Dimensions of Leader Behavior in Sports: Development of a Leadership Scale

1980 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Chelladurai ◽  
S. D. Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Positive Feedback ◽  
Content Validity ◽  
Relative Stability ◽  
Factorial Validity ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
Coaching Behavior ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Reliability Coefficients

Three different samples (total N = 485) participated in the development and refinement of the Leadership Scale for Sports (LSS). A five-factor solution with 40 items describing the most salient dimensions of coaching behavior was selected as the most meaningful. These factors were named Training and Instruction, Democratic Behavior, Autocratic Behavior, Social Support, and Positive Feedback. Internal consistency estimates ranged from .45 to .93 and the test-retest reliability coefficients ranged from .71 to .82. The relative stability of the factor structure across the different samples confirmed the factorial validity of the scale. The interpretation of the factors established the content validity of the scale. Finally, possible uses of the LSS were pointed out.

Psychometric Properties of the Coach's Version of Leadership Scale for Sports

1988 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 795-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. M. Dwyer ◽  
Donald G. Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Social Desirability ◽  
Positive Feedback ◽  
Factorial Validity ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
The Relationship

Data from 38 wrestling coaches were used to examine the psychometric properties of Chelladurai and Saleh's Leadership Scale for Sports. Internal consistencies for three of the five subscales (training and instruction, democratic behavior, and positive feedback) were quite acceptable; for one subscale (social support) it was marginal; and for one subscale (autocratic behavior) it was unacceptably low. Further research examining test-retest reliability, factorial validity, and the relationship between the scale and social desirability is recommended.

Factorial Validity and Factorial Invariance Across Gender of the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale-Chinese version in Undergraduates

2021 ◽  
pp. 003329412110184
Author(s):  
Qian Liu ◽  
Huihui Yang ◽  
Wanrong Peng ◽  
Zhaoxia Liu ◽  
Jingwei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Factorial Invariance ◽  
Chinese Version ◽  
Factorial Validity ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Reliability Indicators ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Chinese Young Adults ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Objective This study was aimed to examine the factor structure and factorial invariance across gender of the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale-Chinese version (FMPS-CV). Methods The FMPS-CV was completed by 2451 undergraduates. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were performed to verify its factorial validity, and Multigroup CFA were performed to examine its factorial invariance across gender. Gender differences were compared on scores of FMPS-CV. The internal consistency and test-retest reliability were also detected. Clinical characteristics were compared between adaptive and maladaptive perfectionists categorized by positive and negative scores of FMPS-CV. Results CFA supported the six-factor structure of FMPS-CV, and Multigroup CFA evidenced its factorial invariance across gender. No significant gender differences were found. The adaptive perfectionists scored significantly lower on clinical variables than maladaptive perfectionists. Moreover, the reliability indicators met the standards. Conclusions The good psychometrics properties of FMPS-CV supported it could be used to assess perfectionism in Chinese young adults.

Covid-19 Literacy Scale: Turkish Validity and Reliability Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 105477382110598
Author(s):  
Ganime Can Gür ◽  
Yasemin Altinbaş
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Content Validity ◽  
Model Data ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Turkish Version ◽  
Reliability Study ◽  
Reliability Method ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

The current study was planned to test the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the COVID-19 Literacy Scale. The sample of the study was taken from 473 individuals. In this study, language validity, content validity and construct validity were examined to determine the validity of the scale. Its reliability was evaluated by internal consistency, split-half reliability, and test-retest reliability method. It was defined that the scale has a two-factor structure as a result of EFA and its factor loadings are in the appropriate range (0.852–0.324). According to the CFA result, it was determined that the model-data fit was at a good level. The Cronbach values for the whole scale and subscales were .92, .90, and .87, respectively. It was observed that the test-retest value was .95. It was concluded that the Turkish form of the COVID-19 Literacy Scale is a reliable and valid tool.

scholarly journals COLLEGE ATHLETES’ PERCEPTIONS OF COACHING BEHAVIOURS: DIFFERENCES BETWEEN INDIVIDUAL AND TEAM SPORTS

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (101) ◽  
pp. 61-65
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Aleksic Veljkovic ◽  
Dusanka Djurovic ◽  
Ivana Dimic ◽  
Rifat Mujanovic ◽  
Kamenka Zivcic Markovic
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Positive Feedback ◽  
College Athletes ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Leader Behavior ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Coaching Behaviors ◽  
Demographic Questionnaire ◽  
Coaching Behavior ◽  
Individual Sports

Background. The aim of this research was to examine differences between athletes’ perception of coaching behaviors in individual and team sports. Methods. College athletes (N = 100) participated in the study. Three questionnaires were administered to the athletes: Demographic questionnaire, Leadership Scale for Sports and Negative Coaching Behavior Questionnaire. Results. The results of this study revealed the significant differences among athletes’ perception of coaching behaviors in individual and team sports. Individual athletes in this study gave higher ratings to training and instruction, social support and positive feedback leader behavior from their coaches. Also, athletes from individual sports had smaller scores on two dimensions and total score of negative coaching behavior questionnaire. Conclusion. Those findings suggest that the behavior of the coach directed towards improving the performance of athletes` was higher evaluated from athletes in individual sports. Further studies should provide more information about coaches’ behavior during the competitive.

scholarly journals Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Hong Kong Version of the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HK-KOOS) for Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Andy S. K. Cheng ◽  
Ka-chun Chan ◽  
Sum-yuet Chan ◽  
Miu-kwan Fan ◽  
Man-kwan Fung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Cultural Adaptation ◽  
Content Validity ◽  
Knee Injury ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cross Cultural Adaptation ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Introduction. This study aimed to validate the Hong Kong version of the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HK-KOOS) for patients with knee osteoarthritis. Methods. Content validity was assessed using the Item and Scale Content Validity Index (I-CVI and S-CVI). Test-retest reliability and internal consistency were assessed by the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach’s alpha. Dimensionality was assessed by performing exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Convergent and Divergent Validity was performed by examining the correlation between the HK-KOOS and the Chinese version of the Short Form 12 (SF-12) Health Survey, the Chinese Modified Barthel Index (C-MBI), and the Visual Analogue Scale for Pain (VAS-Pain). Ceiling and floor effects were also examined. Results. A total of 125 participants were recruited in this study. In general, all instructions, items, and response options were considered as understandable, indicating a satisfactory cross-cultural adaptation. The I-CVI and S-CVI scores were 0.80-1 and 0.90-1, respectively, indicating excellent content validity in terms of relevance, representativeness, and understandability. The test-retest reliability of all HK-KOOS subscales was satisfactory with ICC exceeding 0.70 for all domains. Cronbach’s alpha exceeded 0.80 for all subscales, indicating satisfactory internal consistency. Medium to strong correlations were found between the HK-KOOS and the VAS-Pain, SF-12, and C-MBI. However, factor analysis indicated a seven-factor structure, rather than the original five-factor structure. Items on pain and activities of daily living were loaded in the same factors. A floor effect was present in the sports and recreation subscale. Discussion and Conclusions. Future studies should further examine the dimensionality of the KOOS. The HK-KOOS is a culturally adapted, reliable, and valid outcome measure instrument to be used in Hong Kong patients with primary knee osteoarthritis.

scholarly journals Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Simplified Chinese Version of the Lower Extremity Functional Scale

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Chuanxin Zhang ◽  
Yaqun Liu ◽  
Shuai Yuan ◽  
Tianbo Yang ◽  
Yuan Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Content Validity ◽  
Functional Scale ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Simplified Chinese ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Lower Extremity Functional Scale

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to cross-culturally adapt and validate the Simplified Chinese version of the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (SC-LEFS). Methods. The original English version of the Lower Extremity Functional Scale was translated and cross-culturally adapted into Simplified Chinese according to international guidelines. The SC-LEFS and 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey were administered to 213 patients with lower extremity musculoskeletal disorders. Psychometric properties including internal consistency, test-retest reliability, content validity, and construct validity were tested. Results. There were no floor or ceiling effects for the SC-LEFS. The scale had high values for internal consistency (Cronbach α=0.97) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient=0.97). Corrected item-total correlations for every item ranged from 0.67 to 0.89. And the item-level content validity index (I-CVI) for each item ranged from 0.78 to 1.00. Principal component analysis revealed a one-factor structure. Nine of ten prior hypotheses were confirmed, which further supports good construct validity within the SC-LEFS. Conclusion. The SC-LEFS has high internal consistency, good test-retest reliability and content validity, convergent construct validity, and a one-factor structure. Thus, it could be regarded as a reliable and valid tool to assess activity limitations in Chinese patients with lower extremity musculoskeletal disorders.

Stability in the Factor Structure of the Modernity Scale: Implications for Factorial Validity

1981 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1311-1314
Author(s):  
Gary Leak ◽  
Vickie M. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Public University ◽  
Factorial Validity ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
Small Church ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Two Samples

The factorial in variance of the Modernity Scale was investigated by using two samples of students (over two years) from a public university in the Pacific Northwest and two samples of students (over two semesters) from a small, church-affiliated university in the Midwest. Factor analysis consistently yielded a four factor solution, with the first factor demonstrating stability across the two church samples and across universities. However, the remaining factors failed to produce any evidence of factor stability. The lack of stability in three of four factors identified in various analyses casts doubt on the factorial validity of the entire scale.

scholarly journals Assessment of Motor Planning and Inhibition Performance in Non-Clinical Sample—Reliability and Factor Structure of the Tower of London and Go/No Go Computerized Tasks

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1420
Author(s):  
Ernest Tyburski ◽  
Magdalena Kerestey ◽  
Pavlo Kerestey ◽  
Stanisław Radoń ◽  
Shane T. Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Initial Time ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
Tower Of London ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

In two studies, we examine the test-retest reliability and factor structure of the computerized Tower of London (TOL) and Go/No Go (GNG). Before analyses, raw results of variables that were not normally distributed were transformed. Study 1 examined the reliability of a broad spectrum of indicators (Initial Time Thinking, ITT; Execution Time, ET; Full Time, FT; Extra Moves, EM; No Go Errors, NGE; Reaction Time for Go Responses, RTGR) across an eight-week delay in a sample of 20 young adults. After correction for multiple comparisons and correlations, our results demonstrate that the tasks have ambiguous test-retest reliability coefficients (non-significant r for all indicators, and interclass correlation (ICC) for TOL; significant ICC for GNG; show lack of reliable change over time for all indicators in both tasks); moreover, ITT exhibits strong practice effects. Study 2 investigated both tasks’ factor structure and conducted a more detailed analysis of indicators for each trial (ITT, ET, EM) in the TOL task in the group of 95 young adults. Results reveal a satisfactory 2-factor solution, with the first factor (planning inhibition) defined by ITT, NGE, and RTGR, and the second factor (move efficiency) defined by EM and ET. The detailed analysis identified a 6-factor solution with the first factor defined by ITT for more difficult trials and the remaining five factors defined by EM and ET for each trial, reflecting move efficiency for each trial separately.

Factor Structure and Longitudinal Factorial Validity of the Core Self-Evaluation Scale

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 444-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Mäkikangas ◽  
Ulla Kinnunen ◽  
Saija Mauno ◽  
Eva Selenko
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Factor Loading ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Factorial Validity ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
University Employees ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Self

Abstract. The personality high-order concept of core self-evaluations (CSE), which refers to a basic evaluation of one’s worth, capability, and effectiveness, has attracted a lot of research interest. Yet little is known about the construct validity of the core self-evaluation scale (CSES) while information on its longitudinal factorial validity is wholly lacking. This study investigated the factor structure of the CSES using both confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis implemented in Mplus program. In addition, the factor loading invariance over time was investigated using exploratory structural equation modeling. Longitudinal data with three follow-ups over 2 years, gathered among university employees (n = 926 (T3)–2,137 (T1)), were used. The results showed that a two-factor solution comprising the sub-dimensions Internal and External self-evaluations fitted to the data better than the alternative factor models. The two-factor solution was also invariant across the three measurements. It is concluded that the CSES could be used as a two-dimensional instead of a one-dimensional scale. Splitting the scale into the two sub-dimensions of Internal and External self-evaluations revealed that the concept has a finer-grained structure than hitherto thought.

French Adaptation of the Childhood Executive Functioning Inventory (CHEXI)

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinne Catale ◽  
Caroline Lejeune ◽  
Sarah Merbah ◽  
Thierry Meulemans
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Cognitive Measures ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Rating Instrument ◽  
Functioning Inventory ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Thorell and Nyberg (2008 ) recently developed the Childhood Executive Functioning Inventory (CHEXI), a new rating instrument for executive functioning in day-to-day life which can be divided into four subscales: working memory, planning, inhibition, and regulation. Using an exploratory factor analysis on data from young Swedish children attending kindergarten, Thorell and Nyberg (2008 ) found a two-factor solution that taps working memory and inhibition. In the present study, we explored the psychometric characteristics of the French adaptation of the CHEXI. A group of 95 parents of 5- and 6-year-old children completed the CHEXI, 87 of whom were given clinical inhibition and working memory tasks. Confirmatory factor analyses confirmed the two-factor solution based on inhibition and working memory that was identified in the original study of Swedish children. Supplementary results indicated good internal and test-retest reliability for the entire scale, as well as for the two subscales identified. Correlation analyses showed no relationship between cognitive measures and the CHEXI subscales. Possible clinical applications for the CHEXI scales are discussed.

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