scholarly journals Long-Term Nicotine Treatment Differentially Regulates Striatal α6α4β2* and α6(Nonα4)β2* nAChR Expression and Function

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 844-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiomara A. Perez ◽  
Tanuja Bordia ◽  
J. Michael McIntosh ◽  
Sharon R. Grady ◽  
Maryka Quik
Keyword(s):  
Nicotine Treatment ◽  
And Function

Long-Term Nicotine Treatment Decreases Striatal α6* Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Sites and Function in Mice

2005 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 1639-1647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Lai ◽  
Neeraja Parameswaran ◽  
Mirium Khwaja ◽  
Paul Whiteaker ◽  
Jon M. Lindstrom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetylcholine Receptor ◽  
Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor ◽  
Nicotinic Acetylcholine ◽  
Nicotine Treatment ◽  
Receptor Sites ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Climate Mobility and Development Cooperation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Stojanov ◽  
Sarah Rosengaertner ◽  
Alex de Sherbinin ◽  
Raphael Nawrotzki
Keyword(s):  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Development Cooperation ◽  
Climate Variability And Change ◽  
Policy Frameworks ◽  
And Migration ◽  
And Function ◽  
Role And Function

AbstractDevelopment cooperation actors have been addressing climate change as a cross-cutting issue and investing in climate adaptation projects since the early 2000s. More recently, as concern has risen about the potential impacts of climate variability and change on human mobility, development cooperation actors have begun to design projects that intentionally address the drivers of migration, including climate impacts on livelihoods. However, to date, we know little about the development cooperation’s role and function in responding to climate related mobility and migration. As such, the main aim of this paper is to outline the policy frameworks and approaches shaping development cooperation actors’ engagement and to identify areas for further exploration and investment. First, we frame the concept of climate mobility and migration and discuss some applicable policy frameworks that govern the issue from various perspectives; secondly, we review the toolbox of approaches that development cooperation actors bring to climate mobility; and third, we discuss the implications of the current Covid-19 pandemic and identify avenues for the way forward. We conclude that ensuring safe and orderly mobility and the decent reception and long-term inclusion of migrants and displaced persons under conditions of more severe climate hazards, and in the context of rising nationalism and xenophobia, poses significant challenges. Integrated approaches across multiple policy sectors and levels of governance are needed. In addition to resources, development cooperation actors can bring data to help empower the most affected communities and regions and leverage their convening power to foster more coordinated approaches within and across countries.

scholarly journals Shoulder arthroplasty for juvenile idiopathic arthritis

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 230949901989061
Author(s):  
Suroosh Madanipour ◽  
Aditya Prinja ◽  
Marcus Lee ◽  
Abbas Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽  
Shoulder Arthroplasty ◽  
Preoperative Evaluation ◽  
Implant Design ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Post Operative Pain ◽  
Inflammatory Arthropathy ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
And Function

There is limited literature to guide shoulder surgeons in the management of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). We aim to help clinicians to formulate an approach to the surgical management of the condition through a review of the available literature on arthroplasty in JIA, general considerations when operating on patients with inflammatory arthropathy and recommendations based on the authors’ experience. Four articles report formal data on arthroplasty in JIA with favourable improvements in post-operative pain and function scores after the long-term follow-up. Significant heterogeneity in treatment and a lack of standardisation in quantitative outcomes highlights the need for further larger scale and higher quality research. The aim of this study is to review the evidence and provide information on preoperative evaluation of surgical candidates, operative techniques, choice of implant design and to evaluate functional outcomes in patients who undergo shoulder arthroplasty.

Skewed T-cell maturation and function in HIV-infected patients failing CD4+ recovery upon long-term virologically suppressive HAART

AIDS ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 1455-1460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Marchetti ◽  
Lidia Gazzola ◽  
Daria Trabattoni ◽  
Francesca Bai ◽  
Giuseppe Ancona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Maturation ◽  
And Function ◽  
T Cell Maturation

Lung Structure And Function Relation In Elastase-Treated Rats: A Long-Term Follow Up Study

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margit V. Szabari ◽  
Jozsef Tolnai ◽  
Balazs Maar ◽  
Harikrishnan Parameswaran ◽  
Elizabeth Bartolak-Suki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structure And Function ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Lung Structure ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
And Function ◽  
Function Relation

Settlement Period and Function of Long-Term Territory in Tropical Mangrove Passerines

The Condor ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaetan Lefebvre ◽  
Brigitte Poulin ◽  
Raymond McNeil
Keyword(s):  
Settlement Period ◽  
And Function

Abstract P138: Long-term Effects Of Severe Caloric Restriction To The Heart Function

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline M De Souza ◽  
Jonathas Almeida ◽  
Nataliia Shults ◽  
Hong Ji ◽  
Kathryn Sandberg
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Heart Function ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Isolated Hearts ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
And Function

Severe caloric restriction (sCR) increases the risk for acute cardiovascular disease. Less understood are the long-term effects on cardiovascular disease risk after the sCR period has ended. We investigated the effects of sCR on heart structure and function months after refeeding (sCR-Refed). Female Fischer rats (3-months-old) were maintained on (CT) ad libitum or a 60% caloric restricted diet for 2 weeks. Thereafter, all rats received ad libitum chow for 3 months and they were analyzed by precision ultrasound to assess their heart function. After imaging, the animals were sacrificed and the hearts were subjected to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) using a Langendorff preparation. After 2 weeks of sCR, rats lost 15% of their initial body weight (BW) [% (100*(Final-Initial/Initial)): CT, 1.5±0.8 vs sCR, -15.4±1.1; p<0.001;n=8]. After 3 months of refeeding, there was no detectable difference in BW between CT and sFR-Refed groups. Isolated hearts from the sCR-Refed rats exhibited worse myocardial pathology after I/R compared to CT rats. The parallel orientation of myofibers and striations normally present in cardiomyocytes was lost in sCR-Refed rats. Further analysis revealed uneven blood-filling of the microcirculatory vessels and prominent interstitial edema of the myocardium. Hearts from sCR-Refed rats had more atrophied cardiomyocytes than CT [Atrophied/Total (%): CT, 0.2±0.1 vs sCR-Refed, 50.6±1.1; p<0.001; n=5]. The number of arrhythmic events during a 30 min ischemic interval in isolated hearts doubled after 2 weeks on the sCR diet ( data not shown ) and remained doubled 3 months later [Arrhythmias (% of time): CT, 34±8 vs sCR-Refed, 68±9; p=0.02; n=8]. Ultrasound imaging showed no difference in stroke volume, coronary perfusion pressure and left ventricular mass. However, the thickness of the left ventricular posterior wall was significantly reduced in sCR-Refed rats [(mm): CT, 2.55 ±0.03 vs sCR-Refed, 2.10±0.04; p=0.002; n=4]. These findings indicate heart structure and function remained damaged months after the sCR period ended and BW was restored. These studies have adverse cardiovascular risk implications for who are subjected either voluntarily (crash diets) or involuntarily (very low food security) to periods of inadequate caloric intake.

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