scholarly journals Multidecadal increase in plastic particles in coastal ocean sediments

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. eaax0587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. Brandon ◽  
William Jones ◽  
Mark D. Ohman
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Doubling Time ◽  
Coastal Sediments ◽  
Benthic Organisms ◽  
World War ◽  
Santa Barbara ◽  
Santa Barbara Basin ◽  
Exponential Increase ◽  
Great Acceleration ◽  
Deposit Feeding

We analyzed coastal sediments of the Santa Barbara Basin, California, for historical changes in microplastic deposition using a box core that spanned 1834–2009. The sediment was visually sorted for plastic, and a subset was confirmed as plastic polymers via FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) spectroscopy. After correcting for contamination introduced during sample processing, we found an exponential increase in plastic deposition from 1945 to 2009 with a doubling time of 15 years. This increase correlated closely with worldwide plastic production and southern California coastal population increases over the same period. Increased plastic loading in sediments has unknown consequences for deposit-feeding benthic organisms. This increase in plastic deposition in the post–World War II years can be used as a geological proxy for the Great Acceleration of the Anthropocene in the sedimentary record.

scholarly journals A Time Series of Water Column Distributions and Sinking Particle Flux of Pseudo-Nitzschia and Domoic Acid in the Santa Barbara Basin, California

Toxins ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blaire Umhau ◽  
Claudia Benitez-Nelson ◽  
Clarissa Anderson ◽  
Kelly McCabe ◽  
Christopher Burrell
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Sediment Trap ◽  
Domoic Acid ◽  
Particle Flux ◽  
Sediment Traps ◽  
Benthic Organisms ◽  
Santa Barbara ◽  
Santa Barbara Basin ◽  
Potential Source

Water column bulk Pseudo-nitzschia abundance and the dissolved and particulate domoic acid (DA) concentrations were measured in the Santa Barbara Basin (SBB), California from 2009–2013 and compared to bulk Pseudo-nitzschia cell abundance and DA concentrations and fluxes in sediment traps moored at 147 m and 509 m. Pseudo-nitzschia abundance throughout the study period was spatially and temporally heterogeneous (<200 cells L−1 to 3.8 × 106 cells L−1, avg. 2 × 105 ± 5 × 105 cells L−1) and did not correspond with upwelling conditions or the total DA (tDA) concentration, which was also spatially and temporally diverse (<1.3 ng L−1 to 2.2 × 105 ng L−1, avg. 7.8 × 103 ± 2.2 × 104 ng L−1). We hypothesize that the toxicity is likely driven in part by specific Pseudo-nitzschia species as well as bloom stage. Dissolved (dDA) and particulate (pDA) DA were significantly and positively correlated (p < 0.01) and both comprised major components of the total DA pool (pDA = 57 ± 35%, and dDA = 42 ± 35%) with substantial water column concentrations (>1000 cells L−1 and tDA = 200 ng L−1) measured as deep as 150 m. Our results highlight that dDA should not be ignored when examining bloom toxicity. Although water column abundance and pDA concentrations were poorly correlated with sediment trap Pseudo-nitzschia abundance and fluxes, DA toxicity is likely associated with senescent blooms that rapidly sink to the seafloor, adding another potential source of DA to benthic organisms.

scholarly journals Information management and communication technology in nursing

Curationis ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Steen-Nielssen
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Information Management ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
World War ◽  
Amount Of Information ◽  
Exponential Increase

Since World War II there has been an exponential increase in the amount of information of every kind. The question is how this information - whether scientific, commercial, clinical or educational - can be captured and made easily available for retrieval, storage or research.

Design and Social Change: An Architectural History of the University of California, Santa Barbara

2021 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-255
Author(s):  
Julia Diane Larson
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Architectural History ◽  
University Of California ◽  
World War ◽  
Santa Barbara ◽  
University Archives ◽  
History Of ◽  
Architecture And Design ◽  
The University

ABSTRACT The University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB), campus as it stands today appears as an architectural mash-up of midcentury modern institutional buildings, both low rise and high rise; a smattering of World War II–era wooden buildings; 1970s-style double wide trailers; and new science buildings built by a who's who of internationally famous architects. In this case study, the author shows how the UCSB campus's architectural history mirrors the post–World War II boom in educational facilities throughout California and the social, cultural, and architectural history of the region as a whole. The key to discovering this history is archival research, both at the University Archives at the UCSB Library, as well as at the architecture-specific Architecture and Design Collection at the Art, Design & Architecture Museum on campus. In this case study, the author explains how the architectural history can be traced through the archival records to more fully understand the history of the campus.

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