Pharmacokinetic Analysis of in Vivo Disposition of Succinylated Proteins Targeted to Liver Nonparenchymal Cells via Scavenger Receptors: Importance of Molecular Size and Negative Charge Density for in Vivo Recognition by Receptors

2002 ◽  
Vol 301 (2) ◽  
pp. 467-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuomi Yamasaki ◽  
Kazuya Sumimoto ◽  
Makiya Nishikawa ◽  
Fumiyoshi Yamashita ◽  
Kiyoshi Yamaoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Charge Density ◽  
Negative Charge ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Scavenger Receptors ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Analysis ◽  
Nonparenchymal Cells ◽  
Negative Charge Density

scholarly journals Relationship of the Molecular Size and Charge Density of Polyoxometalates to Their anti-gp120-CD4-binding Activity

1994 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 410-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Judd ◽  
R. F. Schinazi ◽  
C. L. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Charge Density ◽  
Negative Charge ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Binding Activity ◽  
Weak Correlation ◽  
Binding Inhibition ◽  
Negative Charge Density ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Hiv 1

The ability of several classes of polyoxometalates to inhibit the interaction between HIV-1 gp120 and CD4 was assessed. No clear relationship was found between binding inhibition and the negative charge density on the anion portion of the polyoxometalate. However, a weak correlation was found with molecular size. There was a molecular weight threshold of 3800 g mol-1 above which no significant increase in potency was gained; the binding inhibition was nearly quantitative above this molecular weight.

The effect of the negative charge density on switchable properties of pseudoisocyanine dye

2017 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 54-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marián Matejdes ◽  
Daisuke Himeno ◽  
Yasutaka Suzuki ◽  
Jun Kawamata
Keyword(s):  
Charge Density ◽  
Negative Charge ◽  
Negative Charge Density

Chemical characterization of dissolved organic matter released by limed and unlimed forest soil horizons

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Susan Erich ◽  
Georgette M. Trusty
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Charge Density ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Negative Charge ◽  
Fluorescence Emission ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Forest Practices ◽  
Organic Horizons ◽  
Negative Charge Density

Liming of forest soils, currently practiced in Europe, may be necessary in the future in North America to counteract calcium (Ca) depletion due to whole tree harvesting. With current concerns over increasing carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in the atmosphere, the effects of forest practices such as liming on carbon (C) cycling in forest ecosystems has been receiving increasing attention. This laboratory study investigated the effect of an increase in pH on dissolved organic matter (DOM) in water extracts of organic horizons. Organic horizons were collected from nine forested sites, some predominantly hardwood and some predominantly softwood stand types. The soils were chemically characterized. Water extracts of limed and unlimed treatments of nine organic horizons were analyzed for pH, Al, Fe, Ca, C, and DOM negative charge density. Total luminescence fluorescence spectra were also obtained for each extract. The addition of lime (CaCO3) to organic horizons caused an average of 55% more C to be released than in unamended samples. Liming caused no significant changes in negative charge density of the DOM. Liming decreased organically-complexed aluminum (Al) and increased organically-complexed Ca. There was a negative correlation between Al concentration of extracts and fluorescence intensity. Chemical changes in the DOM released by liming were suggested by decreased fluorescence emission and excitation wavelengths due to liming. Hardwood samples did not respond differently than softwood samples with respect to DOM concentration, functional group concentration, or spectroscopic characteristics. However, there was a suggestion that particular tree species, such as cedar, may have unique effects on C concentrations and DOM chemistry. Key words: Lime, forest soil, dissolved organic matter, fluorescence

scholarly journals Peripheral Cytoplasmic Characteristics of Leukocytes in Monocytic Leukemia: Relationship To Clinical Manifestations

Blood ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marshall A. Lichtman ◽  
Robert I. Weed
Keyword(s):  
Charge Density ◽  
Cell Population ◽  
Negative Charge ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Homogeneous Distribution ◽  
Blood Monocytes ◽  
Monocytic Leukemia ◽  
Negative Charge Density ◽  
Cytoplasmic Maturation

Abstract The increased prevalence of tissue infiltration in some cases of monocytic leukemia may represent an enhanced ability of monocytes for tissue entry, continued cell proliferation, an increased life span in the tissues, or a combination of these three factors. Studies in this laboratory have shown that the normal myeloblast undergoes a process of cytoplasmic maturation that adapts it for marrow egress, tissue emigration, and particle ingestion. These include a reduction in surface negative charge density, increased ability to adhere to negatively charged surfaces, increased cytoplasmic deformability, more rapid motility, and enhanced phagocytic rate. In a subject with monocytic leukemia in whom tissue infiltration was a striking feature of the clinical disease, blood monocytes were broadly distributed in regard to their peripheral cytoplasmic characteristics. One portion of the cell population had a high surface negative charge density, was weakly adherent, weakly phagocytic, and poorly deformable, akin to blast cells. A second portion of the cell population had lower surface negative charge density, was adhesive, phagocytic, and readily deformable, akin to mature blood phagocytes. In five patients with myeloblastic leukemia in whom tissue infiltration was not prominent and in whom 92% of cells were myeloblasts, the blood leukocytes had a more homogeneous distribution of surface properties, and these properties were characteristic of immaturity. The increased prevalence of tissue infiltration in some cases of monocytic leukemia may be due to the presence of cytoplasmic maturation, which normally adapts the monocyte for tissue entry.

The Changes of Surface Potential and Built-in Charge in Alumina Films After the Anodization Process

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 1940058
Author(s):  
Le Dinh Vi ◽  
V. V. Dudich ◽  
G. G. Rabatuev ◽  
A. S. Lazarouk ◽  
A. V. Korotkevich
Keyword(s):  
Charge Density ◽  
Surface Potential ◽  
Electric Charge ◽  
Negative Charge ◽  
Anodic Alumina ◽  
Substantial Decrease ◽  
Alumina Films ◽  
Anodization Process ◽  
Negative Charge Density

We have shown that the surface potential of anodic alumina films changes in time: immediately after the anodization process it was positively followed by the substantial decrease to negative values. Such variations of the surface potential can be associated with the negative built-in electric charge in alumina. The highest negative charge density occurs in the films formed in citric and phosphoric electrolytes.

scholarly journals Requirement for negatively charged dispersions of phospholipids for interaction with lipid-depleted adenosine triphosphatase

1979 ◽  
Vol 177 (1) ◽  
pp. 265-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Isern de Caldentey ◽  
K P Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Charge Density ◽  
Protein Interaction ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphatase ◽  
Negative Charge ◽  
Enzyme Reaction ◽  
Enzyme Protein ◽  
Net Charge ◽  
Lipid Protein Interaction ◽  
Acyl Chains

The basis of the requirement for a net negative charge on phospholipid dispersions able to re-activate lipid-depleted (Na++K+)-dependent adenosine triphosphatase was studied. The origin and density of the charge in phospholipid dispersions were varied before interaction with the adenosine triphosphatase protein, and the charge density on restored phospholipid-adenosine triphosphatase complexes was changed after interaction. The results indicated that: (a) re-activation requires a lamellar arrangement of the lipid molecules with sufficient density of negative charge, but not necessarily negatively charged phospholipid molecules; (b) the net charge appears to be necessary for the correct interaction between the enzyme protein and the phospholipids, although the amount of phospholipid that binds to the protein is also a function of the nature of the acyl chains; (c) it is not possible on the basis of these findings and those in the literature to decide unequivocally if the charge is also required for the enzyme reaction itself. The possible relevance of the findings to the situation in vivo is discussed in terms of the charge being concerned only with lipid-protein interaction.

Negative Charge Density of a Magnetized Presheath Plasma with Two-Dimensional Ion Flux

1983 ◽  
Vol 22 (Part 1, No. 5) ◽  
pp. 892-892
Author(s):  
Motoichi Kawaguchi ◽  
Hiroyoshi Tanaka ◽  
Shigeru Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Charge Density ◽  
Negative Charge ◽  
Ion Flux ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Negative Charge Density

Influence of the negative charge density of metalate nanosheets on their bottom-up synthesis

CrystEngComm ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (25) ◽  
pp. 3559-3568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takayuki Ban ◽  
Takahiro Wakita ◽  
Ryo Yokoyama ◽  
Tatsuya Miyake ◽  
Yutaka Ohya
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Charge Density ◽  
Negative Charge ◽  
Solution Process ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Negative Charge Density

Low negative charge density is required for the bottom-up synthesis of metalate nanosheets by an aqueous solution process.

Heparin inhibits histamine release from canine mast cells

1993 ◽  
Vol 264 (4) ◽  
pp. L387-L390 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Inase ◽  
R. E. Schreck ◽  
S. C. Lazarus
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
Charge Density ◽  
Histamine Release ◽  
Negative Charge ◽  
Calcium Ionophore ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Calcium Ionophore A23187 ◽  
Ionophore A23187 ◽  
Similar Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Negative Charge Density

To determine the role of heparin in mast cell exocytosis, we studied the effect of heparin on histamine release induced by compound 48/80 or calcium ionophore A23187 in canine mastocytoma cells (BR). Heparin caused concentration-dependent inhibition of compound 48/80-induced histamine release from mast cells (n = 4; P < 0.05) with a mean inhibitory concentration of 0.14 +/- 0.01 U/ml (mean +/- SE). Mean maximal inhibition was 69.3 +/- 2.0%. In contrast, heparin had no effect on calcium ionophore A23187-induced histamine release. Although benzyl alcohol, a preservative of pharmaceutical heparin, had no effect, purified heparin produced a similar inhibitory effect on compound 48/80-induced histamine release (n = 4; P < 0.05). The inhibitory effect of heparin on histamine release was rapid and was eliminated by washing cells. Dextran sulfate, a polysaccharide with negative charge density, produced a similar inhibitory effect on compound 48/80-induced histamine release (n = 4; P < 0.05). We conclude that heparin inhibits compound 48/80-induced exocytosis in mast cells probably by its negative charge density.

The Outer Membrane of the Marine Gram-Negative BacteriumAlteromonas addita is Composed of a Very Short-Chain Lipopolysaccharide with a High Negative Charge Density

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 (7) ◽  
pp. 1113-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serena Leone ◽  
Antonio Molinaro ◽  
Luisa Sturiale ◽  
Domenico Garozzo ◽  
Evgeny L. Nazarenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Charge Density ◽  
Outer Membrane ◽  
Negative Charge ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Negative Charge Density
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