scholarly journals Self-propelled particles that transport cargo through flowing blood and halt hemorrhage

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (9) ◽  
pp. e1500379 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Baylis ◽  
Ju Hun Yeon ◽  
Max H. Thomson ◽  
Amir Kazerooni ◽  
Xu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Tranexamic Acid ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
Severe Hemorrhage ◽  
Traumatic Bleeding ◽  
Flowing Blood ◽  
Clot Blood ◽  
Uncontrolled Bleeding

Delivering therapeutics deep into damaged tissue during bleeding is challenging because of the outward flow of blood. When coagulants cannot reach and clot blood at its source, uncontrolled bleeding can occur and increase surgical complications and fatalities. Self-propelling particles have been proposed as a strategy for transporting agents upstream through blood. Many nanoparticle and microparticle systems exhibiting autonomous or collective movement have been developed, but propulsion has not been used successfully in blood or used in vivo to transport therapeutics. We show that simple gas-generating microparticles consisting of carbonate and tranexamic acid traveled through aqueous solutions at velocities of up to 1.5 cm/s and delivered therapeutics millimeters into the vasculature of wounds. The particles transported themselves through a combination of lateral propulsion, buoyant rise, and convection. When loaded with active thrombin, these particles worked effectively as a hemostatic agent and halted severe hemorrhage in multiple animal models of intraoperative and traumatic bleeding. Many medical applications have been suggested for self-propelling particles, and the findings of this study show that the active self-fueled transport of particles can function in vivo to enhance drug delivery.

Ultrasound-Mediated Drug Delivery in Cancer Therapy: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 7211-7230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nour M. Al Sawaftah ◽  
Ghaleb A. Husseini
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Targeted Drug Delivery ◽  
Controlled Drug Release ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
Adverse Side Effects ◽  
Medical Diagnostic ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Ultrasound Parameters

The use of ultrasound as a medical diagnostic tool began in the 1940s. Ever since, the medical applications of ultrasound have included imaging, tumor ablation, and lithotripsy; however, an ever-increasing body of literature demonstrates that ultrasound has potential in other medical applications, including targeted drug delivery. Site-specific drug delivery involves delivering drugs to diseased areas with a high degree of precision, which is particularly advantageous in cancer treatment as it would minimize the adverse side effects experienced by patients. This review addresses the ability of ultrasound to induce localized and controlled drug release from nanocarriers, namely micelles and liposomes, utilizing thermal and/or mechanical effects. The interactions of ultrasound with micelles and liposomes, the effects of the lipid composition, and ultrasound parameters on the release of encapsulated drugs are discussed. In addition, a survey of the literature detailing some in vitro and in vivo ultrasound triggered drug delivery systems is presented.

In vivo animal models for drug delivery across the lung mucosal barrier☆

2007 ◽  
Vol 59 (11) ◽  
pp. 1133-1151 ◽  
Author(s):  
S CRYAN ◽  
N SIVADAS ◽  
L GARCIACONTRERAS
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Mucosal Barrier ◽  
In Vivo Animal Models

Drug Delivery Systems: Application of Liposomal Anti-Tumor Agents to Neuroectodermal Cancer Treatment

2008 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Di Paolo ◽  
Fabio Pastorino ◽  
Chiara Brignole ◽  
Danilo Marimpietri ◽  
Monica Loi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Preclinical Research ◽  
Human Neuroblastoma ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Organ Specific

Disseminated neuroectoderma-derived tumors, mainly neuroblastoma in childhood and melanoma in the adulthood, are refractory to most current therapeutic regimens and hence the prognosis remains very poor. Preclinical research studies have indicated several agents that show promising therapeutic potential for these neoplasms. However, there appears to be a limitation to their in vivo applicability, mainly due to unfavorable pharmacokinetic properties that lead to insufficient drug delivery to the tumor or metastatic sites or to high systemic or organ-specific toxicity. In this scenario, the focus is on targeted cancer therapy. Encapsulating anticancer drugs in liposomes enables targeted drug delivery to tumor tissue and prevents damage to the normal surrounding tissue. Indeed, sterically stabilized liposomes have been shown to enhance the selective localization of entrapped drugs to solid tumors, with improvements in therapeutic indices. The identification of tumor-associated antigens and/or genes and the relative ease of manipulating the physicochemical features of liposome hold promise for the development of novel therapeutic strategies that selectively target tumor cells. Combined targeting is still investigated, especially the availability to simultaneously target and kill both the cancer cells and the tumor vasculature. Animal models make it possible to link molecular genetics and biochemistry information to the physiological basis of disease and are important predictive tools that offer a frontline testing system for studying the involvement of specific genes and the efficacy of novel therapeutics approaches. Relevant experimental models of human neuroblastoma and melanoma, which better reflect the tumor behavior in patients, are required to evaluate the effectiveness of the various targeted liposomal formulations and their possible systemic and organ-specific toxicity. The most multifunctional targeted liposomes are herein described, with primary attention on testing their efficacy in clinically relevant animal models for the treatment of neuroblastoma and melanoma.

scholarly journals Targeted Delivery of Narrow-Spectrum Protein Antibiotics to the Lower Gastrointestinal Tract in a Murine Model of Escherichia coli Colonization

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuria Carpena ◽  
Kerry Richards ◽  
Teresita D. J. Bello Gonzalez ◽  
Alberto Bravo-Blas ◽  
Nicholas G. Housden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Controlled Release ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Intestinal Colonization ◽  
Ph Responsive ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
E Coli

Bacteriocins are narrow-spectrum protein antibiotics that could potentially be used to engineer the human gut microbiota. However, technologies for targeted delivery of proteins to the lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract in preclinical animal models are currently lacking. In this work, we have developed methods for the microencapsulation of Escherichia coli targeting bacteriocins, colicin E9 and Ia, in a pH responsive formulation to allow their targeted delivery and controlled release in an in vivo murine model of E. coli colonization. Membrane emulsification was used to produce a water-in-oil emulsion with the water-soluble polymer subsequently cross-linked to produce hydrogel microcapsules. The microcapsule fabrication process allowed control of the size of the drug delivery system and a near 100% yield of the encapsulated therapeutic cargo. pH-triggered release of the encapsulated colicins was achieved using a widely available pH-responsive anionic copolymer in combination with alginate biopolymers. In vivo experiments using a murine E. coli intestinal colonization model demonstrated that oral delivery of the encapsulated colicins resulted in a significant decrease in intestinal colonization and reduction in E. coli shedding in the feces of the animals. Employing controlled release drug delivery systems such as that described here is essential to enable delivery of new protein therapeutics or other biological interventions for testing within small animal models of infection. Such approaches may have considerable value for the future development of strategies to engineer the human gut microbiota, which is central to health and disease.

Inorganic-organic Nanomaterials for Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 748-765
Author(s):  
Alaa A.A. Aljabali ◽  
Mohammad A. Obeid
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Cell Labeling ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Naturally Occurring

Background:: Surface modification of nanoparticles with targeting moieties can be achieved through bioconjugation chemistries to impart new Functionalities. Various polymeric nanoparticles have been used for the formulation of nanoparticles such as naturally-occurring protein cages, virus-like particles, polymeric saccharides, and liposomes. These polymers have been proven to be biocompatible, side effects free and degradable with no toxicity. Objectives:: This paper reviews available literature on the nanoparticles pharmaceutical and medical applications. The review highlights and updates the customized solutions for selective drug delivery systems that allow high-affinity binding between nanoparticles and the target receptors. Methods:: Bibliographic databases and web-search engines were used to retrieve studies that assessed the usability of nanoparticles in the pharmaceutical and medical fields. Data were extracted on each system in vivo and in vitro applications, its advantages and disadvantages, and its ability to be chemically and genetically modified to impart new functionalities. Finally, a comparison between naturally occurring and their synthetic counterparts was carried out. Results:: The results showed that nanoparticles-based systems could have promising applications in diagnostics, cell labeling, contrast agents (Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography), antimicrobial agents, and as drug delivery systems. However, precautions should be taken to avoid or minimize toxic effect or incompatibility of nanoparticles-based systems with the biological systems in case of pharmaceutical or medical applications. Conclusion:: This review presented a summary of recent developments in the field of pharmaceutical nanotechnology and highlighted the challenges and the merits that some of the nanoparticles- based systems both in vivo and in vitro systems.

Nanodiamond as a drug delivery vehicle and gene therapy tool

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moataz Dowaidar
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
Delivery Vehicle ◽  
Medication Delivery

Using nanodiamond (ND) as an effective medication delivery vehicle offers tremendous optimism and anticipation. This topic has received considerable attention despite being a relatively young field of nanodiamond research. Great efforts have concentrated on material development, surface conjugation, and cytotoxicity research, all aimed at using ND for bio/medical applications, notably in bioimaging and more effective drug administration. ND-mediated medication delivery has made considerable progress in the past decade. Different techniques of conjugating different ND surface medicines to ND-X complexes target different cancers or tumors; extremely favorable results were obtained from cell and animal models. While this affects the field of nanomedicine, it is not yet apparent whether and when clinical translations will occur. Many issues persist. Materials are the first issue. The Nanodiamond originates from numerous manufacturing firms in varied sizes and shapes, created with different techniques with different surfaces and impurities. It exhibits highly diverse surface characteristics and cytotoxicity. All applications must take care of the surface, conjugation and toxicity tests. It's time-consuming and cost-consuming, and outcomes vary. These add to the cost of developing an animal and clinical complex. To establish requirements for nanodiamond materials appropriate for medical use, characterization or regulation is essential. This helps to scale up and decrease manufacturing costs, and also to converge on the outcome for applications. Moreover, while numerous imaging and therapeutic applications have been made using ND to create ND-X for drug administration, the route to clinics seems hard. As a result, the majority of cellular and animal research is a short-term observation with no long-term safety evaluation.The maximum allowable dose of ND and medication inside the animal appears to be an important parameter for clinical translation; the outcome (or fate) and biodistribution of nanodiamond retention in the animal's body requires long-term evidence to support ND's safe therapeutic use.ND's future focus will be on bio/medical applications. Many concepts were accomplished at the animal model level. This feat will surely draw attention from pharmaceutical, medical, and material producers. Clinical translations are expected in the future as interdisciplinary efforts are incorporated into the development of ND-mediated drug delivery.Nanodiamond particle aggregation and well-dispersed nanodiamonds for bio/medical applications. Studies of numerous animal models of the biodistribution of ND throughout the animal's body and its long-term destiny in the organs. Controlled drug delivery through ND-mediated, pH-sensitive animal model delivery. Nanodiamond conjugation methods use covalent bonding or physical adsorption for distribution to optimize efficacy and decrease the adverse effects of anticancer medicines. Recently, advancements in ND-drugs have targeted various animal models of malignancies.of drugs supplied to target locations are more efficient, and drug retention in tumors is longer than a pure drug. Promising clinical translations.

scholarly journals Nanoporous Silicon as Drug Delivery Systems for Cancer Therapies

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sazan M. Haidary ◽  
Emma P. Córcoles ◽  
Nihad K. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Porous Silicon ◽  
Silicon Nanoparticles ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Electrochemical Anodization ◽  
Medical Applications

Porous silicon nanoparticles have been established as excellent candidates for medical applications as drug delivery devices, due to their excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and high surface area. The simple fabrication method by electrochemical anodization of silicon and its photoluminescent properties are some of the merits that have contributed to the increasing interest given to porous silicon. This paper presents the methods of fabrication, which can be customized to control the pore size, various chemical treatments used for the modification of silicon surfaces, and the characterization and pore morphology of silicon structures. Different approaches used for drug loading and the variety of coatings used for the controlled released are revised. The monitoring of the toxicity of silicon degradation products and the in vivo release of a drug in a specific site are described taking into account its significance on medical applications, specifically on cancer therapy.

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