scholarly journals MoS2 pixel arrays for real-time photoluminescence imaging of redox molecules

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. eaat9476 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Reynolds ◽  
M. H. D. Guimarães ◽  
H. Gao ◽  
K. Kang ◽  
A. J. Cortese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Chemical Potential ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Redox Active ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Chemical And Biological Systems ◽  
Redox Molecules ◽  
Fluorescent Molecules ◽  
Molecule Concentration

Measuring the behavior of redox-active molecules in space and time is crucial for understanding chemical and biological systems and for developing new technologies. Optical schemes are noninvasive and scalable, but usually have a slow response compared to electrical detection methods. Furthermore, many fluorescent molecules for redox detection degrade in brightness over long exposure times. Here, we show that the photoluminescence of “pixel” arrays of monolayer MoS2 can image spatial and temporal changes in redox molecule concentration. Because of the strong dependence of MoS2 photoluminescence on doping, changes in the local chemical potential substantially modulate the photoluminescence of MoS2, with a sensitivity of 0.9 mV/Hz on a 5 μm × 5 μm pixel, corresponding to better than parts-per-hundred changes in redox molecule concentration down to nanomolar concentrations at 100-ms frame rates. This provides a new strategy for visualizing chemical reactions and biomolecules with a two-dimensional material screen.

HYBRID SILICON-MOLECULAR ELECTRONICS

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 1183-1202 ◽  
Author(s):  
QILIANG LI
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Electronics ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Electronic System ◽  
Cmos Technology ◽  
Smooth Transition ◽  
Molecular Memory ◽  
Molecular Systems ◽  
Redox Active ◽  
Hybrid Silicon ◽  
Intensive Investigation

As CMOS technology extends beyond the current technology node, many challenges to conventional MOSFET were raised. Non-classical CMOS to extend and fundamentally new technologies to replace current CMOS technology are under intensive investigation to meet these challenges. The approach of hybrid silicon/molecular electronics is to provide a smooth transition technology by integrating molecular intrinsic scalability and diverse properties with the vast infrastructure of traditional MOS technology. Here we discuss: (1) the integration of redox-active molecules into Si -based structures, (2) characterization and modeling of the properties of these Si /molecular systems, (3) single and multiple states of Si /molecular memory, and (4) applications based on hybrid Si /molecular electronic system.

Nanomaterials combine multiple therapeutic approaches for cancer cell multidrug resistance, ferroptotic cell death is promising in various cancers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moataz Dowaidar
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Combination Strategies ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Chemotherapy Patients

Cancer cell multidrug resistance (MDR) is one of the most significant barriers to chemotherapy patients' ability to treat malignant tumors.This review first discusses the basic processes of MDR and then details the newest usage of nanomaterials combining multiple therapeutic approaches (e.g. PDT, PTT, gas therapy, gene therapy, and CDT) with MDR chemotherapy. We also analyze the advantages and rationales of these combination systems and why they can reduce MDR cancer cells. Currently, together with various new treatment approaches, MDR-related chemotherapeutic research is gaining momentum in search of better therapeutic results. PDT, for example, has the ability to eliminate high-efficiency multidrug-resistant malignancies but has limited relevance to tumor treatment. In this perspective, SDT is a highly promising approach as it increases ROS production utilizing ultrasonic vibrations, allowing magnitude orders to reach deeper than light. PTT is also often criticized for NIR light's restricted penetration depth; thermomagnetic therapy, using magnetic fields to produce local tissue hyperthermia, can considerably alleviate this problem. However, current research on the possibilities of using these new technologies to fight MDR remains rather rare, and more combination strategies should be carefully investigated in the future. Moreover, ongoing discoveries of cell death pathways, highlighted by recent ferroptosis findings, present a new strategy for our battle against MDR and may revolutionize our knowledge of MDR formation. Ferroptotic cell death promises to treat MDR in various cancers. While most of this cutting-edge research is still in its infancy, we anticipate gaining a deeper understanding of the effectiveness of these revolutionary anti-MDR medicines in the near future.

scholarly journals Regarding Toxin Detection Mechanisms for Harmful Algae Blooms and Current Device Apparatuses or Development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Kamal
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Harmful Algae Blooms ◽  
Toxin Detection ◽  
Algae Blooms ◽  
Network Latency ◽  
Wet Chemical ◽  
Detection Mechanisms ◽  
Current Device

Current toxin detection mechanisms are insufficient in comparison to a software defined networking system with P2P compatibility in regards to real time detection. In regards to current mechanisms, this involves both wet chemical as well as physical devices and/or buoys. The introduction of new technologies in regards to network latency in relation to novel detection methods is what will be the cornerstone of this research. The importance of this field is to draw conclusions in regards to technological implementations in relation to detection, time, network latency and quality of the data.

scholarly journals Cross talk between Ca 2+ and redox signalling cascades in muscle and neurons through the combined activation of ryanodine receptors/Ca 2+ release channels

2005 ◽  
Vol 360 (1464) ◽  
pp. 2237-2246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Hidalgo
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Neuronal Plasticity ◽  
Calcium Release ◽  
Ryanodine Receptors ◽  
Nitrogen Species ◽  
Redox Modulation ◽  
Redox Active ◽  
Signalling Cascades ◽  
Sequential Activation ◽  
Redox Molecules

Calcium release mediated by the ryanodine receptors (RyR) Ca 2+ release channels is required for muscle contraction and contributes to neuronal plasticity. In particular, Ca 2+ activation of RyR-mediated Ca 2+ release can amplify and propagate Ca 2+ signals initially generated by Ca 2+ entry into cells. Redox modulation of RyR function by a variety of non-physiological or endogenous redox molecules has been reported. The effects of RyR redox modification on Ca 2+ release in skeletal muscle as well as the activation of signalling cascades and transcription factors in neurons will be reviewed here. Specifically, the different effects of S -nitrosylation or S -glutathionylation of RyR cysteines by endogenous redox-active agents on the properties of skeletal muscle RyRs will be discussed. Results will be presented indicating that these cysteine modifications change the activity of skeletal muscle RyRs, modify their behaviour towards both activators and inhibitors and affect their interactions with FKBP12 and calmodulin. In the hippocampus, sequential activation of ERK1/2 and CREB is a requisite for Ca 2+ -dependent gene expression associated with long-lasting synaptic plasticity. The effects of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species on RyR channels from neurons and RyR-mediated sequential activation of neuronal ERK1/2 and CREB produced by hydrogen peroxide and other stimuli will be discussed as well.

Vibration control for slotted plate using structural intensity method

2018 ◽  
Vol 07 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 1850006
Author(s):  
Xiangyu Du ◽  
Rong Huang ◽  
Balaji Vengatachalam ◽  
Zishun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Vibration Control ◽  
Chemical Potential ◽  
Optimal Position ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Structural Intensity ◽  
Exciting Frequency ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Slotted Plate ◽  
Vibration Performance ◽  
Excitation Conditions

In this paper, we study the vibration performance of simply supported slotted plate using structural intensity (SI) method. First, the SI distribution of the slotted plate under given excitation for different slot depths is obtained using finite element methods. The SI streamline of each case shows that the SI distribution can be significantly affected by adjusting the slot depth. The optimal position of dampers which can effectively implement vibration control of slotted plate for the fixed value of exciting frequency can be obtained from the SI streamline distribution. In case of changing vibrating frequencies, a new strategy of vibration control by adding soft material (hydrogel) layers is proposed. The main advantage of this strategy is that the properties of hydrogel can be easily adjusted by changing the chemical potential, thereby achieving the desired vibration control for different excitation conditions. The effectiveness of the proposed vibration control using hydrogel layers is investigated using SI method. The SI distribution and SI streamlines of the slotted plate with the new vibration control show that the proposed strategy is convenient. Our proposed method conceptualizes a new approach toward vibration control using constrained hydrogel layer.

scholarly journals Non-Destructive Technologies for Detecting Insect Infestation in Fruits and Vegetables under Postharvest Conditions: A Critical Review

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akinbode A. Adedeji ◽  
Nader Ekramirad ◽  
Ahmed Rady ◽  
Ali Hamidisepehr ◽  
Kevin D. Donohue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Quality ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Fresh Produce ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Insect Infestation ◽  
Noninvasive Methods ◽  
Synthetic Chemicals ◽  
Non Destructive

In the last two decades, food scientists have attempted to develop new technologies that can improve the detection of insect infestation in fruits and vegetables under postharvest conditions using a multitude of non-destructive technologies. While consumers’ expectations for higher nutritive and sensorial value of fresh produce has increased over time, they have also become more critical on using insecticides or synthetic chemicals to preserve food quality from insects’ attacks or enhance the quality attributes of minimally processed fresh produce. In addition, the increasingly stringent quarantine measures by regulatory agencies for commercial import–export of fresh produce needs more reliable technologies for quickly detecting insect infestation in fruits and vegetables before their commercialization. For these reasons, the food industry investigates alternative and non-destructive means to improve food quality. Several studies have been conducted on the development of rapid, accurate, and reliable insect infestation monitoring systems to replace invasive and subjective methods that are often inefficient. There are still major limitations to the effective in-field, as well as postharvest on-line, monitoring applications. This review presents a general overview of current non-destructive techniques for the detection of insect damage in fruits and vegetables and discusses basic principles and applications. The paper also elaborates on the specific post-harvest fruit infestation detection methods, which include principles, protocols, specific application examples, merits, and limitations. The methods reviewed include those based on spectroscopy, imaging, acoustic sensing, and chemical interactions, with greater emphasis on the noninvasive methods. This review also discusses the current research gaps as well as the future research directions for non-destructive methods’ application in the detection and classification of insect infestation in fruits and vegetables.

Prediction of Gas Transport Through Ground and Atmosphere to Determine the Ability of Airborne Leak Detection Methods to Detect Pin-Hole Leaks From Buried Gas Pipelines

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. Botros ◽  
C. J. Ennis ◽  
J. Zhou ◽  
B. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Gas Transport ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Leak Detection ◽  
Leak Rate ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Governing Equations ◽  
Solution Techniques

New technologies for airborne detection of gas pipeline leaks have been introduced to the pipeline industry and have undergone several field-testing attempts. These technologies are based on an airborne detection device mounted on a small aircraft flying along the right of way (ROW) of the pipeline. It is proposed that during initial commissioning of the pipeline, leak testing is performed by first pressurizing the pipeline section with natural gas, and then launching an airborne leak detection aircraft to fly along the ROW in multiple passes. A delay between the completion of the pipe section pressurization and the launching of the leak detection aircraft is required in order to establish a discernable concentration of methane in the atmosphere. This ‘wait time’ includes the time required for the leak to penetrate upwards through the backfill to the ground surface and to subsequently diffuse into the atmosphere. Accuracy and reliability of these technologies clearly depend on the leak rate (i.e. leak hole size and line pressure), the depth and properties of the backfill, atmospheric conditions, prevailing wind speed and direction, and the properties of air including diffusion parameters of natural gas into air. Additionally, the accuracy of these airborne methods also depends on the altitude at which the aircraft is flying along the pipeline ROW and the degree of offset of the flight path from the centerline of the ROW. The present paper outlines the fundamental governing equations and solution techniques to predict the temporal-spatial-dependent diffusion of gas leakage from a pinhole into the ground. The mechanism of the gas transport through the ground, whether it is advective or diffusive, is dependent on the Pe´clet number, which is predominantly driven by the leak rate. Likewise, the fundamental governing equations along with solution techniques to predict the diffusion of the breakthrough flux of gas at the ground level into the atmosphere are formulated. Results of the time for the gas to break through at ground level, the concentration and gas flux at ground level, and the vertical and lateral concentration profiles of the gas in the atmosphere are all presented to facilitate assessment of the sensitivity of the airborne leak detection methods to the different ground and atmospheric parameters for a given leak rate at a given source depth.

scholarly journals The Problems of Africa’s Industrialization Substitution Strategy and Reformation Needs

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-54
Author(s):  
Simeon Maxime Bikoue
Keyword(s):  
Regional Integration ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
International Market ◽  
Foreign Market ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Manufactured Products ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Out Of Africa ◽  
Fierce Competition ◽  
Infant Industries

This study showed that industrialisation by substitution of imports has been a failure in Africa and has made industries in this part of the world less competitive on the foreign market. As such, a different industrialisation strategy which in the context of globalisation of economies and the fierce competition of the international market reinforces the competitiveness of African countries. This new strategy was translated amongst others by the appropriation of new technologies, protection of infant industries, cloning of manufactured products imported out of Africa, regional integration and the culture of exporting manufactured products.

scholarly journals Engie: Business Model Transformation

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-167
Author(s):  
Jorge Hernando Cuñado ◽  
Jorge Colvin Díez ◽  
Javier Antonio Enríquez Román
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Business Model ◽  
Model Transformation ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Energy Company ◽  
New Strategy

This article reviews the business model transformation of a French energy company, Engie. The company is adapting to a new energy business environment characterized by three trends: decarbonisation, decentralisation and digitalization. In order to achieve this objective Engie has carried out a three-year plan (2016-2019) focusing on renewable energy sources, local energy generation and new technologies. The company has developed a new strategy for the period 2019-2021, the aim is to become the world leader in zero-carbon transition “as a service” assisting business and local authorities to reduce their carbon footprint in their operations. This implies an asset light strategy, Engie provides tailor-made solutions and expertise to their customers while partnering with the owners of renewable power sources. The company is in line with the environmental concerns of all its stakeholders and believes in the profitability of this new strategy, centred on renewable energy sources.

scholarly journals Finding new physics without learning about it: anomaly detection as a tool for searches at colliders

2021 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Crispim Romão ◽  
N. F. Castro ◽  
R. Pedro
Keyword(s):  
Anomaly Detection ◽  
New Physics ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Support Vector Data Description ◽  
Vector Data ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
New Strategy

AbstractIn this paper we propose a new strategy, based on anomaly detection methods, to search for new physics phenomena at colliders independently of the details of such new events. For this purpose, machine learning techniques are trained using Standard Model events, with the corresponding outputs being sensitive to physics beyond it. We explore three novel AD methods in HEP: Isolation Forest, Histogram-Based Outlier Detection, and Deep Support Vector Data Description; alongside the most customary Autoencoder. In order to evaluate the sensitivity of the proposed approach, predictions from specific new physics models are considered and compared to those achieved when using fully supervised deep neural networks. A comparison between shallow and deep anomaly detection techniques is also presented. Our results demonstrate the potential of semi-supervised anomaly detection techniques to extensively explore the present and future hadron colliders’ data.

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