scholarly journals Infrared electric field sampled frequency comb spectroscopy

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. eaaw8794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abijith S. Kowligy ◽  
Henry Timmers ◽  
Alexander J. Lind ◽  
Ugaitz Elu ◽  
Flavio C. Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Frequency Comb ◽  
Ultrashort Pulses ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Laser Frequency ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Mid Infrared

Probing matter with light in the mid-infrared provides unique insight into molecular composition, structure, and function with high sensitivity. However, laser spectroscopy in this spectral region lacks the broadband or tunable light sources and efficient detectors available in the visible or near-infrared. We overcome these challenges with an approach that unites a compact source of phase-stable, single-cycle, mid-infrared pulses with room temperature electric field–resolved detection at video rates. The ultrashort pulses correspond to laser frequency combs that span 3 to 27 μm (370 to 3333 cm−1), and are measured with dynamic range of >106 and spectral resolution as high as 0.003 cm−1. We highlight the brightness and coherence of our apparatus with gas-, liquid-, and solid-phase spectroscopy that extends over spectral bandwidths comparable to thermal or infrared synchrotron sources. This unique combination enables powerful avenues for rapid detection of biological, chemical, and physical properties of matter with molecular specificity.

Chaos of interband cascade lasers in the mid-infrared regime

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Deng ◽  
Zhuo-Fei Fan ◽  
Shiyuan Zhao ◽  
Frédéric Grillot ◽  
Cheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Semiconductor Lasers ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Optical Feedback ◽  
Nonlinear Dynamical Systems ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Mid Infrared ◽  
Operation Conditions

Abstract Chaos in nonlinear dynamical systems is featured with irregular appearance and with high sensitivity to initial conditions. Near-infrared semiconductor lasers subject to optical feedback from an external reflector are popular chaotic light sources, which have enabled multiple applications. Here, we report the fully-developed chaos in a mid-infrared interband cascade laser with external optical feedback. The chaos leads to significant electrical power enhancement over a frequency span of 500 MHz. In addition, the laser also exhibits periodic oscillations or low-frequency fluctuations before producing chaos, depending on the operation conditions. This work paves the way for extending chaos investigations from the near-infrared regime to the mid-infrared regime, which can stimulate potential applications in this spectral range.

scholarly journals Doubly resonant sub-ppt photoacoustic gas detection with eight decades dynamic range

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Wang ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Qiang Wang ◽  
Simone Borri ◽  
Iacopo Galli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Sensors ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Wide Dynamic Range ◽  
Acoustic Resonators ◽  
Light Waves ◽  
Energy Environment ◽  
Small Footprint

Abstract Gas sensors with high sensitivity, wide dynamic range, high selectivity, fast response, and small footprint are desirable across a broad range of applications in energy, environment, safety, and public health. However, designing a compact gas sensor with ultra-high sensitivity and ultra-wide dynamic range remains a challenge. Laser-based photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) is a promising candidate to fill this gap. Herein, we report a novel method to simultaneously enhance the acoustic and light waves for PAS using integrated optical and acoustic resonators. This increases sensitivity by more than two orders of magnitude and extends the dynamic range by more than three orders of magnitude, compared with the state-of-the-art photoacoustic gas sensors. We demonstrate the concept by exploiting a near-infrared absorption line of acetylene (C2H2) at 1531.59 nm, achieving a detection limit of 0.5 parts-per-trillion (ppt), a noise equivalent absorption (NEA) of 5.7×10-13 cm-1 and a linear dynamic range of eight orders of magnitude. This study enables the realization of compact ultra-sensitive and ultra-wide-dynamic-range gas sensors in a number of different fields.

Precision Mid-Infrared Frequency Comb Spectroscopy using a Cross-Dispersed Spectrometer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Michelle Bailey ◽  
Gang Zhao ◽  
Adam J. Fleisher
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Comb ◽  
Difference Frequency Generation ◽  
Laser Frequency ◽  
Trace Gas ◽  
Molecular Fingerprint ◽  
Mid Infrared ◽  
Optical Frequency Combs ◽  
Frequency Combs ◽  
Infrared Spectral ◽  
Fingerprint Region

<p>Advances in optical technology have led to the commercialization and widespread use of broadband optical frequency combs for multiplexed measurements of trace-gas species. Increasingly available in the mid-infrared spectral region, these devices can be leveraged to interrogate the molecular fingerprint region where many fundamental rovibrational transitions occur. Here we present a cross-dispersed spectrometer employing a virtually imaged phased array etalon and ruled diffraction grating coupled with a difference frequency generation comb centered near 4.5 µm. The spectrometer achieves sub-GHz spectral resolution with a 30 cm<sup>-1</sup> instantaneous bandwidth. Laboratory results for nitrous oxide isotopic abundance retrieval will be presented. Challenges relating to characterizing the instrument lineshape function, constructing a frequency axis traceable to the comb, and accurate spectral modelling will be addressed and progress towards incorporating a more compact laser frequency comb source into the system will be discussed.</p>

scholarly journals Mid-infrared optical frequency comb in the 2.7–4.0 μm range via difference frequency generation from a compact laser system

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lian Zhou ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Gehui Xie ◽  
Chenglin Gu ◽  
Zejiang Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repetition Rate ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Quantum Noise ◽  
Frequency Comb ◽  
Laser System ◽  
Difference Frequency Generation ◽  
Difference Frequency ◽  
Average Output ◽  
Mid Infrared ◽  
Frequency Generation

Abstract We report on the generation of a mid-infrared (mid-IR) frequency comb with a maximum average output power of 250 mW and tunability in the 2.7–4.0 μm region. The approach is based on a single-stage difference frequency generation (DFG) starting from a compact Yb-doped fiber laser system. The repetition rate of the near-infrared (NIR) comb is locked at 75 MHz. The phase noise of the repetition rate in the offset-free mid-IR comb system is measured and analyzed. Except for the intrinsic of NIR comb, environmental noise at low frequency and quantum noise at high frequency from the amplifier chain and nonlinear spectral broadening are the main noise sources of broadening the linewidth of comb teeth, which limits the precision of mid-IR dual-comb spectroscopy.

scholarly journals Nonlinear Group IV photonics based on silicon and germanium: from near-infrared to mid-infrared

Nanophotonics ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 247-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Zhang ◽  
Anuradha M. Agarwal ◽  
Lionel C. Kimerling ◽  
Jurgen Michel
Keyword(s):  
Chalcogenide Glasses ◽  
Pulse Compression ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Frequency Comb ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Numerical Work ◽  
Mid Infrared ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Silicon And Germanium

AbstractGroup IV photonics hold great potential for nonlinear applications in the near- and mid-infrared (IR) wavelength ranges, exhibiting strong nonlinearities in bulk materials, high index contrast, CMOS compatibility, and cost-effectiveness. In this paper, we review our recent numerical work on various types of silicon and germanium waveguides for octave-spanning ultrafast nonlinear applications. We discuss the material properties of silicon, silicon nitride, silicon nano-crystals, silica, germanium, and chalcogenide glasses including arsenic sulfide and arsenic selenide to use them for waveguide core, cladding and slot layer. The waveguides are analyzed and improved for four spectrum ranges from visible, near-IR to mid-IR, with material dispersion given by Sellmeier equations and wavelength-dependent nonlinear Kerr index taken into account. Broadband dispersion engineering is emphasized as a critical approach to achieving on-chip octave-spanning nonlinear functions. These include octave-wide supercontinuum generation, ultrashort pulse compression to sub-cycle level, and mode-locked Kerr frequency comb generation based on few-cycle cavity solitons, which are potentially useful for next-generation optical communications, signal processing, imaging and sensing applications.

scholarly journals Mid-infrared hyperchaos of interband cascade lasers

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Deng ◽  
Zhuo-Fei Fan ◽  
Bin-Bin Zhao ◽  
Xing-Guang Wang ◽  
Shiyuan Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Semiconductor Lasers ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Optical Feedback ◽  
Nonlinear Dynamical Systems ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Mid Infrared ◽  
Interband Cascade Lasers ◽  
Cascade Lasers

AbstractChaos in nonlinear dynamical systems is featured with irregular appearance and with high sensitivity to initial conditions. Near-infrared light chaos based on semiconductor lasers has been extensively studied and has enabled various applications. Here, we report a fully-developed hyperchaos in the mid-infrared regime, which is produced from interband cascade lasers subject to the external optical feedback. Lyapunov spectrum analysis demonstrates that the chaos exhibits three positive Lyapunov exponents. Particularly, the chaotic signal covers a broad frequency range up to the GHz level, which is two to three orders of magnitude broader than existed mid-infrared chaos solutions. The interband cascade lasers produce either periodic oscillations or low-frequency fluctuations before bifurcating to hyperchaos. This hyperchaos source is valuable for developing long-reach secure optical communication links and remote chaotic Lidar systems, taking advantage of the high-transmission windows of the atmosphere in the mid-infrared regime.

Laser Desorption Combined with Laser Postionization for Mass Spectrometry

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Hanley ◽  
Raveendra Wickramasinghe ◽  
Yeni P. Yung
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Extreme Ultraviolet ◽  
Short Pulse ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Pulse Length ◽  
Ultrashort Pulses ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Laser Desorption ◽  
Direct Laser

Lasers with pulse lengths from nanoseconds to femtoseconds and wavelengths from the mid-infrared to extreme ultraviolet (UV) have been used for desorption or ablation in mass spectrometry. Such laser sampling can often benefit from the addition of a second laser for postionization of neutrals. The advantages offered by laser postionization include the ability to forego matrix application, high lateral resolution, decoupling of ionization from desorption, improved analysis of electrically insulating samples, and potential for high sensitivity and depth profiling while minimizing differential detection. A description of postionization by vacuum UV radiation is followed by a consideration of multiphoton, short pulse, and other postionization strategies. The impacts of laser pulse length and wavelength are considered for laser desorption or laser ablation at low pressures. Atomic and molecular analysis via direct laser desorption/ionization using near-infrared ultrashort pulses is described. Finally, the postionization of clusters, the role of gaseous collisions, sampling at ambient pressure, atmospheric pressure photoionization, and the addition of UV postionization to MALDI are considered.

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