Professional Preparation in Sport Management: A Narrative Meta-Analysis

2000 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-43
Author(s):  
Lynn M. Jamieson ◽  
Kian Lam Toh
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Sport Management ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Professional Preparation ◽  
Original Study ◽  
Recreational Sports ◽  
Content Validation ◽  
Reliable Instrument ◽  
Systematic Development ◽  
Research Questions

The purpose of the study was to employ a narrative meta-analysis approach to explore the original study and replications of the Recreational Sports Competency Analysis (RSCA) (Jamieson, 1980). Several researchers ((Jamieson, 1980; Ulrich and Parkhouse, 1982; Jennings, 1984; and Parks and Quain, 1986) have documented the importance of sound curriculum development in sport management and resultant curriculum. Two research questions were posed to elicit what aspects might be applicable for comparison and what statistical analyses, if any, can be performed through a narrative meta-analysis. Four instruments were chosen for analysis. A thorough narrative meta-analysis revealed similarities in several areas and all contributed to content validation of the instrument. It was also found that data may lead itself to statistical analysis in a limited fashion, but cannot replace a more systematic development of a more valid and reliable instrument.

A Meta-Analysis of Interviews and Cognitive Ability

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 157-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip L. Roth ◽  
Allen I. Huffcutt
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Incremental Validity ◽  
Employment Interviews ◽  
Moderator Analysis ◽  
The Future ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Relationship

The topic of what interviews measure has received a great deal of attention over the years. One line of research has investigated the relationship between interviews and the construct of cognitive ability. A previous meta-analysis reported an overall corrected correlation of .40 ( Huffcutt, Roth, & McDaniel, 1996 ). A more recent meta-analysis reported a noticeably lower corrected correlation of .27 ( Berry, Sackett, & Landers, 2007 ). After reviewing both meta-analyses, it appears that the two studies posed different research questions. Further, there were a number of coding judgments in Berry et al. that merit review, and there was no moderator analysis for educational versus employment interviews. As a result, we reanalyzed the work by Berry et al. and found a corrected correlation of .42 for employment interviews (.15 higher than Berry et al., a 56% increase). Further, educational interviews were associated with a corrected correlation of .21, supporting their influence as a moderator. We suggest a better estimate of the correlation between employment interviews and cognitive ability is .42, and this takes us “back to the future” in that the better overall estimate of the employment interviews – cognitive ability relationship is roughly .40. This difference has implications for what is being measured by interviews and their incremental validity.

scholarly journals 321 Role of Antibiotics in Acute uncomplicated diverticulitis, A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A A Tahir ◽  
K M Ali ◽  
A U Khan ◽  
S Kamal ◽  
A Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Dietary Advice ◽  
Duration Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Uncomplicated Diverticulitis ◽  
Acute Uncomplicated Diverticulitis

Abstract Introduction Diverticular disease is a common health problem with a wide clinical spectrum. About 75% of the patients would have uncomplicated diverticulitis. Cornerstones of treatment are antibiotics, analgesia, and dietary advice. Recent evidence has shown that its treatment is controversial, questioning the use of antibiotics. Aim is to assess the role of antibiotics in the treatment of acute uncomplicated diverticulitis. Method This is a systematic review and Meta-analysis. Literature review of the available studies was conducted using search engines like Pubmed, Medline, Embase, Google Scholar, and Cochrane databases. Statistical analysis was conducted using RevMan5.4. Results Out of 1754 records 1324 were duplicates, 430 studies were screened. 395 were further excluded.35 full text articles were assessed and in the final review 10 studies were included. PRISMA guidelines were used. Pooled OR for recurrence = 0.92 (95% CI = 0.74 to 1.13). Pooled OR for Hospital stay= -0.66 (95% CI= -1.12 to -0.21). Pooled OR for complications = 1.06 (95% CI = 0.69 to 1.64). Pooled OR for treatment failure= 1.24 (95% CI = 0.90-1.69). Conclusions We conclude that from the available evidence antibiotics have no role in reducing recurrence, complications, treatment failure, and duration of hospital stay in acute uncomplicated diverticulitis.

Spatial muscle activation patterns during different leg exercise protocols in physically active adults using muscle functional MRI: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 129 (4) ◽  
pp. 934-946
Author(s):  
Katherine Dooley ◽  
Suzanne J. Snodgrass ◽  
Peter Stanwell ◽  
Samantha Birse ◽  
Adrian Schultz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Lumbar Vertebra ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Muscle Activation Patterns ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Active Adults

An emerging method to measure muscle activation patterns is muscle functional magnetic resonance imaging (mfMRI), where preexercise and postexercise muscle metabolism differences indicate spatial muscle activation patterns. We evaluated studies employing mfMRI to determine activation patterns of lumbar or lower limb muscles following exercise in physically active adults. Electronic systematic searches were conducted until March 2020. All studies employing ≥1.5 Tesla MRI scanners to compare spatial muscle activation patterns at the level of or inferior to the first lumbar vertebra in healthy, active adults. Two authors independently assessed study eligibility before appraising methodological quality using a National Institutes of Health assessment tool. Because of heterogeneity, findings were synthesized without meta-analysis. Of the 1,946 studies identified, seven qualified for inclusion and pertained to hamstring ( n = 5), quadriceps ( n = 1) or extrinsic foot ( n = 1) muscles. All included studies controlled for internal validity, with one employing assessor blinding. MRI physics and differing research questions explain study methodology heterogeneity. Significant mfMRI findings were: following Nordic exercise, hamstrings with previous trauma (strain or surgical autograft harvest) demonstrated reduced activation compared with unharmed contralateral muscles, and asymptomatic individuals preferentially activated semitendinosus; greater biceps femoris long head to semitendinosus ratios reported following 45° hip extension over Nordic exercise; greater rectus femoris activation occurred in “flywheel” over barbell squats. mfMRI parameters differ on the basis of individual research questions. Individual muscles show greater activation following specific exercises, suggesting exercise specificity may be important for rehabilitation, although evidence is limited to single cohort studies comparing interlimb differences preexercise versus postexercise.

Do sexist jokes increase rape proclivity among males high in hostile sexism? Evidence from two pre-registered direct replications of Thomae & Viki (2013)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil McLatchie ◽  
Manuela Thomae
Keyword(s):  
Bayes Factor ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Original Study ◽  
Bayes Factors ◽  
Hostile Sexism ◽  
Replication Studies ◽  
Open Research ◽  
Rape Proclivity

Thomae and Viki (2013) reported that increased exposure to sexist humour can increase rape proclivity among males, specifically those who score high on measures of Hostile Sexism. Here we report two pre-registered direct replications (N = 530) of Study 2 from Thomae and Viki (2013) and assess replicability via (i) statistical significance, (ii) Bayes factors, (iii) the small-telescope approach, and (iv) an internal meta-analysis across the original and replication studies. The original results were not supported by any of the approaches. Combining the original study and the replications yielded moderate evidence in support of the null over the alternative hypothesis with a Bayes factor of B = 0.13. In light of the combined evidence, we encourage researchers to exercise caution before claiming that brief exposure to sexist humour increases male’s proclivity towards rape, until further pre-registered and open research demonstrates the effect is reliably reproducible.

Statistical analysis of nematode counts from interlaboratory proficiency tests

Nematology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wim Van Den Berg ◽  
Olaf Hartsema ◽  
Loes J.M.F. Den Nijs
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Proficiency Test ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Proficiency Tests ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Mean And Variance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Interaction Variance

A series of proficiency tests on potato cyst nematode (PCN; ) and free-living stages of Meloidogyne and Pratylenchus () were investigated to determine the accuracy and precision of the nematode counts and to gain insights into possible trends and potential improvements. In each test, each participating laboratory received ten samples of soil collected from naturally infested fields and well mixed before distribution. The variance between the counts from the ten samples, estimated per test and laboratory, was constant for PCN cysts and free-living stages of Meloidogyne spp. and Pratylenchus spp. during the period monitored. However, during the initial years, the variance between the samples showed a downward trend for PCN living juveniles. The variance between the laboratories, estimated per test, was constant for PCN cysts over the period 1994-2010. For PCN living juveniles the variance between laboratory means declined from 1994-2000 and from 2000 it was more or less constant, which coincided with the introduction of a well-described new methodology. For Meloidogyne spp. and Pratylenchus spp., from 1998-2005 the variance between laboratory means was more or less constant or increased. From 2006, all participating laboratories incubated the organic matter and the variance between the laboratories was stable and below the levels observed during 2003-2005. After discarding data from initial years with unstable variances of the nematode counts, a meta-analysis was carried out on the remaining data using HGLMs to model the mean and variance of the counts simultaneously. The within-laboratory variance for the ten samples and the interaction variance of test and laboratory were estimated and combined to percentage coefficient of variation (%CV) per laboratory. For PCN cysts, %CV per laboratory ranged from 12.6 to 41.6 and for PCN juveniles in sandy soil from 24.4 to 67.4 and in loamy soil from 37.9 to 102.0. For Meloidogyne spp., %CV ranged from 53.2 to 84.4 and for Pratylenchus spp. from 24.3 to 90.6. The quality of a proficiency test is largely defined by random distribution of the nematodes over the samples allocated, statistical analysis of the data and communication of the results to participating laboratories. This study provides insights into the accuracy and precision at laboratories in recent years and the effect of concerted actions during the period in which the proficiency tests were conducted.

scholarly journals Effects of recreational sports and combined training on blood pressure and glycosylated hemoglobin in middle-aged and older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinicius Mallmann Schneider ◽  
Paula de Azevedo Frank ◽  
Sandra C. Fuchs ◽  
Rodrigo Ferrari
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Weighted Mean Difference ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Recreational Sports ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Exercise Interventions

Background Combined resistance and aerobic training (CT) is the most suitable form of exercise training to simultaneously improve cardiometabolic profile and functional capacity in middle-aged and older adults. Recreational sports (RS) emerge as an alternative to traditional exercises to improve these outcomes that could be used as a retention and continuity strategy, promoting health benefits associated with pleasure and satisfaction during the physical activity. Objectives The aim was to conduct a meta-analysis on the effects of RS and CT on systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in middle-aged and older adults and to compare these exercise interventions to a non-exercising control group (CON). Data Sources A literature search was conducted using the databases at PubMed, COCHRANE and SciELO between July and August 2020. Study Eligibility Criteria Studies that included men and women aged 45 years, healthy or with values of baseline for SBP 130mmHg or DBP 80 mmHg or with type II diabetes, in which the participants performed RS or CT versus CON, and evaluated SBP, DBP and HbA1c. Study Appraisal and Synthesis Methods Two independent reviewers screened search results, performed data extraction, and assessed of methodological quality of studies. Random effects modeling was used to compare pre to postintervention changes in BP and HbA1c from RS and CT versus CON, and the effect size were calculated through the weighted mean difference (MD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Conclusions RS and CT are effective exercise interventions to improve blood pressure in middle-aged and older adults. Additionally, CT seems to be an excellent strategy to reduce HbA1c, and future studies are necessary to confirm the effectiveness of recreational sports to improve HbA1c.

scholarly journals The Impact of Change Management on the Efficiency of Organizations: An Applied Study on the DAL Dairy Factory - Sudan 2019 - 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Malak S. Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Change Management ◽  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Managing Change ◽  
Applied Study ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Scientific Hypotheses

Objectives: This study aims to know the effect of change in culture and technology on efficiency in Dairy Factory - Sudan, 2019-2020 and to know the views of managers on the impact of change management on efficiency, to identify the positive aspects that help in improving this efficiency as well as to identify the negatives Which limit the company's efficiency in this field, by answering the following research questions: - Is there an impact of changing culture and technology on increasing the efficiency of institutions? To answer these questions on which the problem is centered around, the following scientific hypotheses were put forward: - There is a statistically significant relationship between changing the organization's culture and increasing the efficiency of organizations, as well as the existence of a statistically significant relationship between changing technology in the organization and increasing the efficiency of organizations. Methods: The descriptive and analytical approach was used to describe the phenomenon under study, and the questionnaire was used to collect various data. The questionnaire was distributed to the sample members who numbered (55) employees to conduct the statistical analysis for this study, through the program used for the statistical analysis of social sciences, the hypotheses were tested by Median and chi-square. Finding: inflating the culture of the departments and divisions of the company, the stagnation and inflexibility of the society's culture, and the inadequacy of that culture to the requirements of work within the community, which led to an overlap in the powers and responsibilities? The most important recommendations: The necessity of changing the organizational structure to comply with the requirements of work, after carefully studying the internal and external environment, and for the change to take place based on the recommendations of specialists in administrative sciences. So that it is not random and does not lead to an inflation of the organizational structure without success. Value: The importance of the study stems from the fact that it addresses an important topic in business administration, which is managing change in organizations, which is the only way for these organizations to develop and continue to exist. It also studies the reality of change management in the DAL Dairy Factory - Sudan.

Sport Management Must Show Social Concern as It Develops Tenable Theory

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Earle F. Zeigler
Keyword(s):  
Sport Management ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Professional Preparation ◽  
Social Concern ◽  
Online Service ◽  
Managerial Leadership

Today sport and all other social institutions (e.g., religion, politics, finance) are confronted with the need to demonstrate that they are worthwhile and responsible. Sport managers should understand what sport’s status is and how and why such standing occurred. Difficult decisions, often ethical in nature, will have to be made as members of the sport management societies worldwide strive to continue developing this profession and discipline. These professionals need to decide to what extent they wish to live up to the broad ideals of the programs being promoted by public, semipublic, and private agencies for people of all types and ages. Those involved with professional preparation and scholarly endeavor urgently need a theory and a disciplinary model for administrative or managerial leadership of sport on a gradually improving, sound academic basis. Practitioners need an online service that provides them with scholarly applied findings as they seek to serve in the behaviorally oriented environment of today’s world.

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