Open versus Closed Kinetic Chain Rehabilitation of the Lower Extremity: A Functional and Biomechanical Analysis

1994 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose E. Rivera
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Muscular Activity ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Kinetic Chain ◽  
Functional Rehabilitation ◽  
Functional Activities ◽  
Closed Chain ◽  
Closed Kinetic Chain ◽  
Open Versus ◽  
Rehabilitation Exercises

Closed kinetic chain and functional rehabilitation have lately received increased attention in the rehabilitation community. The purpose of this paper is to review biomechanical considerations applicable to the lower extremity, in a way that clearly justifies the use of functionally sound rehabilitation exercises. The origin of the kinetic chain concept is reviewed, and the differences in biomechanical events in the foot, ankle, and knee under open versus closed chain conditions are described. An analysis of these biomechanical events supports the notion that function results from the integration of muscles and joints to achieve desired outcomes. This leads to the conclusion that rehabilitation exercises, in order to be functional, must demand integration of muscular activity, must be of a closed kinetic chain nature, and must challenge the utilization of normal proprioceptive mechanisms. Guidelines for the practical application of these principles are clearly outlined, and examples of functional activities are described. Readers are encouraged to explore creative and challenging approaches to help clients achieve their highest level of function.

Scientific Rationale and Physiological Basis for the Use of Closed Kinetic Chain Exercise in the Lower Extremity

1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn Snyder-Mackler
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Position Sense ◽  
Joint Position Sense ◽  
Kinetic Chain ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Common Component ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Closed Chain ◽  
Closed Kinetic Chain

Closed kinetic chain exercise is a common component of lower extremity rehabilitation. It has virtually replaced open kinetic chain exercise in the treatment of some conditions. In this paper, anatomy and physiology as they relate to closed chain exercise are examined to elucidate its unique contributions to rehabilitation. Claims made about the specificity, functionality, and safety of closed kinetic chain exercise are discussed. Muscle action, the stretch–shortening cycle, joint position sense, and clinical cases are used to illustrate the distinct role of closed kinetic chain exercise in rehabilitation.

scholarly journals Comparison of Lower Extremity Kinematics and Hip Muscle Activation During Rehabilitation Tasks Between Sexes

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen K. Dwyer ◽  
Samantha N. Boudreau ◽  
Carl G. Mattacola ◽  
Timothy L. Uhl ◽  
Christian Lattermann
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Gluteus Maximus ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Kinetic Chain ◽  
Closed Kinetic Chain ◽  
Hip Flexion ◽  
Rehabilitation Exercises

Abstract Context: Closed kinetic chain exercises are an integral part of rehabilitation programs after lower extremity injury. Sex differences in lower extremity kinematics have been reported during landing and cutting; however, less is known about sex differences in movement patterns and activation of the hip musculature during common lower extremity rehabilitation exercises. Objective: To determine whether lower extremity kinematics and muscle activation levels differ between sexes during closed kinetic chain rehabilitation exercises. Design: Cross-sectional with 1 between-subjects factor (sex) and 1 within-subjects factor (exercise). Setting: Research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Participants included 21 women (age  =  23 ± 5.8 years, height  =  167.6 ± 5.1 cm, mass  =  63.7 ± 5.9 kg) and 21 men (age  =  23 ± 4.0 years, height  =  181.4 ± 7.4 cm, mass  =  85.6 ± 16.5 kg). Intervention(s): In 1 testing session, participants performed 3 trials each of single-leg squat, lunge, and step-up-and-over exercises. Main Outcome Measure(s): We recorded the peak joint angles (degrees) of knee flexion and valgus and hip flexion, extension, adduction, and external rotation for each exercise. We also recorded the electromyographic activity of the gluteus maximus, rectus femoris, adductor longus, and bilateral gluteus medius muscles for the concentric and eccentric phases of each exercise. Results: Peak knee flexion angles were smaller and peak hip extension angles were larger for women than for men across all tasks. Peak hip flexion angles during the single-leg squat were smaller for women than for men. Mean root-mean-square amplitudes for the gluteus maximus and rectus femoris muscles in both the concentric and eccentric phases of the 3 exercises were greater for women than for men. Conclusions: Sex differences were observed in sagittal-plane movement patterns during the rehabilitation exercises. Because of the sex differences observed in our study, future researchers need to compare the findings for injured participants by sex to garner a better representation of altered kinematic angles and muscle activation levels due to injury.

Training and testing in open versus closed kinetic chain

2003 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 181-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Mayer ◽  
A. Schlumberger ◽  
R. van Cingel ◽  
Y. Henrotin ◽  
W. Laube ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Chain ◽  
Closed Kinetic Chain ◽  
Open Versus

scholarly journals Biomechanical Analysis Of The Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (7S) ◽  
pp. 43-43
Author(s):  
Ethan S. Welch ◽  
Matthew D. Watson ◽  
George J. Davies ◽  
Bryan L. Riemann
Keyword(s):  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Stability Test ◽  
Kinetic Chain ◽  
Closed Kinetic Chain

Biomechanical analysis of the closed kinetic chain upper extremity stability test in healthy young adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 120-125
Author(s):  
Ethan S. Welch ◽  
Matthew D. Watson ◽  
George J. Davies ◽  
Bryan L. Riemann
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Stability Test ◽  
Kinetic Chain ◽  
Closed Kinetic Chain

scholarly journals Effects of Open Versus Closed Kinetic Chain Exercises in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-173
Author(s):  
Nuray GİRGİN ◽  
Arzu ATICI ◽  
Pınar AKPINAR ◽  
İlknur AKTAŞ ◽  
Fatma YÜKSEK
Keyword(s):  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Kinetic Chain ◽  
Closed Kinetic Chain ◽  
Open Versus

Human Modeling for Biomechanical Analysis of Closed Kinetic Chain Exercises of the Leg

2019 ◽  
pp. 141-151
Author(s):  
Christian G. Chicoma ◽  
Fabricio G. Canales ◽  
Jose G. Garcia ◽  
Marco Morales ◽  
Dante A. Elias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Kinetic Chain ◽  
Human Modeling ◽  
Closed Kinetic Chain
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