scholarly journals Pathways and challenges for efficient solar-thermal desalination

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. eaax0763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhangxin Wang ◽  
Thomas Horseman ◽  
Anthony P. Straub ◽  
Ngai Yin Yip ◽  
Deyu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Vapor Generation ◽  
Performance Limit ◽  
Thermal Desalination ◽  
Efficient Recovery ◽  
System Designs

Solar-thermal desalination (STD) is a potentially low-cost, sustainable approach for providing high-quality fresh water in the absence of water and energy infrastructures. Despite recent efforts to advance STD by improving heat-absorbing materials and system designs, the best strategies for maximizing STD performance remain uncertain. To address this problem, we identify three major steps in distillation-based STD: (i) light-to-heat energy conversion, (ii) thermal vapor generation, and (iii) conversion of vapor to water via condensation. Using specific water productivity as a quantitative metric for energy efficiency, we show that efficient recovery of the latent heat of condensation is critical for STD performance enhancement, because solar vapor generation has already been pushed toward its performance limit. We also demonstrate that STD cannot compete with photovoltaic reverse osmosis desalination in energy efficiency. We conclude by emphasizing the importance of factors other than energy efficiency, including cost, ease of maintenance, and applicability to hypersaline waters.

Templating Synthesis of Natural Cotton-based Hierarchically Structured Carbon Hollow Microfibers for High-performance Solar Vapor Generation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shijun Lei ◽  
Dali Huang ◽  
Shuhao Liu ◽  
Mingfeng Chen ◽  
Rong Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Vapor Generation ◽  
Grand Challenges ◽  
Thermal Desalination ◽  
Templating Synthesis

Solar-thermal desalination by interfacial evaporation that leverages abundant solar energy to convert saline water into clean freshwater has promised an exciting alternative to meet the grand challenges of water scarcity....

Low Cost Dispatchable Heat for Small Scale Solar Thermal Desalination Systems

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordyn Brinkley ◽  
Roland Winston ◽  
Lun Jiang ◽  
James Palko ◽  
Souvik Roy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Thermal Desalination

Treadle pump: A low cost irrigation option for marginal farmers

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
ATIQUR RAHMAN ◽  
ASHUTOSH UPADHYAYA ◽  
BP BHATT
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Human Power ◽  
Dry Spells ◽  
Supplementary Irrigation ◽  
Land Holdings

The population of marginal farmers in India is bound to increase due to continued division of farm holdings. Characteristically, marginal farmers are having more family labours but the production and productivity of their land holdings is low. The foremost reason behind this is the erratic rainfall and lack of assure supplementary irrigation during long dry spells. This paper presents the scope and applicability of a diaphragm based treadle pump in Bihar where groundwater is abundant and available at shallow depths round the year. Therefore, this pump could be very useful for marginal farmers in improving production and productivity of their tiny piece of land, as it uses human power and can be operated by male and female of age group 32- 45 years and lifts water from a depth ranging from 0- 30 feet. The water saving technologies such as bucket kit drum kit etc. could be used with this pump to irrigate the crops with high water productivity.

scholarly journals Minimal Monitoring of Improvements in Energy Performance after Envelope Renovation in Subsidized Single Family Housing in Madrid

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 235
Author(s):  
Fernando Martín-Consuegra ◽  
Fernando de Frutos ◽  
Ignacio Oteiza ◽  
Carmen Alonso ◽  
Borja Frutos
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Nineteen Fifties ◽  
Environment Quality ◽  
Urban Complex

This study quantified the improvement in energy efficiency following passive renovation of the thermal envelope in highly inefficient residential complexes on the outskirts of the city of Madrid. A case study was conducted of a single-family terrace housing, representative of the smallest size subsidized dwellings built in Spain for workers in the nineteen fifties and sixties. Two units of similar characteristics, one in its original state and the other renovated, were analyzed in detail against their urban setting with an experimental method proposed hereunder for simplified, minimal monitoring. The dwellings were compared on the grounds of indoor environment quality parameters recorded over a period covering both winter and summer months. That information was supplemented with an analysis of the energy consumption metered. The result was a low-cost, reasonably accurate measure of the improvements gained in the renovated unit. The monitoring output data were entered in a theoretical energy efficiency model for the entire neighborhood to obtain an estimate of the potential for energy savings if the entire urban complex were renovated.

scholarly journals Overall Efficiency of On-Site Production and Storage of Solar Thermal Energy

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1360
Author(s):  
Teodora M. Șoimoșan ◽  
Ligia M. Moga ◽  
Livia Anastasiu ◽  
Daniela L. Manea ◽  
Aurica Căzilă ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Multicriteria Analysis ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Solar Thermal Energy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Storage

Harnessing renewable energy sources (RES) using hybrid systems for buildings is almost a deontological obligation for engineers and researchers in the energy field, and increasing the percentage of renewables within the energy mix represents an important target. In crowded urban areas, on-site energy production and storage from renewables can be a real challenge from a technical point of view. The main objectives of this paper are quantification of the impact of the consumer’s profile on overall energy efficiency for on-site storage and final use of solar thermal energy, as well as developing a multicriteria assessment in order to provide a methodology for selection in prioritizing investments. Buildings with various consumption profiles lead to achieving different values of performance indicators in similar configurations of storage and energy supply. In this regard, an analysis of the consumption profile’s impact on overall energy efficiency, achieved in the case of on-site generation and storage of solar thermal energy, was performed. The obtained results validate the following conclusion: On-site integration of solar systems allowed the consumers to use RES at the desired coverage rates, while restricted by on-site available mounting areas for solar fields and thermal storage, under conditions of high energy efficiencies. In order to segregate the results and support optimal selection, a multicriteria analysis was carried out, having as the main criteria the energy efficiency indicators achieved by hybrid heating systems.

Ceramic Technology for Solar Thermal Receivers

1983 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
A. A. Kudirka ◽  
R. H. Smoak
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Ceramic Technology ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Receiver Design ◽  
Solar Thermal Energy ◽  
Energy Applications ◽  
Temperature Capability ◽  
Solar Applications

Development of ceramic receiver technology for advanced solar thermal energy applications is being pursued in order to achieve significant reductions in energy cost and increase the potential application of solar thermal energy. Basically, structural ceramics are being seriously considered for solar applications because of their high temperature capability, their nonstrategic nature, and their potential for low cost. In this paper, candidate ceramic materials for solar receivers and their characteristics are described, potentially applicable fabrication and processing methods are discussed, and their applicability and promise for solar receivers is assessed. Receiver design requirements as well as system requirements for solar applications are reviewed. Promising areas of application of ceramic receivers in the near future are also discussed. Current ceramic receiver development status and plans are described, including one receiver which has been successfully tested at gas exit temperatures of up to 1425°C.

Detecting Wormhole Attack on Data Aggregation in Hierarchical WSN

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mukesh Kumar ◽  
Kamlesh Dutta
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Data Aggregation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Attack Detection ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Network Data ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Malicious Node ◽  
Combine Data ◽  
Wormhole Attack

Wireless networks are used by everyone for their convenience for transferring packets from one node to another without having a static infrastructure. In WSN, there are some nodes which are light weight, small in size, having low computation overhead, and low cost known as sensor nodes. In literature, there exists many secure data aggregation protocols available but they are not sufficient to detect the malicious node. The authors require a better security mechanism or a technique to secure the network. Data aggregation is an essential paradigm in WSN. The idea is to combine data coming from different source nodes in order to achieve energy efficiency. In this paper, the authors proposed a protocol for worm hole attack detection during data aggregation in WSN. Main focus is on wormhole attack detection and its countermeasures.

Evaluation of three systems of solar thermal panel using low cost material, tested in Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 167 ◽  
pp. 201-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anderson Miguel Lenz ◽  
Giovane Colle ◽  
Samuel Nelson Melegari de Souza ◽  
Maritane Prior ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Camargo Nogueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Solar Thermal
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document