scholarly journals Hydrogel 3D printing with the capacitor edge effect

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. eaau8769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jikun Wang ◽  
Tongqing Lu ◽  
Meng Yang ◽  
Danqi Sun ◽  
Yukun Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Edge Effect ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Display Device ◽  
Hydrogel Scaffold ◽  
Printing System ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Ionic Devices ◽  
Printing Techniques

Recent decades have seen intense developments of hydrogel applications for cell cultures, tissue engineering, soft robotics, and ionic devices. Advanced fabrication techniques for hydrogel structures are being developed to meet user-specified requirements. Existing hydrogel 3D printing techniques place substantial constraints on the physical and chemical properties of hydrogel precursors as well as the printed hydrogel structures. This study proposes a novel method for patterning liquids with a resolution of 100 μm by using the capacitor edge effect. We establish a complete hydrogel 3D printing system combining the patterning and stacking processes. This technique is applicable to a wide variety of hydrogels, overcoming the limitations of existing techniques. We demonstrate printed hydrogel structures including a hydrogel scaffold, a hydrogel composite that responds sensitively to temperature, and an ionic high-integrity hydrogel display device. The proposed technique offers great opportunities in rapid prototyping hydrogel devices using multiple compositions and complex geometries.

scholarly journals Performance Study of Grass-Derived Nano-Cellulose and Polycaprolactone Composites for 3D Printing

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1273
Author(s):  
Chen Feng ◽  
Jiping Zhou ◽  
Xiaodong Xu ◽  
Yani Jiang ◽  
Hongcan Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
Compression Process ◽  
Ansys Fluent ◽  
Nano Cellulose ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

In recent years, 3D printing has received increasing attention from researchers. This technology overcomes the limitations of traditional technologies by printing precise and personalized scaffold with arbitrary shapes, pore structures, and porosities for the applications in various tissues. The cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) is extracted from Humulus Japonicus (HJS) and mixed with poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) to prepare a series of CNC/PCL composites for printing. Based on the analysis of the physical and chemical properties of the series of the CNC/PCL composites, an optimal mass ratio of CNC to PCL was obtained. The Solidworks was used to simulate the stretching and compression process of the scaffolds with three different patterns under an external force. The flow of nutrient solution in the scaffolds with different patterns was simulated by ANSYS FLUENT, and then a new optimization scaffold pattern with a concave hexagon shape was advised based on the simulation results. Collectively, the mechanical test results of the material and scaffold confirmed that the optimal filling amount of the CNC was 5%, and the scaffold pattern with concave hexagon shape exhibited better mechanical properties and suitable for the transport of cells and nutrients, which is expected to be more widely used in 3D printing.

scholarly journals Indirect fabrication of versatile 3D microfluidic device by a rotating plate combined 3D printing system

RSC Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (66) ◽  
pp. 37693-37699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-Heon Ha ◽  
Dong-Hyeon Ko ◽  
Jin-oh Kim ◽  
Do Jin Im ◽  
Byoung Soo Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Microfluidic Device ◽  
Chemical Resistance ◽  
Microfluidic Devices ◽  
On Demand ◽  
System P ◽  
Printing System ◽  
Sacrificial Materials ◽  
Printing Techniques ◽  
Rotating Plate

Rapid on-demand sacrificial printing techniques using suitable combinations of resin and sacrificial materials would be desirable to fabricate versatile and functional microfluidic devices with complex designs and chemical resistance.

scholarly journals The novel method to reduce the silica content in lignin recovered from black liquor originating from rice straw

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nghi H. Do ◽  
Hieu H. Pham ◽  
Tan M. Le ◽  
Jeroen Lauwaert ◽  
Ludo Diels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Alkaline Treatment ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
Silica Removal ◽  
High Silica ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Physical And Chemical

AbstractDifficulties in the production of lignin from rice straw because of high silica content in the recovered lignin reduce its recovery yield and applications as bio-fuel and aromatic chemicals. Therefore, the objective of this study is to develop a novel method to reduce the silica content in lignin from rice straw more effectively and selectively. The method is established by monitoring the precipitation behavior as well as the chemical structure of precipitate by single-stage acidification at different pH values of black liquor collected from the alkaline treatment of rice straw. The result illustrates the significant influence of pH on the physical and chemical properties of the precipitate and the supernatant. The simple two-step acidification of the black liquor at pilot-scale by sulfuric acid 20w/v% is applied to recover lignin at pH 9 and pH 3 and gives a percentage of silica removal as high as 94.38%. Following the developed process, the high-quality lignin could be produced from abundant rice straw at the industrial-scale.

Superdeep Penetration - Novel Method of Nanoreinforced Composites Producing Based on Metallic, Ceramic and Polymer Matrixes

2009 ◽  
Vol 79-82 ◽  
pp. 1975-1978
Author(s):  
Oleg Figovsky ◽  
Sergey Usherenko
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Superdeep Penetration ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Now there is a motivation for creation of the materials possessing a considerable difference of physical and chemical properties in volume of composite materials 1 . Composite materials allow realizing a complex of various properties which cannot be realized simultaneously in mono material. The perspective in reception of a new smart nanomaterial is basically defined by possibilities which create processing conditions Choosing and manufacturing of fibers refers to the second stage of composite material reinforcement. Process of assemblage of a composite material from the details made at first two stages of process refers to the third stage. But at each stage of process of manufacturing of a composite material there are specific problems. The basic problem at composite material creation, as a rule, is essential contradictions between engineering solutions for various stages of process.

scholarly journals Materials for Respiratory Masks in the Context of COVID 19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 236-247
Author(s):  
Nadinne Roman ◽  
Dan Cojocaru ◽  
Claudiu Coman ◽  
Angela Repanovici ◽  
Santiago Ferrandiz Bou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and the lack of protective equipment worldwide, we aimed to study the literature for finding guidelines in the 3D manufacture of respiratory masks. We have searched for papers in CI-EXPANDED, SSCI, A&HCI, CPCI-S, CPCI-SSH, BKCI-S, BKCI-SSH, ESCI, CCR-EXPANDED, IC, using 3D printing materials sterilization and 3D printing materials disinfection keywords. From 80 results in databases, after refining, we selected six papers. We have also searched for manufacturers information regarding 3D printing materials sterilization or disinfection. We have found seven materials that are suitable for 3D printing and sterilization, with regards to multiple utilizations. Analyzing the properties and recommendations for sterilization of elements obtained by 3D printing, a thorough filaments structures/behavior research for most of the 3D models for printing is needed regarding synthetic polymers suitable for 3D printing; also, to establish the physical and chemical properties resulted after the reactions with sterilizing substances. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the authors want to help and find guidelines in the 3D manufacture for producing respiratory masks.

On Extremal Graphs of Degree Distance Index by Using Edge-Grafting Transformations Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Imran ◽  
Shehnaz Akhtar ◽  
Uzma Ahmad ◽  
Sarfraz Ahmad ◽  
Ahsan Bilal
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Extremal Graphs ◽  
Graph Invariant ◽  
Degree Of Vertex ◽  
Degree Distance ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties ◽  
Domination Numbers

Background: Topological indices have numerous implementations in chemistry, biology and in lot of other areas. It is a real number associated to a graph, which provides information about its physical and chemical properties and their correlations. For a connected graph H, the degree distance defined as DD(H)=∑_(\h_1,h_2⊆V(H))〖(〖deg〗_H (h_1 )+〖deg〗_H (h_2 )) d_H (h_1,h_2 ) 〗, where 〖deg〗_H (h_1 ) is the degree of vertex h_1and d_H (h_1,h_2 ) is the distance between h_1and h_2in the graph H. Aim and Objective: In this article, we characterize some extremal trees with respect to degree distance index which has a lot of applications in theoretical and computational chemistry. Materials and Methods: A novel method of edge-grafting transformations is used. We discuss the behavior of DD index under four edge-grafting transformations. Results: By the help of those transformations, we derive some extremal trees under certain parameters including pendant vertices, diameter, matching and domination numbers. Some extremal trees for this graph invariant are also characterized. Conclusion: It is shown that balanced spider approaches to the smallest DD index among trees having given fixed leaves. The tree Cn,d has the smallest DD index, among the all trees of diameter d. It is also proved that the matching number and domination numbers are equal for trees having minimum DD index.

scholarly journals 3D-Printed Microfluidics and Potential Biomedical Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Prabhakar ◽  
Raj Kumar Sen ◽  
Neeraj Dwivedi ◽  
Raju Khan ◽  
Pratima R. Solanki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Microfluidic Devices ◽  
Microfluidic Chips ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
Broad Variety ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Diagnostic Technologies ◽  
Printing Techniques

3D printing is a smart additive manufacturing technique that allows the engineering of biomedical devices that are usually difficult to design using conventional methodologies such as machining or molding. Nowadays, 3D-printed microfluidics has gained enormous attention due to their various advantages including fast production, cost-effectiveness, and accurate designing of a range of products even geometrically complex devices. In this review, we focused on the recent significant findings in the field of 3D-printed microfluidic devices for biomedical applications. 3D printers are used as fabrication tools for a broad variety of systems for a range of applications like diagnostic microfluidic chips to detect different analytes, for example, glucose, lactate, and glutamate and the biomarkers related to different clinically relevant diseases, for example, malaria, prostate cancer, and breast cancer. 3D printers can print various materials (inorganic and polymers) with varying density, strength, and chemical properties that provide users with a broad variety of strategic options. In this article, we have discussed potential 3D printing techniques for the fabrication of microfluidic devices that are suitable for biomedical applications. Emerging diagnostic technologies using 3D printing as a method for integrating living cells or biomaterials into 3D printing are also reviewed.

scholarly journals Zhang–Zhang Polynomials of Multiple Zigzag Chains Revisited: A Connection with the John–Sachs Theorem

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2524
Author(s):  
Henryk A. Witek
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Zigzag Chain ◽  
Formal Proofs ◽  
Graphene Flakes ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Spin Densities

Multiple zigzag chains Zm,n of length n and width m constitute an important class of regular graphene flakes of rectangular shape. The physical and chemical properties of these basic pericondensed benzenoids can be related to their various topological invariants, conveniently encoded as the coefficients of a combinatorial polynomial, usually referred to as the ZZ polynomial of multiple zigzag chains Zm,n. The current study reports a novel method for determination of these ZZ polynomials based on a hypothesized extension to John–Sachs theorem, used previously to enumerate Kekulé structures of various benzenoid hydrocarbons. We show that the ZZ polynomial of the Zm,n multiple zigzag chain can be conveniently expressed as a determinant of a Toeplitz (or almost Toeplitz) matrix of size m2×m2 consisting of simple hypergeometric polynomials. The presented analysis can be extended to generalized multiple zigzag chains Zkm,n, i.e., derivatives of Zm,n with a single attached polyacene chain of length k. All presented formulas are accompanied by formal proofs. The developed theoretical machinery is applied for predicting aromaticity distribution patterns in large and infinite multiple zigzag chains Zm,n and for computing the distribution of spin densities in biradical states of finite multiple zigzag chains Zm,n.

A Novel Method to Reconstruct the Force Curve by Higher Harmonics of the First Two Flexural Modes in Frequency Modulation Atomic Force Microscope (FM-AFM)

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suoxin Zhang ◽  
Jianqiang Qian ◽  
Yingzi Li ◽  
Yingxu Zhang ◽  
Zhenyu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscope ◽  
Frequency Modulation ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Force Curve ◽  
Higher Harmonics ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Full Force ◽  
Physical And Chemical

AbstractAtomic force microscope (AFM) is an idealized tool to measure the physical and chemical properties of the sample surfaces by reconstructing the force curve, which is of great significance to materials science, biology, and medicine science. Frequency modulation atomic force microscope (FM-AFM) collects the frequency shift as feedback thus having high force sensitivity and it accomplishes a true noncontact mode, which means great potential in biological sample detection field. However, it is a challenge to establish the relationship between the cantilever properties observed in practice and the tip–sample interaction theoretically. Moreover, there is no existing method to reconstruct the force curve in FM-AFM combining the higher harmonics and the higher flexural modes. This paper proposes a novel method that a full force curve can be reconstructed by any order higher harmonics of the first two flexural modes under any vibration amplitude in FM-AFM. Moreover, in the small amplitude regime, short range forces are reconstructed more accurately by higher harmonics analysis compared with fundamental harmonics using the Sader–Jarvis formula.

Statistical criteria of stellar population types

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
W. Iwanowska
Keyword(s):  
Stellar Population ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Spectrophotometric Study ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Population Type ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Distribution Parameters ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Statistical Criteria ◽  
And Chemical Properties

In connection with the spectrophotometric study of population-type characteristics of various kinds of stars, a statistical analysis of kinematical and distribution parameters of the same stars is performed at the Toruń Observatory. This has a twofold purpose: first, to provide a practical guide in selecting stars for observing programmes, second, to contribute to the understanding of relations existing between the physical and chemical properties of stars and their kinematics and distribution in the Galaxy.

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