scholarly journals Initial soil microbiome composition and functioning predetermine future plant health

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. eaaw0759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong Wei ◽  
Yian Gu ◽  
Ville-Petri Friman ◽  
George A. Kowalchuk ◽  
Yangchun Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogen ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Soil Microbiome ◽  
Antimicrobial Compounds ◽  
Disease Dynamics ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Disease Outcomes ◽  
Initial Soil ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Plant Pathogen Interactions

Plant-pathogen interactions are shaped by multiple environmental factors, making it difficult to predict disease dynamics even in relatively simple agricultural monocultures. Here, we explored how variation in the initial soil microbiome predicts future disease outcomes at the level of individual plants. We found that the composition and functioning of the initial soil microbiome predetermined whether the plants survived or succumbed to disease. Surviving plant microbiomes were associated with specific rare taxa, highly pathogen-suppressing Pseudomonas and Bacillus bacteria, and high abundance of genes encoding antimicrobial compounds. Microbiome-mediated plant protection could subsequently be transferred to the next plant generation via soil transplantation. Together, our results suggest that small initial variation in soil microbiome composition and functioning can determine the outcomes of plant-pathogen interactions under natural field conditions.

Hyperspectral Sensors and Imaging Technologies in Phytopathology: State of the Art

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 535-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.-K. Mahlein ◽  
M.T. Kuska ◽  
J. Behmann ◽  
G. Polder ◽  
A. Walter
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogen ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Plant Phenotyping ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Imaging Technologies ◽  
Hyperspectral Sensors ◽  
Plant Pathogen Interactions

Plant disease detection represents a tremendous challenge for research and practical applications. Visual assessment by human raters is time-consuming, expensive, and error prone. Disease rating and plant protection need new and innovative techniques to address forthcoming challenges and trends in agricultural production that require more precision than ever before. Within this context, hyperspectral sensors and imaging techniques—intrinsically tied to efficient data analysis approaches—have shown an enormous potential to provide new insights into plant-pathogen interactions and for the detection of plant diseases. This article provides an overview of hyperspectral sensors and imaging technologies for assessing compatible and incompatible plant-pathogen interactions. Within the progress of digital technologies, the vision, which is increasingly discussed in the society and industry, includes smart and intuitive solutions for assessing plant features in plant phenotyping or for making decisions on plant protection measures in the context of precision agriculture.

scholarly journals Soil microbial diversity impacts plant microbiota more than herbivory

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonino Malacrinò ◽  
Alison Karley ◽  
Leonardo Schena ◽  
Alison Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽  
Soil Microbiome ◽  
Soil Microbial Diversity ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Soil Microbial

Interactions between plants and microbiomes play a key role in ecosystem functioning and are of broad interest due to their influence on nutrient cycling and plant protection. However, we do not yet have a complete understanding of how plant microbiomes are assembled. Here, we tested and quantified the effect of different factors driving the diversity and composition of plant-associated microbial communities. We manipulated soil microbial diversity (high or low diversity), plant species (Solanum tuberosum or Solanum vernei), and herbivory (presence or absence of a phloem-feeding insect Macrosiphum euphorbiae), and found that soil microbial diversity influenced the herbivore-associated microbiome composition, but also plant species and herbivory influenced the soil microbiome composition. We quantified the relative strength of these effects and demonstrated that the initial soil microbiome diversity explained the most variation in plant- and herbivore-associated microbial communities. Our findings strongly suggest that soil microbial community diversity is a driver of the composition of multiple associated microbiomes (plant and insect), and this has implications for the importance of management of soil microbiomes in multiple systems.

scholarly journals Soil microbial diversity impacts plant microbiomes more than herbivory

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonino Malacrinò ◽  
Alison J. Karley ◽  
Leonardo Schena ◽  
Alison E. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Relative Strength ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Soil Microbiome ◽  
Soil Microbial Diversity ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Soil Microbial

AbstractInteractions between plants and microbiomes play a key role in ecosystem functioning, and are of broad interest due to their influence on nutrient cycling and plant protection. However, we do not yet have a complete understanding of how plant microbiomes are assembled. Here, for the first time, we show interactions between plant-associated microbial communities that drive their diversity and community composition. We manipulated soil microbial diversity, plant species, and herbivory, and found that soil microbial diversity influenced the herbivore-associated microbiome composition, but also plant species and herbivory influenced the soil microbiome composition. We used a novel approach, quantifying the relative strength of these effects, and demonstrated that the initial soil microbiome diversity explained the most variation in plant- and herbivore-associated microbial communities. Our findings strongly suggest that soil microbial community diversity is a driver of the composition of multiple associated microbiomes (plant and insect), and this has implications for the importance of management of soil microbiomes in multiple systems.

scholarly journals Application of small RNAs for plant protection

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-482
Author(s):  
Polina Ya. Tretiakova ◽  
Aleksandr A. Soloviev
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Plant Pathogen ◽  
Small Rnas ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Plant Pathogen Interactions ◽  
Regulatory Functions

Double-stranded small RNAs (dsRNA) perform various regulatory functions via RNA-interference. Additionally, they can be transported between various plant species and their pathogens and pests via extracellular vesicles, protecting RNA from nucleases. Plants secrete short dsRNA molecules to defend themselves against pathogens. The latter also use small RNAs when infecting crops. Some dsRNAs of pathogens are known as ribonucleic effectors. Host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) was shown to be effective when breeding resistant varieties and analyzing plant-pathogen interactions. However, complexity of transgenesis and society fear of genetically modified products make HIGS application difficult. The appearance of a new strategy based on plant spraying with dsRNA gave a new perspective of plant protection. Currently such a strategy requires accurate studying as well as the development of efficient systems stably producing high-quality dsRNA.

scholarly journals Plant SWEETs: from sugar transport to plant–pathogen interaction and more unexpected physiological roles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Breia ◽  
Artur Conde ◽  
Hélder Badim ◽  
Ana Margarida Fortes ◽  
Hernâni Gerós ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogen ◽  
Sugar Transport ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Phloem Loading ◽  
Transcription Activator ◽  
Pythium Irregulare ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Opposite Behavior ◽  
Plant Pathogen Interaction ◽  
Plant Pathogen Interactions

Abstract Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporters (SWEETs) have important roles in numerous physiological mechanisms where sugar efflux is critical, including phloem loading, nectar secretion, seed nutrient filling, among other less expected functions. They mediate low affinity and high capacity transport, and in angiosperms this family is composed by 20 paralogs on average. As SWEETs facilitate the efflux of sugars, they are highly susceptible to hijacking by pathogens, making them central players in plant–pathogen interaction. For instance, several species from the Xanthomonas genus are able to upregulate the transcription of SWEET transporters in rice (Oryza sativa), upon the secretion of transcription-activator-like effectors. Other pathogens, such as Botrytis cinerea or Erysiphe necator, are also capable of increasing SWEET expression. However, the opposite behavior has been observed in some cases, as overexpression of the tonoplast AtSWEET2 during Pythium irregulare infection restricted sugar availability to the pathogen, rendering plants more resistant. Therefore, a clear-cut role for SWEET transporters during plant–pathogen interactions has so far been difficult to define, as the metabolic signatures and their regulatory nodes, which decide the susceptibility or resistance responses, remain poorly understood. This fuels the still ongoing scientific question: what roles can SWEETs play during plant–pathogen interaction? Likewise, the roles of SWEET transporters in response to abiotic stresses are little understood. Here, in addition to their relevance in biotic stress, we also provide a small glimpse of SWEETs importance during plant abiotic stress, and briefly debate their importance in the particular case of grapevine (Vitis vinifera) due to its socioeconomic impact.

scholarly journals Visualising the ionome in resistant and susceptible plant‐pathogen interactions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.M. Brouwer ◽  
P. Lindqvist‐Reis ◽  
D. Pergament Persson ◽  
S. Marttila ◽  
L.J. Grenville‐Briggs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogen ◽  
Susceptible Plant ◽  
Plant Pathogen Interactions

Advances in functional proteomics to study plant-pathogen interactions

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 102061
Author(s):  
James M. Elmore ◽  
Brianna D. Griffin ◽  
Justin W. Walley
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogen ◽  
Functional Proteomics ◽  
Plant Pathogen Interactions
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