scholarly journals Amid fields of rubble, scars, and lost gear, signs of recovery observed on seamounts on 30- to 40-year time scales

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. eaaw4513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy R. Baco ◽  
E. Brendan Roark ◽  
Nicole B. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Time Scales ◽  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Fishing Pressure ◽  
The World ◽  
Coral Communities ◽  
Emperor Seamounts

Although the expectation of lack of resilience of seamount vulnerable marine ecosystems has become a paradigm in seamount ecology and a tenet of fisheries management, recovery has not been tested on time scales >10 years. The Northwestern Hawaiian Ridge and Emperor Seamounts have experienced the highest documented fish and invertebrate seamount fisheries takes in the world. Surveys show that, despite visible evidence of substantial historic fishing pressure, a subset of these seamounts that have been protected for >30 years showed multiple signs of recovery including corals regrowing from fragments and higher abundances of benthic megafauna than Still Trawled sites. Contrary to expectations, these results show that, with long-term protection, some recovery of seamount deep-sea coral communities may be possible on 30- to 40-year time scales. The current practice of allowing continued bottom-contact fishing at heavy trawled sites may cause damage to remnant populations, which likely play a critical role in recovery.

scholarly journals Fisheries, the inverted food pyramid

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 1697-1713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeppe Kolding ◽  
Alida Bundy ◽  
Paul A.M. van Zwieten ◽  
Michael J. Plank
Keyword(s):  
Global Assessment ◽  
Marine Ecosystems ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Ecosystem Structure ◽  
Fishing Pressure ◽  
Food Pyramid ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Term Changes ◽  
Ecosystem Structure And Functioning

Abstract A global assessment of fishing patterns and fishing pressure from 110 different Ecopath models, representing marine ecosystems throughout the world and covering the period 1970–2007, show that human exploitation across trophic levels (TLs) is highly unbalanced and skewed towards low productive species at high TLs, which are around two TLs higher than the animal protein we get from terrestrial farming. Overall, exploitation levels from low trophic species were <15% of production, and only 18% of the total number of exploited groups and species were harvested >40% of their production. Generally, well-managed fisheries from temperate ecosystems were more selectively harvested at higher exploitation rates than tropical and upwelling (tropical and temperate) fisheries, resulting in potentially larger long-term changes to the ecosystem structure and functioning. The results indicate a very inefficient utilization of the food energy value of marine production. Rebuilding overfished components of the ecosystem and changing focus to balancing exploitation across a wider range of TLs, i.e. balanced harvesting, has the potential to significantly increase overall catches from global marine fisheries.

Grenadiers of the World Oceans: Biology, Stock Assessment, and Fisheries

2008 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Southwestern Atlantic ◽  
The World ◽  
Fish Group ◽  
Sea Fish ◽  
The U.S

<em>Abstract.</em>—Grenadiers have been known since 1765, but it was not until the <em>Challenger </em>expedition that grenadiers were recognized as a major deep sea fish group. Known species of grenadiers increased dramatically between 1870 and 1900, peaking at the end of that century, and rising again between 1900 and 1920 from collections of the <em>Albatross</em>. After 1920, grenadier taxonomy languished until the1970s, peaking in the 1990s when 74 new species were described. There are now approximately 394 valid grenadier species with many yet to be described. The classification of gadiform fishes has been much debated, but placement of grenadiers within the order Gadiformes is relatively firmly established. Opinions still differ, however, on relationships of the four major grenadier groups, with bathygadids the most contentious group. Long-term fisheries for grenadiers began in the late 1960s, targeting primarily the roundnose grenadier. After a peak catch of about 84,000 tons in 1971, catches of that species have diminished. Exploitation of the roughhead grenadier <em>Macrourus berglax </em>began in the 1980s. Minor fisheries currently exist for Pacific grenadier <em>Coryphaenoides acrolepis </em>off the U.S. West Coast and for two <em>Macrourus </em>species in the southwestern Atlantic.

Leadership to Cultivate the Circular Economy

2020 ◽  
pp. 554-565
Author(s):  
Damini Saini ◽  
Juhi Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Social Impacts ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The World ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Present World

A business meets the need of the present world and the environment without compromising the requirement of the current scenario, that is, sustainability of the resources. Everyone affects the sustainability of the marketplace and the Earth in some way or another. Sustainable development within a business is able to create value for customers, investors, and the environment. This naturally involves taking a long-term perspective and balancing economic, environmental, and social impacts of business. In today's business environment, it is highly important that organizations develop and adhere to the appropriate policies and systems that create a sustainable future for the world. The purpose of this chapter is to highlight the circular economy and the critical role leadership will play in it. The authors describe the circular economy and its major concepts and approaches along with its background. Further, the major challenges and encounters of leadership in a circular economy are also discussed.

scholarly journals Effects of trawling on fish and invertebrates from deep-sea coral facies of Isidella elongata in the western Mediterranean

2011 ◽  
Vol 92 (7) ◽  
pp. 1501-1507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesc Maynou ◽  
Joan E. Cartes
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Commercial Fishery ◽  
Invertebrate Species ◽  
The World ◽  
Fishery Species ◽  
Aristeus Antennatus

Deep-water corals are known to provide essential habitat for fish and invertebrates along the continental slope in different areas of the world, offering prey to coral predators, protection or attachment substrate to other suspension feeders. In the Mediterranean Sea the coral Isidella elongata (Esper, 1788) characterizes a facies of bathyal compact mud substrates between 500 and 1200 m depth. Based on 4 experimental surveys carried out between 1985 and 2008, we obtained quantitative data on the fauna associated with live coral stands. We show that species richness of invertebrates and crustaceans, as well as abundance and biomass of crustaceans, is higher in areas with large stands of the coral. Some commercial fishery species are also more abundant or reach larger sizes in areas with high density of the coral, particularly the red shrimps Aristeus antennatus (Risso, 1816) and Plesionika martia (A. Milne Edwards, 1883). Trawling over I. elongata facies causes direct impacts on the biological assemblages by removing the habitat-forming corals, decreasing invertebrate species diversity and negatively affecting fisheries production in the long term.

From monetization to culture change

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Scheidel
Keyword(s):  
Culture Change ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Ancient Economy ◽  
Ideal Types ◽  
The World ◽  
Culture Centered ◽  
Rhetorical Tools

Aarts's argument revolves around three binaries: formalist and substantivist approaches to the study of the ancient economy, narrow economy-centered and broader culture-centered assessments of money use, and long-term and short-term transactional orders. Binary opposites play a critical role in our construction of the world, and consequently provide potent rhetorical tools for structuring an argument and especially for demarcating the novel and imaginative from the old and staid. At the same time, while this arrangement helps to define ideal types, it also runs the risk of obscuring what the debate is really about.

Thoughts on the Long-Term Strategy, Science and Democracy

2006 ◽  
pp. 4-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Abalkin
Keyword(s):  
Strategy Development ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
The World ◽  
World Development ◽  
Crucial Condition

The article covers unified issues of the long-term strategy development, the role of science as well as democracy development in present-day Russia. The problems of budget proficit, the Stabilization Fund issues, implementation of the adopted national projects, an increasing role of regions in strengthening the integrity and prosperity of the country are analyzed. The author reveals that the protection of businessmen and citizens from the all-embracing power of bureaucrats is the crucial condition of democratization of the society. Global trends of the world development and expert functions of the Russian science are presented as well.

Coal's Persistence in the Capitalist World-Economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul K. Gellert ◽  
Paul S. Ciccantell
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Ecological Modernization ◽  
World Systems ◽  
Coal Consumption ◽  
The World ◽  
Capitalist World Economy ◽  
Capitalist World

Predominant analyses of energy offer insufficient theoretical and political-economic insight into the persistence of coal and other fossil fuels. The dominant narrative of coal powering the Industrial Revolution, and Great Britain's world dominance in the nineteenth century giving way to a U.S.- and oil-dominated twentieth century, is marred by teleological assumptions. The key assumption that a complete energy “transition” will occur leads some to conceive of a renewable-energy-dominated twenty-first century led by China. After critiquing the teleological assumptions of modernization, ecological modernization, energetics, and even world-systems analysis of energy “transition,” this paper offers a world-systems perspective on the “raw” materialism of coal. Examining the material characteristics of coal and the unequal structure of the world-economy, the paper uses long-term data from governmental and private sources to reveal the lack of transition as new sources of energy are added. The increases in coal consumption in China and India as they have ascended in the capitalist world-economy have more than offset the leveling-off and decline in some core nations. A true global peak and decline (let alone full substitution) in energy generally and coal specifically has never happened. The future need not repeat the past, but technical, policy, and movement approaches will not get far without addressing the structural imperatives of capitalist growth and the uneven power structures and processes of long-term change of the world-system.

Covid-19 and Mining industry

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.B. Kondratiev
Keyword(s):  
Mining Industry ◽  
Commodity Markets ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Mining Companies ◽  
The World ◽  
Commodity Demand ◽  
Long Term Impact

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the commodity markets and mining industry around the world in different ways. Mining company’s operations have been hit by coronavirus outbreaks and government-mandated production stops. Demand for many commodities remains low. This paper examines the potential long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on future commodity demand, mining prospects, as well as tactical and strategic steps by mining companies to overcome the current crisis quickly and effectively.

Unmaking and Remaking the World in Long-Term Solitary Confinement

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Lisa Guenther
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Solitary Confinement ◽  
Hunger Strike ◽  
State Prison ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Collective Resistance ◽  
Civil Death

In The Body in Pain, Elaine Scarry analyzes the structure of torture as an unmaking of the world in which the tools that ought to support a person’s embodied capacities are used as weapons to break them down. The Security Housing Unit (SHU) of California’s Pelican Bay State Prison functions as a weaponized architecture of torture in precisely this sense; but in recent years, prisoners in the Pelican Bay Short Corridor have re-purposed this weaponized architecture as a tool for remaking the world through collective resistance. This resistance took the form of a hunger strike in which prisoners exposed themselves to the possibility of biological death in order to contest the social and civil death of solitary confinement. By collectively refusing food, and by articulating the meaning and motivation of this refusal in articles, interviews, artwork, and legal documents, prisoners reclaimed and expanded their perceptual, cognitive, and expressive capacities for world-making, even in a space of systematic torture.

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