Energy and Nutrient Intakes of the United States National Women's Artistic Gymnastics Team

1998 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satya S. Jonnalagadda ◽  
Dan Benardot ◽  
Marian Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Dietary Practices ◽  
National Team ◽  
Mineral Supplements ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Calcium Iron

The nutrient intakes and dietary practices of elite, U.S. national team, artistic female gymnasts (n = 33) were evaluated using 3-day food records. The gymnasts' reported energy intake was 34.4 kcal/kg (total 1,678 kcal/day), which was 20% below the estimated energy requirement. The contributions of protein, fat, and carbohydrate to total energy intake were 17%, 18%, and 66%, respectively. All reported vitamin intakes, except vitamin E, were above the RDA. The reported mineral intakes, especially calcium, zinc, and magnesium, were less than 100% of the RDA. The overall nutrient densities of the subjects' diets were higher than expected. Eighty-two percent of the gymnasts reported taking nonprescription vitamin and mineral supplements, and 10% reported taking prescription vitamin and mineral supplements. Forty-eight percent of the gymnasts reported being on a self-prescribed diet. Compared to NHANES III, the reported nutrient intake of these gymnasts was different from that of the average U.S. adolescent female. In summary, certain key nutrients such as calcium, iron, and zinc should be given more attention to prevent nutrient deficiencies and subsequent health consequences.

scholarly journals Low Dietary Intakes of Essential Nutrients during Pregnancy in Vietnam

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cong Nguyen ◽  
Dong Hoang ◽  
Phung Nguyen ◽  
Anh Ha ◽  
Tan Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Food Composition Tables ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Calcium Iron

Inadequate intake of nutrients during pregnancy has been associated with poor pregnancy and infant outcomes; however, evidence remains limited in low-resource settings in Asia. This paper assessed food, macronutrient, and micronutrient intakes among 1944 Vietnamese pregnant women. Dietary information was collected via an interviewer-administered food frequency questionnaire, and nutrient intakes were estimated using the Vietnamese food composition tables. The levels of nutrient intakes were evaluated against the Vietnamese recommended nutrient intakes (RNI) for pregnancy. The diet profiles were reported as means and percentages. The average daily food intakes across socio-demographic factors were compared using ANOVA, with adjustment for multiple comparisons by the Tukey–Kramer test. Rice, fruits, and vegetables were the main food sources consumed. The mean energy intake was 2004 kcal/day with 15.9%, 31.8%, and 52.2% of energy deriving from proteins, fats, and carbohydrates, respectively. Just over half of the women did not meet the RNI for total energy intake. The intakes of essential micronutrients including folate, calcium, iron, and zinc were below the RNI, and almost all pregnant women failed to meet the recommendations for these micronutrients. The associations of maternal age, education, and pre-pregnancy body mass index with nutrient intakes varied across the nutrient subgroups. Targeted programs are needed to improve nutrient intakes in Vietnamese pregnant women.

Nutrition Knowledge and Dietary Composition in Italian Adolescent Female Athletes and Non-athletes

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adamasco Cupisti ◽  
Claudia D’Alessandro ◽  
Silvia Castrogiovanni ◽  
Alice Barale ◽  
Ester Morelli
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Nutrition Knowledge ◽  
Adolescent Females ◽  
Dietary Composition ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Sport Practice ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Calcium Iron

This study aims to investigate dietary composition and nutrition knowledge of 60 athlete and 59 non-athlete adolescent females (age, 14-18 years), using a 3-day food recall and a questionnaire on nutrition. The reported daily energy intake was similar in athletes and non-athletes, but less than the recommended and the estimated requirements. In the athletes, the energy supply from breakfast was higher than in the non-athletes (18.5 ± 6.6 vs. 15.0 ± 8.2%, p < .005). Energy intake from carbohydrates was higher (53.6 ± 6.2 vs. 49.8 ± 63%, p < .05) and that from lipids was lower (30.4 ± 5.5 vs. 34.2 ± 5.2%, p < .001) in athletes than in non-athletes. Athletes also showed higher fiber (20.0 ± 5.8 vs. 14.1 ± 4.3 g/day, p < .001). iron (10.6±5.1 vs. 7.5 ± 2.1 mg/day,/7 < .001) and vitamin A (804 ± 500 vs, 612 ± 456 μg/day, p < .05) reported intake than non-athletes. Calcium, iron, and zinc intake were less than 100% RDA in both groups. Athletes gave a slightly higher rate of correct answers on the nutrition knowledge questionnaire (77.6 vs. 71.6%,p < .01) than non-athletes. In conclusion, the overall recalled dietary intake and nutrition knowledge of the studied adolescent females show some misconceptions and nutrient deficiencies, but the results in athletes are quite better man in non-athletes, suggesting a favorable role of sport practice on dietary habits and nutrition knowledge.

Nutritional Practices of Elite Female Surfers during Training and Competition

1998 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenni M. Felder ◽  
Louise M. Burke ◽  
Brian J. Lowdon ◽  
David Cameron-Smith ◽  
Gregory R. Collier
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Dietary Practices ◽  
Zinc Intake ◽  
Fat Stores ◽  
Food Diaries ◽  
And Training

The aim of this study was to assess the dietary practices of 10 elite female surfers. Four- and five-day food diaries completed over competition and training periods demonstrated energy intakes (mean ± SD) of 9,468 kJ (±2,007) and 8,397 kJ (±1,831), respectively. This level of energy intake was less than that estimated for the requirements of surfing. Female surfers' carbohydrate intakes failed to meet the recommendations, and suboptimal zinc intake was observed with 90% of subjects not meeting the Australian RDI. Comparisons between competition and training demonstrated that carbohydrate (g and g/kg body weight) and confectionary (g) intakes were significantly higher (p < .05) and protein intake was significantly lower (p < .05) during competition. These results show that although body fat stores were not compromised (mean 22%), self-reported energy, carbohydrate, and nutrient intakes were marginal in elite female surfers. Questionnaires revealed that 90% of surfers did not have good nutritional habits while traveling, which was compounded by a lack of knowledge of nutritional practices.

scholarly journals Complementary Feeding Diets Made of Local Foods Can Be Optimized, but Additional Interventions Will Be Needed to Meet Iron and Zinc Requirements in 6- to 23-Month-Old Children in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 544-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saskia J. M. Osendarp ◽  
Britt Broersen ◽  
Marti J. van Liere ◽  
Luz M. De-Regil ◽  
Lavannya Bahirathan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Local Foods ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Modeling Techniques ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Calcium Iron ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Background: The question whether diets composed of local foods can meet recommended nutrient intakes in children aged 6 to 23 months living in low- and middle-income countries is contested. Objective: To review evidence of studies evaluating whether (1) macro- and micronutrient requirements of children aged 6 to 23 months from low- and middle-income countries are met by the consumption of locally available foods (“observed intake”) and (2) nutrient requirements can be met when the use of local foods is optimized, using modeling techniques (“modeled intake”). Methods: Twenty-three articles were included after conducting a systematic literature search. To allow for comparisons between studies, findings of 15 observed intake studies were compared against their contribution to a standardized recommended nutrient intake from complementary foods. For studies with data on intake distribution, %< estimated average requirements were calculated. Results: Data from the observed intake studies indicate that children aged 6 to 23 months meet requirements of protein, while diets are inadequate in calcium, iron, and zinc. Also for energy, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, folate, and vitamin C, children did not always fulfill their requirements. Very few studies reported on vitamin B6, B12, and magnesium, and no conclusions can be drawn for these nutrients. When diets are optimized using modeling techniques, most of these nutrient requirements can be met, with the exception of iron and zinc and in some settings calcium, folate, and B vitamins. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that optimizing the use of local foods in diets of children aged 6 to 23 months can improve nutrient intakes; however, additional cost-effective strategies are needed to ensure adequate intakes of iron and zinc.

scholarly journals Macro- and Micro-nutrient Intake of Adolescent Greek Female Volleyball Players

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Souzana K. Papadopoulou ◽  
Sophia D. Papadopoulou ◽  
George K. Gallos
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Food Record ◽  
National Team ◽  
Fat Consumption ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Micronutrient Intake ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
Calcium Iron

Adequate nutrition is critically important for the achievement of the adolescent athlete’s optimal performance. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the adequacy of macro- and micro-nutrients in the adolescent Greek female volleyball players’ diet. The subjects of the study consisted of 16 players who were members of the Junior National Team (NP) and 49 players who participated in the Junior National Championship (CP). Dietary intake was assessed using a 3-day food record. Protein intake (16.0 ± 4.9% of total energy intake) was satisfactory, whereas fat consumption (37.5 ± 11.1%) was above recommended values and at the expense of carbohydrate intake (45.9 ± 12.5%). There were no significant differences between NP and CP concerning the intake of macronutrients, except for the fat intake (when this is expressed in grams per day and grams per kilogram of body weight and the saturated fat intake, which were both higher in NP compared to CP players (p < .05). The mean energy intake was 2013 ± 971 and 1529 ± 675 kcal for NP and CP, respectively (p < .05). NP, in particular, consumed fat and especially saturated fat in order to meet their energy needs. As for micronutrients, the volleyball players fell short of meeting the RDA values for calcium, iron, folk acid, magnesium, zinc, and vitamins A, B1, B2, and B6. There was no difference between NP and CP in micronutrient intake. In conclusion, subjects in the current study lacked proper nutrition in terms of quantity and quality.

scholarly journals Assessing individual dietary intake from common-plate meals: a new tool for an enduring practice

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2464-2472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Abu-Saad ◽  
Danit R Shahar ◽  
Heiger Abu-Shareb ◽  
Hillel Vardi ◽  
Natalya Bilenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Relative Standard Error ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Physical Activity Levels ◽  
Nutritional Surveillance

AbstractObjectiveThe purposes of the present study were to estimate individual intake from common-plate meals among Bedouin Arabs using a modified 24 h recall questionnaire, and to evaluate reported energy intake (EI) by comparison with estimated energy requirement (EER).DesignWeighed records were used to develop a method of quantifying intake from common plates. Reported EI and nutrient intakes were obtained from administration of the modified 24 h recall. The relative standard error (RSE) was used to evaluate the reliability of reported nutrient intakes. The FAO/WHO/United Nations University and Oxford equations and reported physical activity levels were used to compute ratios of reported EI to BMR and EER.SettingPopulation centres of traditionally semi-nomadic Bedouin Arabs undergoing sedentarization/urbanization in southern Israel.SubjectsA convenience sample of 451 adults (aged 19–82 years).ResultsMean (se) energy intake was 9648 (276) kJ/d (2306 (66) kcal/d) for men and 8230 (172) kJ/d (1967 (41) kcal/d) for women, of which carbohydrates accounted for 63–64 %. The nutrient intakes evaluated had RSE ratios of less than 25 %. EI:EER ratios ranged from 0·86 to 0·89, and from 0·87 to 0·93 among non-dieters who ate the usual amount on the recall day.ConclusionsThe modified 24 h recall produced plausible estimates of energy and nutrient intakes, comparable to those obtained with the 24 h recall in other populations. The modified questionnaire makes an important contribution to facilitating large-scale nutritional surveillance in the Bedouin population, and may serve as a model for modifying dietary instruments to quantify individual intake in other populations that practise common-plate eating.

The nutrition of the female mink (Mustela vison). II. The energy requirement for maintenance

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Farrell ◽  
A. J. Wood
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Close Agreement ◽  
Research Council ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
The United States ◽  
Animal Nutrition ◽  
Cage Size

The apparent digestible energy requirement of the adult female mink for maintenance purposes has been determined and found to be in close agreement with that suggested by the Committee on Animal Nutrition of the United States National Research Council. The energy intake data recorded are best described by the equation, intake = 0.226 weight + 14, under conditions of body weight stasis with the animals housed in ranch-type cages. Cage size had a definite influence on the requirement for energy. The mink appears to have a higher maintenance requirement than would be predictable from work with other species.

Composition of Apple Juice

1983 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 1251-1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard R Mattick ◽  
James C Moyer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Data Base ◽  
Apple Juice ◽  
The United States ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Potassium Sodium ◽  
Calcium Iron

Abstract Thirty-one samples from 8 geographic growing regions of the United States and 15 varieties common to these areas were converted to apple juice and analyzed for their attributes over the 3 year period 1979, 1980, and 1981. The total of 93 samples were analyzed for ash, brix, pH, proline, specific gravity, total acid, sorbitol, sucrose, fructose, and glucose. The elements cadmium, calcium, iron, lead, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, and zinc were also determined. These data are presented to serve as a data base for the detection of fraudulent or adulterated apple juice.

Energy Intakes of Ultraendurance Cyclists During Competition, an Observational Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine E. Black ◽  
Paula M.L. Skidmore ◽  
Rachel C. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Deficit ◽  
Food Diary ◽  
Food And Drink ◽  
And Performance

Endurance events >10 hr are becoming increasingly popular but provide numerous physiological challenges, several of which can be attenuated with optimal nutritional intakes. Previous studies in ultraendurance races have reported large energy deficits during events. The authors therefore aimed to assess nutritional intakes in relation to performance among ultraendurance cyclists. This observational study included 18 cyclists in a 384-km cycle race. At race registration each cyclist’s support crew was provided with a food diary for their cyclist. On completion of the race, cyclists were asked to recall their race food and drink intakes. All food and fluids were analyzed using a computer software package. Mean (SD) time to complete the race was 16 hr 21 min (2 hr 2 min). Mean (SD) energy intake was 18.7 (8.6) MJ, compared with an estimated energy requirement for the race of 25.5 (7.4) MJ. There was a significant negative relationship between energy intake and time taken to complete the race (p = .023, r2 = −.283). Mean (SD) carbohydrate, fat, and protein intakes were 52 (27), 15.84 (56.43), and 2.94 (7.25) g/hr, respectively. Only carbohydrate (p = .015, r2 = −.563) and fat intake (p = .037, r2 = −.494) were associated with time taken to complete the race. This study demonstrates the difficulties in meeting the high energy demands of ultraendurance cycling. The relationship between energy intake and performance suggests that reducing the energy deficit may be advantageous. Given the high carbohydrate intakes of these athletes, increasing energy intake from fat should be investigated as a means of decreasing energy deficits.

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