mentoring in reading and note-taking skills from doctoral faculty and advanced graduate students. Originality/value This study uncovers the perspectives of graduate students in the social sciences as they transition from undergraduate coursework in a doctoral program of study. This empirical, interview-based research highlights the centrality of reading and note-taking in doctoral studies.

Using confidence intervals to estimate the response of salmon populations (Oncorhynchus spp.) to experimental habitat alterations

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 2716-2726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J Bradford ◽  
Josh Korman ◽  
Paul S Higgins
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Habitat Restoration ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Fish Habitat ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Considerable Uncertainty ◽  
Monitoring Programs

There is considerable uncertainty about the effectiveness of fish habitat restoration programs, and reliable monitoring programs are needed to evaluate them. Statistical power analysis based on traditional hypothesis tests are usually used for monitoring program design, but here we argue that effect size estimates and their associated confidence intervals are more informative because results can be compared with both the null hypothesis of no effect and effect sizes of interest, such as restoration goals. We used a stochastic simulation model to compare alternative monitoring strategies for a habitat alteration that would change the productivity and capacity of a coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) producing stream. Estimates of the effect size using a freshwater stock–recruit model were more precise than those from monitoring the abundance of either spawners or smolts. Less than ideal monitoring programs can produce ambiguous results, which are cases in which the confidence interval includes both the null hypothesis and the effect size of interest. Our model is a useful planning tool because it allows the evaluation of the utility of different types of monitoring data, which should stimulate discussion on how the results will ultimately inform decision-making.

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SELF ESTEEM AND READING ABILITY OF INDONESIAN EFL STUDENTS

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Intan Satriani
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Reading Ability ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
English Department ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Reading Score ◽  
Research Instrument ◽  
Efl Students ◽  
The Relationship

The present study is employed to understand the relationship between self esteemand reading ability of Indonesian EFL students. The study was conducted on bothIndonesian male and female graduate students of English department in aPostgraduate school in Bandung. During the research, questionnaire developed byHyde (1979 in Bagheri, et al., 2012) was used as the research instrument to obtainthe score of students‟ self esteem. In addition, the data of reading score werecollected from TOEFL score which has been standardized. Those instrumentswere administered in one session. The data were analyzed by Pearson momentcorrelation to identify the relationship between two variables. The result of thisstudy showed that the null hypothesis of this study is rejected. Sincetheprobability value of students‟ self esteem is lower than the level of significant(.697>0.05). It indicates that there is a correlation between self esteemandstudents‟ reading ability.Keywords: Self-Esteem , reading Ability

scholarly journals Simulation of trajectories in the illness-death model for chronic diseases: discrete event simulation, Doob-Gillespie algorithm and coverage of Wald confidence intervals

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph Brinks ◽  
Annika Hoyer
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Discrete Event Simulation ◽  
Discrete Event ◽  
Gillespie Algorithm ◽  
Event Simulation ◽  
Bias Variance

AbstractWe compare two approaches for simulating events in the illness-death model in a test example about type 2 diabetes in Germany. The first approach is a discrete event simulation, where relevant events, i.e., onset of disease and death, are simulated for each subject individually. The second approach is the Doob-Gillespie algorithm, which simulates the number of people in each state of the illness-death model at each point in time. The algorithms are compared in terms of bias, variance and speed. Based on the results of the comparison in the test example, we assess coverage of the corresponding Wald confidence intervals.

scholarly journals University extension and teacher training in Brazil: the Zoology Summer Course

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-330
Author(s):  
Karla D. Araujo Soares ◽  
Adriana Jeckel ◽  
Gabriel Silva ◽  
Victor Giovannetti ◽  
Kleber Mathubara
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Training ◽  
Graduate Students ◽  
Graduate Program ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
University Teachers ◽  
College Professors ◽  
Academic Activities ◽  
The University

Teacher training in higher education has been relatively neglected in Brazilian universities because postgraduate programs are mainly focused on the research that students produce. However, these postgraduate students are expected to become the next university and college professors. Herein, we present the experience of the Zoology Summer Course, a university extension course organized by graduate students from the Zoology Graduate Program at the University of São Paulo, Brazil. This course was created aimed to provide graduate students with an opportunity to develop and practice their teaching skills. To understand the influences, motives, and legacy of the CVZOO on its organizers, we developed a questionnaire and evaluated the responses by focusing on elements of academic formation and prospects for a teaching career, using systematic content analysis procedures as parameters. Our results demonstrate the importance of CVZOO as a space of dialogue and interaction for professional teacher training, as well as an opportunity to exchange experiences and build professional identity. The course has also influenced other academic activities such as the organization of scientific events, mentoring experience, and publications. Lastly, we discuss the importance of teacher training in Brazilian graduate programs and propose initiatives to improve the training of future university teachers. Keywords: Graduation; Extension Course; Students; Biodiversity   Extensão universitária e formação docente no Brasil: o Curso de Verão em Zoologia   Resumo: A formação docente universitária tem sido bastante negligenciada em universidade brasileiras, uma vez que programas de pós-graduação focam majoritariamente na produção acadêmico-científica de seus alunos. No entanto, espera-se que os pós-graduandos sejam a próxima geração de professores universitários. Neste estudo, nós apresentamos a experiência do Curso de Verão em Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil. Este curso foi criado com o objetivo de proporcionar aos estudantes de pós-graduação a oportunidade de desenvolver e praticar suas habilidades para docência. No intuito de entender as influências, motivações e legado do CVZOO em seus organizadores, nós desenvolvemos um questionário e avaliamos as respostas buscando elementos da formação acadêmica e prospecção para a carreira docente, usando procedimentos de análise de conteúdo como parâmetros Os resultados demonstram a importância do CVZOO como um espaço de diálogo e interação com a prática docente bem como uma oportunidade para trocar experiências e construir uma identidade profissional. O curso tem influenciado em outras atividades acadêmicas, tais como organização de eventos científicos, orientação de alunos e publicações. Por fim, este artigo discute a importância da formação docente em programas de pós-graduação no Brasil e propõe algumas iniciativas para melhorar a formação dos futuros professores universitários. Palavras-chave: Pós-Graduação; Curso de Extensão; Estudantes; Biodiversidade

scholarly journals Adjustment Experiences of International Graduate Students to Life in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 2243-2262
Author(s):  
Nur Aira Abd Rahim
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Graduate Students ◽  
Graduate Program ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Qualitative Inquiry ◽  
Adjustment Process ◽  
International Graduate Students ◽  
International Graduate ◽  
Starting Point

The adjustment process, also interchangeably referred as a transition or adaptation process, is a stage that every international student went through as part of their study abroad experiences. For international graduate students, their pursuit represents an important milestone in their self-development and personal growth. However, adjusting to a new educational and social environment can be challenging. During this important starting point of their academic journey, what are the key aspects that shaped the adjustment experiences of these international graduate students? This study explored the narratives of international graduate students of their adjustment process to academic life in the United States using the integrated acculturation framework using a naturalistic qualitative inquiry process. Participants’ selection includes criterion sampling and maximum variation strategy to elect international students who were at least completing his or second semester in a current graduate program. In total, 9 participants were selected based upon different countries of origins and program majors and having both male and female and doctorate and master level participants in this study. The findings show that these international graduate students experienced varied adjustment experiences, impacted by motivation, personality, coping strategies, and social support received. All the participants also reported having a varying set of growth as a result of the adjustment process. The recommendations include providing more support geared towards academic well-being and creating a supportive culture among faculty and other students on the diversity and difference these international graduate students bring on campus.

Debate: a tool for teaching graduate students.

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (6) ◽  
pp. S45 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Moody-Corbett
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Graduate Program ◽  
Student Participation ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Opportunity To Learn ◽  
Background Knowledge ◽  
Methods Of Evaluation ◽  
Neuroscience Method

The introduction of a formal debate was used to stimulate discussion of neuroscience in our graduate program. The debate had several advantages for encouraging student participation. Several students actively participated in the debate: four debaters and five judges. Faculty coaches helped provide background knowledge and guidance before the debate but were not debaters. Faculty directed the judges in methods of evaluation but were not judges. It was felt that this method of teaching was not only fun, but also provided an opportunity to learn current topics in neuroscience, method of presentation, and critical evaluation.

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