Effects of Ankle Angular Position and Standing Surface on Postural Control of Upright Stance

Motor Control ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-303
Author(s):  
Fawaz A. Alwadani ◽  
Huaqing Liang ◽  
Alexander S. Aruin
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Angular Position ◽  
Force Platform ◽  
Upright Stance ◽  
Surface Type ◽  
Natural Position ◽  
Ankle Joints

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of ankle angular position and standing surface type on static upright balance. Ten young adults stood on a force platform or on a firm wedge that induced 15° of either dorsiflexion or plantarflexion. In addition, a piece of foam was placed on top of the force platform and on the wedge. The center of pressure distance and velocity in the anteroposterior and mediolateral directions were calculated. Significantly larger magnitudes in most of the investigated variables were seen while standing with ankles in the dorsiflexion when compared with standing with the ankle joints in a natural position (p < .05). Plantarflexion increased the center of pressure anteroposterior velocity by 87% when compared with a natural stance (p < .05). Standing on the foam surfaces resulted in increases in all of the center of pressure measures by an average of 38% in all of the ankle conditions.

scholarly journals Comparison of two methods of postural control analysis during upright and quiet stance

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
Ana Maria Forti Barela ◽  
Diego Alveno ◽  
Claudia Garcia ◽  
Cássio A. Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Force Platform ◽  
Control Analysis ◽  
Quiet Stance ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Methods Of Analysis ◽  
Strong Relation ◽  
Base Of Support

The goal of this study was to compare two methods of analysis, the use of force platform and based on video system, to investigate the postural control of young adults during upright stance on three bases of support. Fifteen young adults (30±4.96 years old) were asked to maintain an upright and quiet stance on a force platform for 30 s on bipedal, semi-tandem stance, and reduced bipedal bases of support. One reflective marker was placed on their back to acquire the space coordinates. Mean sway amplitude and mean velocity in anterior-posterior (AP) and medial-lateral (ML) directions and the area of stabilogram were calculated and used to compare the two methods of analysis and the effects of bases of support. Coefficient of correlation values indicated strong relation between trajectories of center of pressure and reflective marker in both directions (AP and ML), and statistical analysis of both methods indicated similar results in terms of effects of base of support. According to these results it might be suggested that both methods of analysis to investigate the control of upright and quiet stance in young adults can be used.  

scholarly journals Relationship between postural control in upright stance and virtual reality in post-stroke individuals

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Paulo Paes ◽  
Alaércio Perotti Junior ◽  
Ana Maria Forti Barela ◽  
José Angelo Barela
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Mean Amplitude ◽  
Berg Balance Scale ◽  
Upright Stance ◽  
Nintendo Wii ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Time Required

Abstract Introduction: Considered the second leading cause of death worldwide, stroke leads to several consequences resulting from the injury in regions responsible for the processing of sensorimotor information, leading to deficits in the maintenance and performance of postural control. Objective: To relate the performance of postural control during upright stance and a virtual reality task in post-stroke individuals. Method: Nine post-stroke individuals, aged 30 to 76 years, characterized by the Berg balance scale, Fugl - Meyer scale and Mini Mental State Examination participated in this study. Postural performance was measured by the center of pressure under bipedal conditions, in anteroposterior and mediolateral directions and unipedal with the affected and unaffected sides, using a force platform. Virtual reality performance was measured by distance and time required to perform a task in the Nintendo Wii®. Results: Revealed significant correlations between distance and displacement time of the affected side (distance x disc_affected = 0.667 | p = 0.025; time x disc_affected = 0.683 | p = 0.021) and between variables time and mean amplitude of mediolateral oscillation (time x amo_ml = -0.733 | p = 0.012), time and mediolateral and anteroposterior mean velocity (time x vm_ml = -0.617 | p = 0.038; time x vm_ap = -0.833 | p = 0.003) and between time and area (time x area = -0.633 | p = 0.034). Conclusion: the performance of standing postural control in post-stroke individuals, represented by measures of weight discharge and variables of postural control, presented a significant relation with the variables of virtual reality.

Trunk Extensor Muscle Fatigue Does Not Affect Postural Control during Upright Static Stance in Young-adults and Middle-aged Adults

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giselle Delgado ◽  
Chelsea Coghlin ◽  
Katelyn Earle ◽  
Andrea Holek ◽  
Kate O'Hare
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Aged Subjects ◽  
Back Problems ◽  
Trunk Extensor

Background. Falls can be extremely detrimental to someone’s daily living, as well as life threatening This is especially true for individuals who have back problems, are sedentary, and have other health disorders. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of trunk extensor muscles fatigue on static postural control in young healthy adults compared to middle aged subjects. Methods. University students (n=10), and Middle-aged subjects (n=6; 40+ years of age) stood as immobile as possible on a force plate, with their feet together and eyes closed under two conditions; Fatigue and No fatigue. Fatigue was achieved through repetitive extensions of the trunk until a subjective fatigue level was reached. We measured center of pressure (CoP) displacements in the A/P and M/L planes using a force plate to assess standing balance. Findings. We did not observe any significant interaction between age and fatigue indicating that fatigue affected both age groups similarly. The CoP variability was higher for the middle aged compared to the young adults in both the fatigue and no-fatigue conditions. Interpretation. The results of this study indicate that trunk extensor fatigue does not affect balance differently for young compared to middle-aged subjects. This study also suggests that postural control decreases significantly with increasing age. Our finding that trunk extensor fatigue did not significantly affect the postural control of upright stance contradicts previous studies; this difference may be due to the subject sample in our study.

scholarly journals Bipedal and unipedal stance in Brazilian football 7-a-side athletes with cerebral palsy

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-308
Author(s):  
Guilherme Lopes ◽  
Ana Cristina de David
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Musculoskeletal Injury ◽  
Force Platform ◽  
Confidence Ellipse ◽  
Bipedal Stance ◽  
Football Team ◽  
Ellipse Area

ABSTRACT To compare postural control between Football 7-a-side players with cerebral palsy (CP) and active non-athletes without neurologic impairments, 28 individuals (15 to 35 years old) were selected and divided into the Non-Athletes Group (NAG), consisting of 14 individuals without neurologic or musculoskeletal injury; and the CP Group (CPG), composed of 14 athletes from the regional football team. A force platform was used to measure anteroposterior displacement of center of pressure (COPap), velocity (COPvel), mediolateral displacement (COPml), and 95% confidence ellipse area (AREA95) on bipedal and unipedal stance. On bipedal stance, there was no difference between groups in anteroposterior displacement of center of pressure (COPap) and velocity (COPvel). On unipedal stance with the dominant leg, the NAG presented better postural control, statistically significant in mediolateral displacement (COPml), 95% confidence ellipse area (AREA95) and COPap (p = 0.003; p = 0.001; p = 0.018, respectively). Our results showed that both groups have similar postural control on bipedal stance, but NAG demonstrated better postural control with unipedal stance than Football 7-a-side players with CP.

scholarly journals Postural Sway in Older Patients with Sagittal Imbalance and Young Adults during Local Vibratory Proprioceptive Stimulation

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 210
Author(s):  
Tadashi Ito ◽  
Yoshihito Sakai ◽  
Kazunori Yamazaki ◽  
Yohei Ito ◽  
Keitaro Kawai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Postural Sway ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Sagittal Imbalance ◽  
Preventative Measures ◽  
Proprioceptive Stimulation ◽  
Risk Of Falls

This study aimed to assess differences in somatosensory control strategies between older patients with sagittal imbalance and young adults during postural tasks. The center of pressure displacement in 27 older patients with sagittal imbalance and 27 young adults was determined upon standing blindfolded on a balance board. Vibratory stimulation at 56 to 100 Hz was applied bilaterally to the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles (GS) and lumbar multifidus to evaluate the contributions of proprioceptive signals to postural control. Data of older patients and young adults were compared using the Mann–Whitney U-test or independent sample t-tests. Compared with the young adults, the older patients were significantly more reliant on the GS (p < 0.005) for their postural control and showed a higher relative proprioceptive weighting ratio (RPW) (p = 0.038). The postural strategy adopted by the older patients depended on the level of proprioceptive stimulation applied to the GS, and the postural control strategy of the ankle correlated with RPW. Overall, this study identifies RPW as a novel measure of postural strategy in older patients with sagittal imbalance and provides an understanding of strategies used to maintain balance, which may assist in developing preventative measures to reduce the risk of falls.

scholarly journals Motor strategy during postural control is not muscle fatigue joint-dependent, but muscle fatigue increases postural asymmetry

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0247395
Author(s):  
Tiago Penedo ◽  
Paula Favaro Polastri ◽  
Sérgio Tosi Rodrigues ◽  
Felipe Balistieri Santinelli ◽  
Elisa de Carvalho Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Muscle Fatigue ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Quiet Standing ◽  
Postural Asymmetry ◽  
Motor Strategy ◽  
Hip Muscle ◽  
Before And After

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ankle and hip muscle fatigue on motor adjustments (experiment 1) and symmetry (experiment 2) of postural control during a quiet standing task. Twenty-three young adults performed a bipedal postural task on separate force platforms, before and after a bilateral ankle and hip muscle fatigue protocol (randomized). Ankle and hip muscles were fatigued separately using a standing calf raise protocol (ankle fatigue) on a step and flexion and extension of the hip (hip fatigue) sitting on a chair, at a controlled movement frequency (0.5Hz), respectively. In both experiments, force, center of pressure, and electromyography parameters were measured. The symmetry index was used in experiment 2 to analyze the postural asymmetry in the parameters. Our main findings showed that muscle fatigue impaired postural stability, regardless of the fatigued muscle region (i.e., ankle or hip). In addition, young adults used an ankle motor strategy (experiment 1) before and after both the ankle and hip muscle fatigue protocols. Moreover, we found increased asymmetry between the lower limbs (experiment 2) during the quiet standing task after muscle fatigue. Thus, we can conclude that the postural motor strategy is not muscle fatigue joint-dependent and a fatigue task increases postural asymmetry, regardless of the fatigued region (hip or ankle). These findings could be applied in sports training and rehabilitation programs with the objective of reducing the fatigue effects on asymmetry and improving balance.

scholarly journals Positive Relations Between Vision and Posture in the Fixation Task Performed Upright

Motor Control ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cédrick T. Bonnet
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Upright Stance ◽  
Lower Back ◽  
Free Viewing ◽  
Fixation Task ◽  
Cognitive Involvement ◽  
Head Neck

In an upright stance, individuals sway in unpredictable ways. Their eyes also move in unpredictable ways in fixation tasks. The objective of this study was to analyze visual functions, postural control, and cognitive involvement in stationary gaze. A total of 14 healthy young adults performed a fixation task and a free-viewing task (three trials per task, 45 s per trial). As expected, the results showed many (n = 32) significant positive Pearson correlation coefficients between the eye and center of pressure/body (head, neck, and lower back) movements in the fixation task. In the free-viewing task, the correlations were nonsignificant. Only 3 of the 32 significant correlations (9.4%) were significantly related to cognitive involvement (measured with a subjective questionnaire). These results indirectly strengthened the validity of the synergistic model of postural control.

scholarly journals Vibration of the Whole Foot Soles Surface Using an Inexpensive Portable Device to Investigate Age-Related Alterations of Postural Control

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydiane Lauzier ◽  
Mohamed Abdelhafid Kadri ◽  
Emilie Bouchard ◽  
Kevin Bouchard ◽  
Sébastien Gaboury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Aging Population ◽  
Force Platform ◽  
Portable Device ◽  
Postural Adjustments ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Postural Performance ◽  
Related Increase

Background: Standing on a foam surface is used to investigate how aging affect the ability to keep balance when somatosensory inputs from feet soles become unreliable. However, since standing on foam also affects the efficacy of postural adjustments, the respective contributions of sensory and motor components are impossible to separate. This study tested the hypothesis that these components can be untangled by comparing changes of center of pressure (CoP) parameters induced by standing on a foam pad vs. a novel vibration (VIB) platform developed by our team and targeting feet soles’ mechanoreceptors.Methods: Bipedal postural control of young (n = 20) and healthy elders (n = 20) was assessed while standing barefoot on a force platform through 3 randomized conditions: (1) Baseline (BL); (2) VIB; and (3) Foam. CoP Amplitude and Velocity in the antero-posterior/medio-lateral (AP/ML) directions and COP Surface were compared between conditions and groups.Findings: Both VIB and Foam increased CoP parameters compared to BL, but Foam had a significantly greater impact than VIB for both groups. Young and Old participants significantly differed for all three Conditions. However, when correcting for BL levels of postural performance, VIB-related increase of COP parameters was no longer different between groups, conversely to Foam.Interpretation: Although both VIB and Foam highlighted age-related differences of postural control, their combined use revealed that “motor” and “sensory” components are differently affected by aging, the latter being relatively unaltered, at least in healthy/active elders. The combined used of these methods could provide relevant knowledge to better understand and manage postural impairments in the aging population.

scholarly journals Postural Control of Healthy Elderly Individuals Compared to Elderly Individuals with Stroke Sequelae

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fábio Marcon Alfieri ◽  
Marcelo Riberto ◽  
José Augusto Fernandes Lopes ◽  
Thais Raquel Filippo ◽  
Marta Imamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Force Platform ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Elderly Individuals ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Elderly Control

A stroke and aging process can modify the postural control. We aimed to compare the postural control of health elderly individuals to that of individuals with stroke sequelae. This cross-sectional transversal study was made with individuals capable of walking without any assistance and that were considered clinically stable. The study had 18 individuals in the group with stroke sequelae (SG) and 34 in the healthy elderly control group (CG). The participants were evaluated for the timed up and go test (TUG) and force platform. The SG showed the worst results in relation to the time of execution of the TUG and the force platform evaluation. The displacement of center of pressure was worse for both groups in the eyes-closed situation, especially in the anteroposterior direction for the CG. The GS showed worse results in the static and dynamic postural control. The healthy elderly showed more dependence on sight to maintain their static balance and there was no difference in the balance tests in relation to the side affected by the stroke.

scholarly journals Interest of active posturography to detect age-related and early Parkinson's disease-related impairments in mediolateral postural control

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (10) ◽  
pp. 2638-2646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cédrick T. Bonnet ◽  
Arnaud Delval ◽  
Luc Defebvre
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Behavioral Variability ◽  
Quiet Stance ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Elderly Control

Patients with Parkinson's disease display impairments of postural control most particularly in active, challenging conditions. The objective of the present study was to analyze early signs of disease-related and also age-related impairments in mediolateral body extension and postural control. Fifty-five participants (18 Hoehn and Yahr stage 2 patients in the off-drug condition, 18 healthy elderly control subjects, and 19 young adults) were included in the study. The participants performed a quiet stance task and two active tasks that analyzed the performance in mediolateral body motion: a limit of stability and a rhythmic weight shift task. As expected, the patients displayed significantly lower and slower body displacement (head, neck, lower back, center of pressure) than elderly control subjects when performing the two body excursion tasks. However, the behavioral variability in both tasks was similar between the groups. Under these active conditions, the patients showed significantly lower contribution of the hip postural control mechanisms compared with the elderly control subjects. Overall, the patients seemed to lower their performance in order to prevent a mediolateral postural instability. However, these patients, at an early stage of their disease, were not unstable in quiet stance. Complementarily, elderly control subjects displayed slower body performance than young adults, which therefore showed an additional age-related impairment in mediolateral postural control. Overall, the study illustrated markers of age-related and Parkinson's disease impairments in mediolateral postural control that may constrain everyday activities in elderly adults and even more in patients with Parkinson's disease.

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