Prediction: The Modern-Day Sport-Science and Sports-Medicine “Quest for the Holy Grail”

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 704-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan McCall ◽  
Maurizio Fanchini ◽  
Aaron J. Coutts
Keyword(s):  
Sports Medicine ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Psychological Tests ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Holy Grail ◽  
Sport Science ◽  
The Common ◽  
Injury Screening

In high-performance sport, science and medicine practitioners employ a variety of physical and psychological tests, training and match monitoring, and injury-screening tools for a variety of reasons, mainly to predict performance, identify talented individuals, and flag when an injury will occur. The ability to “predict” outcomes such as performance, talent, or injury is arguably sport science and medicine’s modern-day equivalent of the “Quest for the Holy Grail.” The purpose of this invited commentary is to highlight the common misinterpretation of studies investigating association to those actually analyzing prediction and to provide practitioners with simple recommendations to quickly distinguish between methods pertaining to association and those of prediction.

Glucocorticoid prescribing habits of sports medicine physicians working in high-performance sport: a 30-nation survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 402-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Hughes ◽  
Nicole Vlahovich ◽  
Marijke Welvaert ◽  
Nicolin Tee ◽  
Peter Harcourt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Therapeutic Use ◽  
Clearance Rates ◽  
Prescribing Habits ◽  
Glucocorticoid Administration ◽  
The Common

ObjectivesGlucocorticoids are commonly prescribed in medicine. When administered via certain routes, glucocorticoids are prohibited for incompetition use by WADA. The glucocorticoid prescribing habits of sports medicine doctors have not been reported.MethodsAn online survey was distributed internationally to physicians working in high-performance sports. The survey queried the doctors about their use of glucocorticoids with athletes and their understanding of WADA’s regulations regarding glucocorticoid use in competition.Results603 sports medicine doctors from 30 different countries participated. The majority (>85%) routinely injected glucocorticoids and/or prescribed glucocorticoids by other routes. There were substantial differences in the common routes of injection as well as types of glucocorticoid used among the physicians from various countries. A relatively small percentage of sports doctors (<25%) accurately identified which routes of glucocorticoid administration are prohibited in competition by WADA. There was a great variation in how long before competition the use of glucocorticoids would cause the doctor to consider applying for a therapeutic use exemption (TUE). A better understanding of the clearance rates of glucocorticoids from athletes’ bodies would greatly aid sports medicine doctors’ decisions on how and when to apply for a TUE. A small number of doctors had observed side effects of glucocorticoid administration, with the majority of side effects being minor in nature.ConclusionGlucocorticoids are widely prescribed by sports physicians. There is a need to better educate sports physicians on the current WADA regulations in relation to glucocorticoid administration.

Sport, science and politics in Indonesia: challenges in epistemology within an evolving global context

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 4-17
Author(s):  
John Saunders ◽  
Rusli Lutan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Health Science ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Sport Science ◽  
Economic Entity ◽  
Science And Politics ◽  
International Sport

This paper considers the current status of physical education and sport science in Indonesia from the perspective of the development of the professional knowledge base and research culture surrounding its practice. It seeks to place the field’s development within the broader context of international sport studies from 1945 to 2020. It identifies as major influences the process of globalisation and the growth of international sport as a significant political and economic entity. Physical education is acknowledged as a common historical base for the three modern strands within contemporary sports studies – medical /and health science, high performance studies, and sports business management. Future developments are considered in the context of the current pandemic. Covid19 and the world’s response to it has impacted on some key dimensions which underpin the current global sports economy – namely easy and convenient travel and the gathering of crowds in the widespread consumption of live sport. It is suggested that this might cause a major reset in the conduct of elite sport and sport festivals. The continuing growth of the physical activity and health sector is predicted and in the context of the serious challenges facing the sporting sector a case is made for increased resources to be moved back into the educational study and practice of sport and physical activity as a universal good.

scholarly journals Fast Comparison of High-Precision Time Scales Using GNSS Receivers

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Vojtech Vigner ◽  
Jaroslav Roztocil
Keyword(s):  
Time Scales ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Data Format ◽  
Common View ◽  
Log Files ◽  
Gnss Receivers ◽  
Precision Time ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Difference

Comparison of high-performance time scales generated by atomic clocks in laboratories of time and frequency metrology is usually performed by means of the Common View method. Laboratories are equipped with specialized GNSS receivers which measure the difference between a local time scale and a time scale of the selected satellite. Every receiver generates log files in CGGTTS data format to record measured differences. In order to calculate time differences recorded by two receivers, it is necessary to obtain these logs from both receivers and process them. This paper deals with automation and speeding up of these processes.

scholarly journals Intergrating injury screening with measurement and monitoring: a conceptual approach using a patient global assessment of the body and limbs scale

2006 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Gabel ◽  
L. Bardin ◽  
B. Burkett ◽  
A. Neller
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Global Assessment ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
The Body ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Chronic Patients ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Injury Screening

Purpose: To  develop a conceptual model for patients withmusculoskeletal injuries that relates Injury Screening to Measurement and Monitoring (ISMAM). Screening scores would predict quantifiable outcomes on a proposed Global Assessment of Body And Limbs (GABAL) composite scale.  The scale would define status as a percentage of pre-injury capacity using quantitative and qualitative self report outcome measures combined with work and life status data. Background: Screening questionnaires use psychosocial yellow flags and activity limitation to identify potential chronic patients. Outcome measures provide clinical evidence by establishing patient status and assessing intervening change.  Independently developed,definitive statistical links between these established concepts are yet to be determined. Description: The ISMAM components are integrated using a graph of time versus score on the GABAL-scale with initial screening predicting recovery time to a designated pre-injury percentage level.  Actual status would be assessed through initial then subsequent sequential measurements with GABAL-scale scores enabling trendline analysis to  verify if the rate of actual recovery coincides with that predicted by screening. Observations: Face and content validity are apparent because validated screening tools are available and the requiredcomponents for the GABAL-scale would be existing validated outcome measures and quantifiable data.Conclusions: This model should provide a practical method of integrating screening and global measurement thatfacilitates communication across agencies and professions.  A clinical research trial to validate the ISMAM concepthas been initiated.

scholarly journals 2 + 1 Highways: Overview and Future Directions

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Manuel Romana ◽  
Marilo Martin-Gasulla ◽  
Ana T. Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
High Performance ◽  
White Paper ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Traffic Volumes ◽  
Primary Means ◽  
The Common ◽  
Rural Access ◽  
Transportation Research

Most of the rural transportation system is composed of two-lane highways, and many of them serve as the primary means for rural access to urban areas and freeways. In some highways, traffic volumes can be not high enough to justify a four-lane highway but higher than can be served by isolated passing lanes, or can present high number of head-on collisions. In those conditions, 2 + 1 highways are potentially applicable. This type of highway is used to provide high-performance highways as intermediate solution between the common two-lane highway and the freeway. Successful experiences reported in Germany, Sweden, Finland, Poland, or Texas (US) may suggest that they are potentially applicable in other countries. The objective of this white paper is to provide an overview of the past practice in 2 + 1 highways and discuss the research directions and challenges in this field, specially focusing on, but not limited to, operational research in association with the activities of the Subcommittee on Two-Lane Highways (AHB40 2.2) of the Transportation Research Board. The significance of this paper is twofold: (1) it provides wider coverage of past 2 + 1 highways design and evaluation, and (2) it discusses future directions of this field.

Preference for Sex of the Child Among Pregnant Women

1971 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Uddenberg ◽  
P.-E. Almgren ◽  
Å. Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Field Dependence ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Psychological Tests ◽  
Nulliparous Women ◽  
Field Dependent ◽  
Mental Symptoms ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
The Common

One hundred and fifty-two randomly selected pregnant women were examined and followed up by interviews and psychological tests during pregnancy and after parturition. The present paper is focused upon factors which determine the woman's preference for the sex of her expected child. It was shown that women who already have one or more children generally wanted the expected child to be of the opposite sex to her youngest child. Thus, the main part of the study was limited to eighty-one nulliparous women.Associations were found between the woman's preference for the sex of the child and several factors such as the sex of her own siblings and her position among them, her education, intelligence and degree of field-dependence indicating immaturity and lack of autonomy.Several of the findings presented refute the common supposition that nulliparous women generally want to give birth to a son, and that the arrival of a son is more satisfactory. Women wishing for a son were found to be somewhat more field-dependent than other women and somewhat more often reported that they had experienced a range of mental symptoms before the current pregnancy. Women wishing for a boy also reported more mental symptoms during the post-partum period. Moreover, those women who gave birth to a son reperted more symptoms at this time than those who gave birth to a daughter, and paradoxically the most affected were those who had wished for a son and had had their wishes fulfilled. The arrival of a daughter therefore seems to be equally satisfactory to the mother, at least as measured by the criteria used in this investigation.

Bridging the gap between sport science and coaching: A qualitative analysis of perceptions of South African coaches

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
Alliance Kubayi ◽  
Yoga Coopoo ◽  
Abel Toriola
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Sport Science ◽  
Wide Gap ◽  
Sport And Recreation ◽  
Sport Coaches ◽  
High Performance Level

There exists a wide gap between coaches’ needs and the information that is being disseminated by sport scientists. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine coaches’ perceptions concerning this bridging the knowledge gap between sport science and coaching in South Africa. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight high-performance sport coaches aged 24 to 42 years (M age = 33.50, SD = 6.44 years). Coaches participated in the study if they met the following selection criteria: (1) coaching a priority sport recommended by Sport and Recreation South Africa and (2) having been in coaching for at least five years at a high-performance level. Following a thematic analysis of the transcripts, the following three broad themes emerged: (1) sources of coaching knowledge, (2) barriers to sport science support, and (3) coaches’ thoughts about knowledge transfer. Recommendations on strategies to close the gap between sport scientists and coaches are provided.

scholarly journals Transformerless Quasi-Z-Source Inverter to Reduce Leakage Current for Single-Phase Grid-Tied Applications

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Woo-Young Choi ◽  
Min-Kwon Yang
Keyword(s):  
Leakage Current ◽  
Power Efficiency ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Power Devices ◽  
Common Mode Voltage ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
Frequency Components ◽  
The Common ◽  
Current Reduction

The conventional single-phase quasi-Z-source (QZS) inverter has a high leakage current as it is connected to the grid. To address this problem, this paper proposes a transformerless QZS inverter, which can reduce the leakage current for single-phase grid-tied applications. The proposed inverter effectively alleviates the leakage current problem by removing high-frequency components for the common-mode voltage. The operation principle of the proposed inverter is described together with its control strategy. A control scheme is presented for regulating the DC-link voltage and the grid current. A 1.0 kW prototype inverter was designed and tested to verify the performance of the proposed inverter. Silicon carbide (SiC) power devices were applied to the proposed inverter to increase the power efficiency. The experimental results showed that the proposed inverter achieved high performance for leakage current reduction and power efficiency improvement.

scholarly journals Hepatocyte-based flow analytical bioreactor for online xenobiotics metabolism bioprediction

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 184954351770289
Author(s):  
M Helvenstein ◽  
S Hambÿe ◽  
B Blankert
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
Magnetically Trapped ◽  
Major Interest

The research for new in vitro screening tools for predictive metabolic profiling of drug candidates is of major interest in the pharmaceutical field. The main motivation is to avoid late rejection in drug development and to deliver safer drugs to the market. Thanks to the superparamagnetic properties of iron oxide nanoparticles, a flow bioreactor has been developed which is able to perform xenobiotic metabolism studies. The selected cell line (HepaRG) maintained its metabolic competencies once iron oxide nanoparticles were internalized. Based on magnetically trapped cells in a homemade immobilization chamber, through which a flow of circulating phase was injected to transport nutrients and/or the studied xenobiotic, off-line and online (when coupled to a high-performance liquid chromatography chain) metabolic assays were developed using diclofenac as a reference compound. The diclofenac demonstrated a similar metabolization profile chromatogram, both with the newly developed setup and with the control situation. Highly versatile, this pioneering and innovative instrumental design paves the way for a new approach in predictive metabolism studies.

Design and Implementation of QCA D-Flip-Flops and RAM Cell Using Majority Gates

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (05) ◽  
pp. 1950079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trailokya Nath Sasamal ◽  
Ashutosh Kumar Singh ◽  
Umesh Ghanekar
Keyword(s):  
Circuit Design ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Memory Cell ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Flip Flop ◽  
Negative Edge ◽  
Wire Crossing ◽  
The Common

Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is one of the promising technologies that enable nanoscale circuit design with high performance and low-power consumption features. As memory cell and flip-flops are rudimentary for most of the digital circuits, having a high speed, and a less complex memory cell is significantly important. This paper presents novel architecture of D flip-flops and memory cell using a recently proposed five-input majority gate in QCA technology and simulated by QCADesigner tool version 2.0.3. The simulation results show that the proposed D flip-flops and the memory cell are more superior to the existing designs by considering the common design parameters. The proposed RAM cell spreads over an area of 0.12[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m2and delay of 1.5 clock cycles. The proposed level-triggered, positive/negative edge-triggered, and dual edge-triggered D flip-flop uses 14%, 33%, and 21% less area, whereas the latency is 40%, 27%, and 25% less when compared to the previous best design. In addition, all the proposed designs are implemented in a single layer QCA and do not require any single or multilayer wire crossing.

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