The Physiological Basis for Open and Closed Kinetic Chain Rehabilitation for the Upper Extremity

1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott M. Lephart ◽  
Timothy J. Henry
Keyword(s):  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Neuromuscular Control ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Functional Classification ◽  
Kinetic Chain ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Open Kinetic Chain ◽  
Closed Kinetic Chain ◽  
Upper Extremity Rehabilitation

The confusion between the termsopen kinetic chainandclosed kinetic chainbecomes even greater with application to the upper extremity. Upper extremity function is very difficult to define, due to the numerous shoulder positions and the great velocities with which the shoulder can move. Classifying exercises for rehabilitation of the upper extremity is very difficult due to the complexity of the joint. Many definitions and classification systems have been proposed; however, none of these entirely encompass rehabilitation of the upper extremity. Using previous classifications we have developed a Functional Classification System that is designed to serve as a template for upper extremity rehabilitation. This system has been designed to restore functional shoulder stability, which is dependent upon proper scapulothoracic and glenohumeral stability, and humeral control; all of these are in part mediated by neuromuscular mechanisms. The objective of our new Functional Classification System is to restore functional stability of the shoulder by reestablishing neuromuscular control for overhead activities.

Effect of Closed Kinetic Chain Training on Neuromuscular Control in the Upper Extremity

1999 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 184-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary E. Ubinger ◽  
William E. Prentice ◽  
Kevin M. Guskiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Neuromuscular Control ◽  
Position Sense ◽  
Joint Position Sense ◽  
Kinetic Chain ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Open Kinetic Chain ◽  
Closed Kinetic Chain ◽  
Stimulation Of

When the upper extremity is injured, open kinetic chain (OKC) exercises are primarily used to increase strength and restore functional ability—the goals of rehabilitation. It is also imperative, however, that the receptors responsible for static and dynamic stabilization of the joint be trained. This can be done with closed kinetic chain (CKC) exercises. The purposes of this study were to investigate the effect of a 4-week CKC training program on the neuromuscular control of the upper extremity and to determine whether there was a significant difference between skill-dominant limb and nondominant limb stability indices. Thirty-two physically active participants (14 men, 18 women) were tested on the FASTEX 4 weeks apart. The training group's scores significantly improved, whereas the control group's scores remained the same. It was concluded that the CKC training significantly improved the training group's ability to remain stable. The results suggest that CKC training can increase the accuracy of joint position sense because of increased stimulation of the mechanoreceptors.

Closed and Open Kinetic Chain Exercise for the Upper Extremity

1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin E. Wilk ◽  
Christopher A. Arrigo ◽  
James R. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Glenohumeral Joint ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Ligament Injury ◽  
Kinetic Chain ◽  
Open Kinetic Chain ◽  
Closed Kinetic Chain ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Scientific Rationale

The use of closed kinetic chain exercise has grown in the past several years. Closed kinetic chain exercises for the lower extremity have been firmly established in the literature and have been strongly recommended as an integral part of rehabilitation of the patient with anterior cruciate ligament injury. While the scientific and clinical rationale for using closed kinetic chain exercise for the lower extremity appears obvious, the scientific rationale for using closed kinetic chain exercise for the upper extremity is less clear. The purpose of this manuscript is to discuss the scientific rationale for closed kinetic chain for the upper extremity patient. In addition, exercise drills to enhance dynamic stability of the glenohumeral joint are discussed, and a rationale for using these exercises for specific glenohumeral joint pathologies is provided. The concepts of closed and open kinetic chain as applied to the lower extremity may not apply to the upper extremity due to the unique anatomical and biomechanical features as well as the function of the shoulder. It is recommended that clinicians use both closed kinetic chain and open kinetic chain exercises when treating the shoulder patient.

scholarly journals Reference values, intrarater reliability, and measurement error for the closed kinetic chain upper extremity stability test and upper quarter y balance test in young adults

2022 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Luiza Teixeira ◽  
Anamaria Siriani de Oliveira ◽  
Nathália Alves Rodrigues ◽  
Guilherme Augusto Santos Bueno ◽  
Maria Eduarda Oliveira Novais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Measurement Error ◽  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Stability Test ◽  
Kinetic Chain ◽  
Intrarater Reliability ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Closed Kinetic Chain

scholarly journals Biomechanical Analysis Of The Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (7S) ◽  
pp. 43-43
Author(s):  
Ethan S. Welch ◽  
Matthew D. Watson ◽  
George J. Davies ◽  
Bryan L. Riemann
Keyword(s):  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Stability Test ◽  
Kinetic Chain ◽  
Closed Kinetic Chain

Biomechanical analysis of the closed kinetic chain upper extremity stability test in healthy young adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 120-125
Author(s):  
Ethan S. Welch ◽  
Matthew D. Watson ◽  
George J. Davies ◽  
Bryan L. Riemann
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Stability Test ◽  
Kinetic Chain ◽  
Closed Kinetic Chain

A Functional Classification for Artifacts from 19th and 20th Century Historical Sites

1982 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roderick Sprague
Keyword(s):  
Historical Archaeology ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Functional Classification ◽  
Prehistoric Archaeology ◽  
Historical Sites ◽  
19Th And 20Th Century ◽  
Comprehensive Coverage

Artifact classification systems derived primarily from prehistoric archaeology are generally based on the material of manufacture. Such classification systems not only are not suited to historical archaeology, but actually retard the analysis and result in reports that are difficult to use for comparative purposes. The use of a classification based on the artifact function is suggested and several previous schemes are evaluated. The classification system advocated here comes closer than previous attempts to the goal of mutually exclusive categories and comprehensive coverage of artifacts from 19th and 20th century sites. Examples are presented for each of the categories in the system.

Scientific Rationale and Physiological Basis for the Use of Closed Kinetic Chain Exercise in the Lower Extremity

1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn Snyder-Mackler
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Position Sense ◽  
Joint Position Sense ◽  
Kinetic Chain ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Common Component ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Closed Chain ◽  
Closed Kinetic Chain

Closed kinetic chain exercise is a common component of lower extremity rehabilitation. It has virtually replaced open kinetic chain exercise in the treatment of some conditions. In this paper, anatomy and physiology as they relate to closed chain exercise are examined to elucidate its unique contributions to rehabilitation. Claims made about the specificity, functionality, and safety of closed kinetic chain exercise are discussed. Muscle action, the stretch–shortening cycle, joint position sense, and clinical cases are used to illustrate the distinct role of closed kinetic chain exercise in rehabilitation.

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