scholarly journals Intravital Multiphoton Microscopy with Fluorescent Bile Salts in Rats as an In Vivo Biomarker for Hepatobiliary Transport Inhibition

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 704-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Ryan ◽  
Ryan E. Morgan ◽  
Yuan Chen ◽  
Laurie P. Volak ◽  
Robert T. Dunn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Salts ◽  
Multiphoton Microscopy ◽  
Hepatobiliary Transport ◽  
Transport Inhibition

In Vivo Deep-Brain Structural and Hemodynamic Multiphoton Microscopy Enabled by Quantum Dots

Nano Letters ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 5260-5265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongji Liu ◽  
Xiangquan Deng ◽  
Shen Tong ◽  
Chen He ◽  
Hui Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Multiphoton Microscopy ◽  
Deep Brain

scholarly journals Activation of the oxygen-sensing signal cascade prevents mitochondrial injury after mouse liver ischemia-reperfusion

2008 ◽  
Vol 295 (4) ◽  
pp. G823-G832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Zhong ◽  
Venkat K. Ramshesh ◽  
Hasibur Rehman ◽  
Robert T. Currin ◽  
Vijayalakshmi Sridharan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Permeability Transition ◽  
Oxygen Sensing ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Multiphoton Microscopy ◽  
Specific Inhibitor ◽  
Permeability Transition ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Mitochondrial Depolarization ◽  
Signal Cascade

The mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) plays an important role in hepatocyte death caused by ischemia-reperfusion (IR). This study investigated whether activation of the cellular oxygen-sensing signal cascade by prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors (PHI) protects against the MPT after hepatic IR. Ethyl 3,4-dihyroxybenzoate (EDHB, 100 mg/kg ip), a PHI, increased mouse hepatic hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). EDHB-treated and untreated mice were subjected to 1 h of warm ischemia to ∼70% of the liver followed by reperfusion. Mitochondrial polarization, cell death, and the MPT were assessed by intravital confocal/multiphoton microscopy of rhodamine 123, propidium iodide, and calcein. EDHB largely blunted alanine aminotransferase (ALT) release and necrosis after reperfusion. In vehicle-treated mice at 2 h after reperfusion, viable cells with depolarized mitochondria were 72%, and dead cells were 2%, indicating that depolarization preceded necrosis. Mitochondrial voids excluding calcein disappeared, indicating MPT onset in vivo. NIM811, a specific inhibitor of the MPT, blocked mitochondrial depolarization after IR, further confirming that mitochondrial depolarization was due to MPT onset. EDHB decreased mitochondrial depolarization to 16% and prevented the MPT. Tin protoporphyrin (10 μmol/kg sc), an HO-1 inhibitor, partially abrogated protection by EDHB against ALT release, necrosis, and mitochondrial depolarization. In conclusion, IR causes the MPT and mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to hepatocellular death. PHI prevents MPT onset and liver damage through an effect mediated partially by HO-1.

A 2-D/3-D model-based method to quantify the complexity of microvasculature imaged by in vivo multiphoton microscopy

2005 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Tyrrell ◽  
Vijay Mahadevan ◽  
Ricky T. Tong ◽  
Edward B. Brown ◽  
Rakesh K. Jain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiphoton Microscopy ◽  
Model Based ◽  
D Model

MO429A NOVEL METHOD LINESCAN-DRIVEN FOR SNGFR MEASUREMENTS AS ALTERNATIVE TO HIGH FULL FRAME MULTIPHOTON MICROSCOPY ACQUISITION

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Costanzo ◽  
Luciano D'Apolito ◽  
Donato Sardella ◽  
Anna Iervolino ◽  
Sebastian Frische ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Multiphoton Microscopy ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
Renal Tubules ◽  
Fluorescent Marker ◽  
Single Nephron ◽  
Cheap Alternative ◽  
Reported Data

Abstract Background and Aims Renal micropuncture, which requires the direct access to the renal tubules, has been for long time the technique of choice to measure the single nephron glomerular filtration rate (SNGFR) in animal models, but this approach is challenging by virtue of complex animal preparation and numerous careful steps. The introduction of intravital multiphoton microscopy (MPM) permitted to improve the study of renal functions exploiting the high laser penetration and the optical sectioning capacity. Previous MPM studies measuring in vivo the SNGFR relied on fast full frame acquisition during the filtration process obtainable with microscope resonant scanners, which represent optional expensive equipment able to reach very high acquisition speed. In this work we propose an innovative linescan-based MPM method to calculate SNGFR in rodents doable without using the fast acquisition rate offered by resonant scanners. Method An in vivo MPM approach was used to measure the SNGFR in control Munich Wistar Frömter rats (MWF) and to test the feasibility of the innovative linescan approach. In order to validate this method in conditions known for reduced and increased SNGFR, it was applied to ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) and low-dose dopamine treated conditions, respectively. Results The glomeruli connected to S1 proximal tubules extending at least 100 μm from the exit of the Bowman’s space were chosen for the measurement. A linescan path starting from the urinary pole and crossing many times the tubular lumen orthogonally to the cellular wall was hand drawn. The linescan was acquired soon after a i.v. bolus of low-molecular weight fluorescent marker was injected. The tubular length, the mean diameter and the transit time of the fluorescent marker within two lines of interest (called cross1 and cross2) were measured to obtain the SNGFR. SNGFR measured in control rats was comparable with previous reported data both at MPM and micropuncture. Significantly higher values compared to control were obtained in 3 μg/kg/min dopamine-treated rats. In IRI-treated rats the SNGFR was reduced about 35% compared to the controls. Conclusion The results achieved with our linescan method were quite similar to those obtained with conventional micropuncture, suggesting that the two methods overlap for the normal, dopamine and IRI treatment. Our results show that linescan approach is a promising and cheap alternative to the fast full frame acquisition for the investigation of SNGFR in health and disease, offering results comparable to conventional micropuncture with unprecedent temporal resolution.

scholarly journals Preliminary Characterization of the Probiotic Properties of a Bacterial Strain for Used in Monogastric Nutrition

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihaela DUMITRU ◽  
Mihaela HĂBEANU ◽  
Cristina TABUC ◽  
Ștefana JURCOANE
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Bile Salts ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Probiotic Properties ◽  
Simulated Intestinal Fluid ◽  
Phenotypic Profile ◽  
Subtilis Atcc ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis Atcc

This study aimed to evaluate some probiotic properties of Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6051a. The phenotypic profile, resistance to pH by simulated gastric juice (pH 2 and 3), bile salts by simulated intestinal fluid, survivability (%), heat and antibiotics tolerance were investigated. The strain is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria, arranged in short chains or in small irregular pairs with the ability to produce spores. Good viability at pH 2 and 3, with a survival of more than ≥80%, was found. In the presence of bile salts 0.3%, over 4 h, the strain exhibited a survival ≥85%. At 80°C, for 120 min., the strain showed good growth (9.04 log CFU/ml). Results were sensitive to most antibiotics, with a highly susceptible (between 16 – 25 mm) to erythromycin, clindamycin, amoxicillin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, amikacin and kanamycin. The strain was found to be sensitive to vancomycin, gentamicin, and tetracycline. The present research demonstrated that Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6051a can survive under gastrointestinal conditions, which involves them to future in vitro and in vivo probiotic studies.

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