scholarly journals Stability of Fe,Al-bearing bridgmanite in the lower mantle and synthesis of pure Fe-bridgmanite

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. e1600427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leyla Ismailova ◽  
Elena Bykova ◽  
Maxim Bykov ◽  
Valerio Cerantola ◽  
Catherine McCammon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ferric Iron ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Magnesium Silicate ◽  
Earth’S Mantle ◽  
Diamond Anvil ◽  
Laser Heated ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Iron Bearing ◽  
Tomography Data ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The physical and chemical properties of Earth’s mantle, as well as its dynamics and evolution, heavily depend on the phase composition of the region. On the basis of experiments in laser-heated diamond anvil cells, we demonstrate that Fe,Al-bearing bridgmanite (magnesium silicate perovskite) is stable to pressures over 120 GPa and temperatures above 3000 K. Ferric iron stabilizes Fe-rich bridgmanite such that we were able to synthesize pure iron bridgmanite at pressures between ~45 and 110 GPa. The compressibility of ferric iron–bearing bridgmanite is significantly different from any known bridgmanite, which has direct implications for the interpretation of seismic tomography data.

scholarly journals A Practical Review of the Laser-Heated Diamond Anvil Cell for University Laboratories and Synchrotron Applications

Crystals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Anzellini ◽  
Silvia Boccato
Keyword(s):  
Diamond Anvil Cell ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
In Situ Techniques ◽  
Diamond Anvil ◽  
Properties Of Materials ◽  
Laser Heated ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

In the past couple of decades, the laser-heated diamond anvil cell (combined with in situ techniques) has become an extensively used tool for studying pressure-temperature-induced evolution of various physical (and chemical) properties of materials. In this review, the general challenges associated with the use of the laser-heated diamond anvil cells are discussed together with the recent progress in the use of this tool combined with synchrotron X-ray diffraction and absorption spectroscopy.

scholarly journals Diamonds on Diamond: structural studies at extreme conditions on the Diamond Light Source

2015 ◽  
Vol 373 (2036) ◽  
pp. 20130158 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. McMahon
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Single Crystal Diffraction ◽  
Diamond Anvil ◽  
Properties Of Materials ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Extreme conditions (EC) research investigates how the structures and physical and chemical properties of materials change when subjected to extremes of pressure and temperature. Pressures in excess of one million times atmospheric pressure can be achieved using a diamond anvil cell, and, in combination with high-energy, micro-focused radiation from a third-generation synchrotron such as Diamond, detailed structural information can be obtained using either powder or single-crystal diffraction techniques. Here, I summarize some of the research drivers behind international EC research, and then briefly describe the techniques by which high-quality diffraction data are obtained. I then highlight the breadth of EC research possible on Diamond by summarizing four examples from work conducted on the I15 and I19 beamlines, including a study which resulted in the first research paper from Diamond. Finally, I look to the future, and speculate as to the type of EC research might be conducted at Diamond over the next 10 years.

scholarly journals Preparation and standardization of kasis bhasma by two different methods and its analytical study

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 213-216
Author(s):  
Manjiri Ranade ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Ferric Iron ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Pure Form ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Different ayurvedic texts have mentioned different methods of shodhan (Purification) and maran (incineration) of ayurvedic mineral preparations of kasis. Though different methods of shodhan and maran are described in various texts complete physio chemical standardization is necessary to prepare the pure form and for quality assurance as well as It is necessary to understand the chemical changes that take place after various ayurvedic processes. Aims and Objectives: 1. Procurement of grahya kasis from local market and its chemical analysis 2. Purification of kasis in dolayantra and its chemical analysis 3. Preparation of kasis bhasma by two methods given by ras tarangini and its chemical analysis. Setting and Design: observational analytical study. Place of study: Department of Rasa Shastra and BK, GS Ayurvedic medical college. Materials and methods: Ashudhha kasis is purified and subjected to incineration by two types, Snuhipatra swaras bhavana, and kanji and Nimbu swaras bhavana as given in rasa tarangini. Chemical composition of the raw form, pure form as well as two types of bhasmas is analyzed in laboratory. Results: 1. Analysis of kasis at each stage of its formation to kasis bhasma shows the changes in physical and chemical properties due to its transformation as it is heated thermal decomposition starts 2. The chemical analysis of kasis bhasma shows highest percentage of ferric iron in comparison with raw and shodhit form. 3. Chemical analysis of kasis bhasma obtained by incineration process, by Snuhipatra swaras bhavana, and kanji and Nimbu swaras bhavana does not show any notable difference in chemical composition. Both methods can be used to prepare kasis bhasma as per availability of bhavana dravya.

Statistical criteria of stellar population types

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
W. Iwanowska
Keyword(s):  
Stellar Population ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Spectrophotometric Study ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Population Type ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Distribution Parameters ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Statistical Criteria ◽  
And Chemical Properties

In connection with the spectrophotometric study of population-type characteristics of various kinds of stars, a statistical analysis of kinematical and distribution parameters of the same stars is performed at the Toruń Observatory. This has a twofold purpose: first, to provide a practical guide in selecting stars for observing programmes, second, to contribute to the understanding of relations existing between the physical and chemical properties of stars and their kinematics and distribution in the Galaxy.

Tailoring microstructures of materials through biomimetics

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 500-501
Author(s):  
Mehmet Sarikaya ◽  
Ilhan A. Aksay
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Design And Synthesis ◽  
Structure Sensitive ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
Methods Of Synthesis ◽  
Successive Level ◽  
Engineering Materials ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties ◽  
Synthesis Of Materials

Biomimetics involves investigation of structure, function, and methods of synthesis of biological composite materials. The goal is to apply this information to the design and synthesis of materials for engineering applications.Properties of engineering materials are structure sensitive through the whole spectrum of dimensions from nanometer to macro scale. The goal in designing and processing of technological materials, therefore, is to control microstructural evolution at each of these dimensions so as to achieve predictable physical and chemical properties. Control at each successive level of dimension, however, is a major challenge as is the retention of integrity between successive levels. Engineering materials are rarely fabricated to achieve more than a few of the desired properties and the synthesis techniques usually involve high temperature or low pressure conditions that are energy inefficient and environmentally damaging.In contrast to human-made materials, organisms synthesize composites whose intricate structures are more controlled at each scale and hierarchical order.

Response of corn (Zea mays L.) to various organic-based fertilizers in marginal upland of Sta. Rita, Samar

2017 ◽  
pp. 31-43
Author(s):  
Berta Ratilla ◽  
Loreme Cagande ◽  
Othello Capuno
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Total N ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Organic farming is one of the management strategies that improve productivity of marginal uplands. The study aimed to: (1) evaluate effects of various organic-based fertilizers on the growth and yield of corn; (2) determine the appropriate combination for optimum yield; and (3) assess changes on the soil physical and chemical properties. Experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design, with 3 replications and 7 treatments, namely; T0=(0-0-0); T1=1t ha-1 Evans + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T2=t ha-1 Wellgrow + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T3=15t ha-1 chicken dung; T4=10t ha-1 chicken dung + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T5=15t ha-1 Vermicast; and T6=10t ha-1 Vermicast + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1. Application of organic-based fertilizers with or without inorganic fertilizers promoted growth of corn than the control. But due to high infestation of corn silk beetle(Monolepta bifasciata Horns), its grain yield was greatly affected. In the second cropping, except for Evans, any of these fertilizers applied alone or combined with 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1 appeared appropriate in increasing corn earyield. Soil physical and chemical properties changed with addition of organic fertilizers. While bulk density decreased irrespective of treatments, pH, total N, available P and exchangeable K generally increased more with chicken dung application.

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