The Mediational Mole of Social Influence in the Perception of Exertion

1986 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles J. Hardy ◽  
Evelyn G. Hall ◽  
Perry H. Prestholdt
Keyword(s):  
Social Influence ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Mediational Role

Two experiments are reported that investigate the mediational role of social influence in the self-perception of exertion. In Experiment 1, subjects performed three 15-min trials on a cycle ergometer at 25%, 50%, and 75% VO2max, both in the presence of another performer (a coactor) and alone. The results indicated that subjects reported lower RPEs when performing with another, particularly at the moderate (50%) intensity. In Experiment 2, subjects performed one 15-min trial at 50% of VO2max, both alone and in the presence of another performer (coactor) exhibiting nonverbal "cues" that the work was either extremely easy or extremely difficult. The results indicated that subjects exposed to the low-intensity cue information reported lower RPEs than when performing alone. Mo significant differences were noted for those subjects exposed to the high-intensity cue information. These findings are discussed in terms of a self-presentational analysis. That such effects were evidenced without physiological responses (VO2, VE, HR) accompanying them supports the notion that psychological variables can play a significant role in the self-perception of exertion. These results, however, are limited to untrained individuals exercising at moderate intensities.

scholarly journals Involvement of 5-HT3 receptors in pudendal inhibition of bladder overactivity in cats

2013 ◽  
Vol 305 (5) ◽  
pp. F663-F671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeyad Schwen ◽  
Yosuke Matsuta ◽  
Bing Shen ◽  
Jicheng Wang ◽  
James R. Roppolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Bladder Capacity ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Afferent Nerves ◽  
Normal Bladder ◽  
Pudendal Neuromodulation ◽  
Bladder Symptoms ◽  
Bladder Activity

In the present study, the role of 5-HT3 receptors in pudendal neuromodulation of bladder activity and its interaction with opioid receptors were investigated in anesthetized cats. The bladder was distended with either saline to induce normal bladder activity or with 0.25% acetic acid (AA) to induce bladder overactivity. Pudendal afferent nerves were activated by 5-Hz stimulation at multiples of the threshold (T) intensity for the induction of anal twitching. AA irritation significantly reduced bladder capacity to 16.5 ± 3.3% of saline control capacity, whereas pudendal nerve stimulation (PNS) at 1.5–2 and 3–4 T restored the capacity to 82.0 ± 12% ( P = 0.0001) and 98.6 ± 15% ( P < 0.0001), respectively. Cumulative doses (1–3 mg/kg iv) of ondansetron, a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, eliminated low-intensity (1.5–2 T) PNS inhibition and reduced high-intensity (3–4 T) PNS inhibition of bladder overactivity. During saline distention, PNS at 1.5–2 and 3–4 T significantly increased bladder capacity to 173.2 ± 26.4% ( P = 0.036) and 193.2 ± 22.5% ( P = 0.008), respectively, of saline control capacity, but ondansetron (0.003–3 mg/kg iv) did not alter PNS inhibition. Ondansetron (0.1–3 mg/kg) also significantly ( P < 0.05) increased control bladder capacity (50–200%) during either AA irritation or saline distention. In both conditions, the effects of low- and high-intensity PNS were not significantly different. After ondansetron (3 mg/kg) treatment, naloxone (1 mg/kg iv) significantly ( P < 0.05) decreased control bladder capacity (40–70%) during either AA irritation or saline distention but failed to affect PNS inhibition. This study revealed that activation of 5-HT3 receptors has a role in PNS inhibition of bladder overactivity. It also indicated that 5-HT3 receptor antagonists might be useful for the treatment of overactive bladder symptoms.

A Doe’s Call Grows into Lament: The Comparison with the Doe in Psalm 42:1 and its Meaning for the Description of the Næpæš

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Anja Marschall
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Biological Phenomenon ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
New Perspective

Abstract This paper questions the conventional interpretation of the doe-comparison in Ps 42:1 based on linguistic indications and a biological phenomenon. When the verb ערג is considered as a form of crying out and not of longing, it can be recognised that the næpæš is not only trying to reach God but is also constructively influencing the praying person towards this goal. This leads to a new perspective on the self-perception of the praying person and the role of the næpæš throughout the prayer. After initially rejecting the needs of the næpæš, in the last stanza, the praying person is finally transforming the performative screaming into formulated prayer: lament, petition, and praise. By turning to lament they are taking up the doe’s call and vindicating the næpæš’s intentions as essential and justified expressions of the self.

The Role of Callistemon Fruits and Infructescences in Protecting Seeds from Heat in Fires

1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire L. Brown ◽  
Robert J. Whelan
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Percentage Germination ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Australian Plant

A number of Australian plant species tolerate fires because seeds are protected in woody fruits and are released after fire, but there is little information about the role of the fruit, or a collection of fruits, in protecting seed from the heat of a fire. This study examined the effects of various temperatures applied to infructescences of Callistemon citrinus (Curtis) Skeels on seed germination. The protective role of the dense collection of fruits in maintaining seed viability was tested by experimentally ‘thinning’ infructescences before heating. Heating of infructescences significantly increased the percentage of seeds germinating from less than 20% at room temperature to over 35% at 200˚C, but caused a decline, with further temperature increase to 800˚C. There was a slight but statistically significant increase in the percentage germination of seeds from thinned infructescences. Increased germination following exposure to high temperature may be a way for a plant to synchronise germination after high-intensity fire, while spreading it out if seeds are released in the absence of fire or after a low-intensity fire.

scholarly journals Physiological responses of batsmen during a simulated One Day International century

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Pote
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Respiratory Exchange Ratio ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
The Other ◽  
Match Play ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Training Programmes

Background: There is a limited amount of literature on thephysiological cost of batting. Of the studies that have beencompleted, most have used protocols that are of short durationand high intensity, and it has been questioned whether thisrepresents actual game play. Furthermore, it is difficult to studysports such as cricket due to the intermittent nature of the game.Objective: To determine the physiological responses of batsmenduring a simulated One Day International century.Methods: Seventeen male batsmen from the Rhodes UniversityCricket Club performed a simulated batting work bout knownas the BATEX© protocol. The protocol consisted of six, five oversstages, each lasting 21 minutes. Three of the stages (stages one,three and five) were low-intensity stages and the other three(stages two, four and six) were high-intensity stages. During thework bout selected physiological responses were recorded..Results: Heart rate (124±15-159±14 beats.min-1), oxygen uptake(29.3±6.1-43.4±6.3 ml.kg-1.min-1), energy expenditure (48.1±9.2-109.2±10.5 kJ.min-1) and core temperature (37.7±0.3-38.7±0.4 oC)responses all increased significantly (p<0.05) between stageone and stage six. The respiratory exchange ratio decreasedsignificantly (p<0.05) between stages one and six (0.90±0.19-0.89±0.37).Conclusions: Batting is more physically demanding thanoriginally thought, and as a result training programmes shouldconcentrate on simulating real match play situations to improveperformance and reduce the risk of injury.

scholarly journals Efecto de la danza en la mejora de la autoestima y el autoconcepto en niños, niñas y adolescentes: Una revisión (Effect of dance on improving self-esteem and self-concept in children and adolescents: A review)

Retos ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 385-392
Author(s):  
Norma Vergara Vilchez ◽  
Alba Fuentes Sandoval ◽  
Hector Gonzales Chacana ◽  
Cynthia Cadagan Fuentes ◽  
Solange Morales Yañez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transition Period ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Self ◽  
Intervention Programs ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
School Life ◽  
Multifactor Analysis

  La adolescencia es un período de transición, comprendido entre la niñez y la etapa adulta, en la cual se presentan cambios físicos, emocionales y biopsicosociales que generan inestabilidad e incertidumbre. En ocasiones esto puede desembocar en el desarrollo de una baja autoestima producto de un autoconcepto o autopercepción sesgada por los contextos de vida. Esto puede traer consecuencias negativas para la vida escolar ya sea por una mala convivencia con sus pares, desarrollar poca confianza para exponer ideas o sentimientos negativos hacia su propia persona, entre otros. La danza y sus efectos en la autopercepción de adolescentes será abordada en este artículo sobre la base de una investigación de revisión bibliográfica realizada en diversas bases de datos que tuvo por objetivo identificar aquellos artículos que pudiesen ayudarnos a determinar en particular el efecto de la danza en la autopercepción y la autoestima en programas de intervención, es decir, sobre la base de las experiencias, más allá de la teoría. Posterior a la búsqueda bibliográfica, sólo 5 artículos se refieren en específico al objetivo planteado, lo que refuerza la idea del rol de este tipo de prácticas en la etapa escolar y una serie de consideraciones a mencionar en este artículo. También surgen cuestionamientos acerca de las escasas investigaciones de este tipo en esta área y de la importancia de incluir multifactores de análisis en el desarrollo de la autoestima y autoconcepto. Abstract. Adolescence is a transition period, between childhood and adulthood, in which physical, emotional, and biopsychosocial changes occur that generate instability and uncertainty. Sometimes this can lead to the development of low self-esteem as a result of a self-concept or self-perception biased by life contexts. This can have negative consequences for school life, either due to poor coexistence with peers, developing little confidence to expose negative ideas or feelings towards their own person among others. Dance and its effects on the self-perception of adolescents will be addressed in this article based on a bibliographic review investigation carried out in various databases that aimed to identify those articles that could help us determine in particular the effect of dance on Self-perception and self-esteem in intervention programs, that is, on the basis of experiences beyond theory. Of the result, 5 articles refer specifically to the proposed objective, which reinforces the idea of ​​the role of this type of practice in the school stage and a series of considerations to be mentioned in this article. Questions also arise about the scarcity of research of this type in this area and the importance of including multifactor analysis in the development of self-esteem and self-concept.

scholarly journals The role of locus of control and self-perception in the relationship between cyberbullying and depression, anxiety and stress in emerging adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-140
Author(s):  
Cătălina Maria Popoviciu
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
The Self ◽  
Cyber Victimization ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Moderator Role ◽  
The Relationship

The present study aims at identifying the mediator role of the self-perception and the moderator role of locus of control in the relationship between cyberbullying and depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. Seventy-two emerging adults between 20 to 25 years old were included in the study, filling in a series of measuring instruments for cyberbullying, self-perception, locus of control and depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. The results were statistically significant in terms of the role of self-perception as mediator in the relationship between cyber-victimization and depressive symptoms. Moreover, statistical results show that the global self-worth dimension of the self-perception construct and the school competence dimension are also mediators of the relationship between cyber-victimization and depressive symptoms. An increased level of cyber-victimization causes a low level of self-perception, which will cause an increased level of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. As regards the moderator role of locus of control, the results were not statistically significant in the case of the sample included in the study, locus of control does not moderate the relationship between cyberbullying and depression, anxiety and stress symptoms.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document