scholarly journals Biomimetic composites with enhanced toughening using silk-inspired triblock proteins and aligned nanocellulose reinforcements

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. eaaw2541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pezhman Mohammadi ◽  
A. Sesilja Aranko ◽  
Christopher P. Landowski ◽  
Olli Ikkala ◽  
Kristaps Jaudzems ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spider Silk ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibrils ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Conformational Switching ◽  
Multiple Length Scales ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Sustainable Materials ◽  
Strength And Stiffness ◽  
Flow Alignment

Silk and cellulose are biopolymers that show strong potential as future sustainable materials. They also have complementary properties, suitable for combination in composite materials where cellulose would form the reinforcing component and silk the tough matrix. A major challenge concerns balancing structure and functional properties in the assembly process. We used recombinant proteins with triblock architecture, combining structurally modified spider silk with terminal cellulose affinity modules. Flow alignment of cellulose nanofibrils and triblock protein allowed continuous fiber production. Protein assembly involved phase separation into concentrated coacervates, with subsequent conformational switching from disordered structures into β sheets. This process gave the matrix a tough adhesiveness, forming a new composite material with high strength and stiffness combined with increased toughness. We show that versatile design possibilities in protein engineering enable new fully biological materials and emphasize the key role of controlled assembly at multiple length scales for realization.

scholarly journals Biomimetic Composites with Enhanced Toughening Using Silk Inspired Triblock Proteins and Aligned Nanocellulose Reinforcements

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pezhman Mohammadi ◽  
A. Sesilja Aranko ◽  
Christopher P. Landowski ◽  
Olli Ikkala ◽  
Kristaps Jaudzems ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spider Silk ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibrils ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Beta Sheets ◽  
Conformational Switching ◽  
Multiple Length Scales ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Strength And Stiffness ◽  
Flow Alignment

Silk and cellulose are biopolymers that show a high potential as future sustainable materials.They also have complementary properties, suitable for combination in composite materials where cellulose would form the reinforcing component and silk the tough matrix. Therein, a major challenge concerns balancing structure and properties in the assembly process. We used recombinant proteins with triblock architecture combining structurally modified spider silk with terminal cellulose affinity modules. Flow-alignment of cellulose nanofibrils and triblock protein allowed a continuous fiber production.The protein assembly involved phase separation into concentrated coacervates, with subsequent conformational switching from disordered structures to beta sheets. This gave the matrix a tough adhesiveness, forming a new composite material with high strength and stiffness combined with increased toughness. We show that versatile design possibilities in protein engineering enable new fully biological materials, and emphasize the key role of controlled assembly at multiple length scales for realization.<br>

scholarly journals Biomimetic Composites with Enhanced Toughening Using Silk Inspired Triblock Proteins and Aligned Nanocellulose Reinforcements

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pezhman Mohammadi ◽  
A. Sesilja Aranko ◽  
Christopher P. Landowski ◽  
Olli Ikkala ◽  
Wolfgang Wagermaier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spider Silk ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibrils ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Beta Sheets ◽  
Conformational Switching ◽  
Multiple Length Scales ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Strength And Stiffness ◽  
Flow Alignment

Silk and cellulose are biopolymers that show a high potential as future sustainable materials.They also have complementary properties, suitable for combination in composite materials where cellulose would form the reinforcing component and silk the tough matrix. Therein, a major challenge concerns balancing structure and properties in the assembly process. We used recombinant proteins with triblock architecture combining structurally modified spider silk with terminal cellulose affinity modules. Flow-alignment of cellulose nanofibrils and triblock protein allowed a continuous fiber production.The protein assembly involved phase separation into concentrated coacervates, with subsequent conformational switching from disordered structures to beta sheets. This gave the matrix a tough adhesiveness, forming a new composite material with high strength and stiffness combined with increased toughness. We show that versatile design possibilities in protein engineering enable new fully biological materials, and emphasize the key role of controlled assembly at multiple length scales for realization.

scholarly journals Biomimetic Composites with Enhanced Toughening Using Silk Inspired Triblock Proteins and Aligned Nanocellulose Reinforcements

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pezhman Mohammadi ◽  
A. Sesilja Aranko ◽  
Christopher P. Landowski ◽  
Olli Ikkala ◽  
Wolfgang Wagermaier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spider Silk ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibrils ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Beta Sheets ◽  
Conformational Switching ◽  
Multiple Length Scales ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Strength And Stiffness ◽  
Flow Alignment

Silk and cellulose are biopolymers that show a high potential as future sustainable materials.They also have complementary properties, suitable for combination in composite materials where cellulose would form the reinforcing component and silk the tough matrix. Therein, a major challenge concerns balancing structure and properties in the assembly process. We used recombinant proteins with triblock architecture combining structurally modified spider silk with terminal cellulose affinity modules. Flow-alignment of cellulose nanofibrils and triblock protein allowed a continuous fiber production.The protein assembly involved phase separation into concentrated coacervates, with subsequent conformational switching from disordered structures to beta sheets. This gave the matrix a tough adhesiveness, forming a new composite material with high strength and stiffness combined with increased toughness. We show that versatile design possibilities in protein engineering enable new fully biological materials, and emphasize the key role of controlled assembly at multiple length scales for realization.

Advanced Oxidation Protection System for Carbon-Carbon Composites

1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Eitman ◽  
R. W. Kidd ◽  
R. B. Dirling
Keyword(s):  
Advanced Oxidation ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Carbon Composite ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Carbon Composites ◽  
Oxidation Protection ◽  
Low Thermal Expansion ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Strength And Stiffness ◽  
Orthotropic Properties

Carbon-carbon composites possess a number of desirable attributes including low density, high strength and stiffness at temperatures well beyond the capabilities of refractory alloys, low thermal expansion coefficient, tailorable orthotropic properties, absence of strategic materials, and resistance to thermal shock, fatigue, and brittle failures. However, for many applications of interest (such as aircraft and aerospace vehicle structure and engines) resistance to oxidation in high-temperature air or engine exhaust streams is a requirement which is not satisfied by unprotected carbon-carbon composites. The elements of an advanced oxidation protection system for carbon-carbon composites are described in this paper. The system is comprised of both an oxidation resistant coating intended to provide the primary barrier to oxygen ingress and inhibitors added to the matrix of the carbon-carbon composite to increase its oxidation resistance without significant losses in mechanical properties. The composite inhibition system is designed to be complementary to the coating and to enhance its long-term performance. A description of the principal elements of the system is presented along with recent test data and current research directions.

Online determination of anisotropy during cellulose nanofibril assembly in a flow focusing device

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (24) ◽  
pp. 18601-18608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl M. O. Håkansson
Keyword(s):  
Cellulose Nanofibrils ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibril ◽  
Flow Focusing ◽  
Strength And Stiffness

In order to utilize the high strength and stiffness of cellulose nanofibrils in a macroscopic material or composite, the structure of the elongated fibrils in the material must be controlled.

Frictional Sliding of Microcracks under Compression

2004 ◽  
Vol 261-263 ◽  
pp. 129-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Qiao Feng ◽  
Xi Shu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Complex Loading ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Frictional Sliding ◽  
Damage And Failure ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Strength And Stiffness ◽  
Stiffening Effect

It is of interest to understand damage and failure mechanisms of microcracks and their evolution as a function of loading history, especially in the case of complex loading. Owing to their superior mechanical and physical properties, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) seem to hold a great promise as an ideal reinforcing material for composites of high-strength and low-density. HOWEVER, In most of the experimental results, only modest improvements in the strength and stiffness have been achieved by incorporating carbon nanotubes in polymers. There are many factors that influence the overall mechanical property of CNT-reinforced composites, e.g. the weak bonding between CNTs and matrix, the waviness and agglomeration of CNTs. In the present paper, we use the Mori-Tanaka method to evaluate the effect of these factors on the moduli of CNTs-CNT-reinforced composites. It is established that the waviness and agglomeration may significantly reduce the stiffening effect of CNTs, while the interface between the matrix and CNTs influence the moduli of CNTs-reinforced composites little.In this paper, the frictional sliding of microcracks under complex triaxial loading is analyzed, and the obtained results are incorporated into the constitutive relation of microcrack-weakened brittle materials.

Mechanical Properties of Densified Untwisted Carbon Nanotube Yarn / Epoxy Composites

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Risa Yoshizaki ◽  
Kim Tae Sung ◽  
Atsushi Hosoi ◽  
Hiroyuki Kawada
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Polymer Matrix Composites ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Cnt Arrays ◽  
Strength And Stiffness ◽  
Long Fibers

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have very high specific strength and stiffness. The excellent properties make it possible to enhance the mechanical properties of polymer matrix composites. However, it is difficult to use CNTs as the reinforcement of long fibers because of the limitation of CNT growth. In recent years, a method to spin yarns from CNT forests has developed. We have succeeded in manufacturing the unidirectional composites reinforced with the densified untwisted CNT yarns. The untwisted CNT yarns have been manufactured by drawing CNTs through a die from vertically aligned CNT arrays. In this study, the densified untwisted CNT yarns with a polymer treatment were fabricated. The tensile strength and the elastic modulus of the yarns were improved significantly by the treatment, and they were 1.9 GPa and 140 GPa, respectively. Moreover, the polymer treatment prevented the CNT yarns from swelling due to impregnation of the matrix resin. Finally, the high strength CNT yarn composites which have higher volume fraction than a conventional method were successfully fabricated.

scholarly journals Role of Cellulose Nanofibrils in Improving the Strength Properties of Papers: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thabisile Brightwell Jele ◽  
Prabashni Lekha ◽  
Bruce Sithole
Keyword(s):  
Cellulose Nanofibrils ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Tear Index ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Breaking Length

Abstract The pursuit for sustainability in the papermaking industry calls for the elimination or reduction of synthetic additives and the exploration of renewable and biodegradable alternatives. Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs), due to their inherent morphological and biochemical properties, are an excellent alternative to synthetic additives. These properties enable CNFs to improve the mechanical, functional and barrier properties of different types of paper. The nanosize diameter, micrometre length, semi-crystalline structure, high strength and modulus of CNFs has a direct influence on the mechanical properties of paper such as tensile index, burst index, Scott index, breaking length, tear index, Z-strength, E-modulus, strain at break, and tensile stiffness. This review details the role played by CNFs as an additive to improve strength properties of papers and the factors affecting the improvement in paper quality when CNFs are added as additives. The paper also includes techno-economic aspects of the process and identifies areas that need further research.

scholarly journals Development of Bio-Inspired Hierarchical Fibres to Tailor the Fibre/Matrix Interphase in (Bio)Composites

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 804
Author(s):  
Estelle Doineau ◽  
Bernard Cathala ◽  
Jean-Charles Benezet ◽  
Julien Bras ◽  
Nicolas Le Le Moigne
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Load Transfer ◽  
Hierarchical Structures ◽  
High Strength ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
High Performance Composite ◽  
Hierarchical Architectures ◽  
Mechanical Performances ◽  
Fibre Matrix

Several naturally occurring biological systems, such as bones, nacre or wood, display hierarchical architectures with a central role of the nanostructuration that allows reaching amazing properties such as high strength and toughness. Developing such architectures in man-made materials is highly challenging, and recent research relies on this concept of hierarchical structures to design high-performance composite materials. This review deals more specifically with the development of hierarchical fibres by the deposition of nano-objects at their surface to tailor the fibre/matrix interphase in (bio)composites. Fully synthetic hierarchical fibre reinforced composites are described, and the potential of hierarchical fibres is discussed for the development of sustainable biocomposite materials with enhanced structural performance. Based on various surface, microstructural and mechanical characterizations, this review highlights that nano-objects coated on natural fibres (carbon nanotubes, ZnO nanowires, nanocelluloses) can improve the load transfer and interfacial adhesion between the matrix and the fibres, and the resulting mechanical performances of biocomposites. Indeed, the surface topography of the fibres is modified with higher roughness and specific surface area, implying increased mechanical interlocking with the matrix. As a result, the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) between fibres and polymer matrices is enhanced, and failure mechanisms can be modified with a crack propagation occurring through a zig-zag path along interphases.

Role of graphene oxide on the tribological properties of CF reinforcement high strength glass fabric/phenolic laminate composites in water environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (7) ◽  
pp. 873-879
Author(s):  
Fengxiang Cao ◽  
Fengyuan Yan ◽  
Jianzhang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Glass Fabric ◽  
Laminate Composites ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Matrix

Purpose This paper aims to study the tribological properties of high strength glass fabric/phenolic laminate composites reinforced by carbon fiber (CF) with and without graphene oxide (GO) modified. Design/methodology/approach In this study, the tribological performance tests of the composites were conducted on a block-on-ring tester (MRH-03). The applied load, linear velocity and duration of time are 200 N, 0.5 m/s and 120 min, respectively. The friction coefficient and specific wear rate were shown. Findings The optimal content of GO on CFs is 0.2 per cent mass fraction. The optimal content of GO addition means the strongest interfacial adhesion between the CF and the matrix. Originality/value The main originality of this paper is to reveal the effect of surface GO on CF on the tribological properties of fabric-reinforced composites. Peer review The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-07-2019-0273/

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