Effects of Chromium Picolinate Supplementation on Body Composition, Strength, and Urinary Chromium Loss in Football Players

1994 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan P. Clancy ◽  
Priscilla M. Clarkson ◽  
Michael E. DeCheke ◽  
Kazunori Nosaka ◽  
Patty S. Freedson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Dynamic Strength ◽  
Weight Lifting ◽  
Chromium Picolinate ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Double Blind Design ◽  
Urinary Chromium

The effects of 9 weeks of daily chromium supplementation (200μg Cr as picolinate) were investigated in a double-blind design in football players during spring training. Testing was done pre-, mid-, and postsupplementation on the following criterion measures: urinary chromium excretion, girth and skinfold measures, percent body fat and lean body mass, and isometric and dynamic strength. With the exception of 2 variables (of 65 variables analyzed), no significant group by trials interactions were found (based on a repeated measures ANOVA). The two exceptions were unrelated and inconsequential. For 27 of the 38 subjects, average urinary chromium loss at pre was 0.36 μg/24 hr, whereas it was undetectable (< 0.1 μg/24 hr) for 10 subjects and excessive in 1 subject (2.4 μg/24 hr). Subjects receiving chromium supplements demonstrated urinary chromium losses five times greater than those in the placebo group at mid and post. Chromium picolinate supplementation was ineffective in bringing about changes in body composition or strength during a program of intensive weight-lifting training.

Effects of acute caffeine withdrawal on habituated male runners

1994 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 1043-1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Hetzler ◽  
N. Warhaftig-Glynn ◽  
D. L. Thompson ◽  
E. Dowling ◽  
A. Weltman
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Lactate Threshold ◽  
Substrate Utilization ◽  
Caffeine Intake ◽  
Loading Dose ◽  
Testing Session ◽  
O2 Uptake ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Caffeine Withdrawal ◽  
Double Blind Design

This study investigated the effects of caffeine withdrawal on six trained caffeine-habituated male runners: age 29.8 +/- 5.8 (SD) yr, height 180.4 +/- 5.4 cm, weight 77.3 +/- 6.7 kg, maximal O2 uptake 63.0 +/- 5.4 ml.kg-1.min-1, and daily caffeine intake 674 +/- 128 mg. The subjects received a loading dose (5 mg/kg body wt) of caffeine 48 h before each testing session. They were then given (using a repeated-measures double-blind design) additional doses of caffeine (5 mg/kg body wt) or a placebo 36, 24, 12, and 2 h before testing. They ran at a velocity corresponding to their lactate threshold for 60 min in a caffeine withdrawal or caffeinated condition. Caffeine withdrawal resulted in no significant differences in absolute O2 uptake, O2 uptake relative to maximal O2 uptake, respiratory exchange ratios, or free fatty acid concentrations. Glycerol concentrations were significantly attenuated in the withdrawal condition. No significant differences were revealed in calculated substrate utilization. It was concluded that caffeine withdrawal significantly affects lipolysis but not substrate utilization during prolonged running.

Effects of Chromium Picolinate on Beginning Weight Training Students

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah L. Hasten ◽  
E. Paul Rome ◽  
B. Don Franks ◽  
Maren Hegsted
Keyword(s):  
Bench Press ◽  
Weight Lifting ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chromium Picolinate ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
College Age ◽  
The One ◽  
Body Circumferences ◽  
Three Body

Changes in body weight (BW), a sum of three body circumferences (ΣC), a sum of three skinfolds (ΣSF), and the one-repetition maximum (IRM) for the squat (SQ) and bench press (BP) were examined in 59 college-age students (37 males [MI, 22 females [F]) over a 12-week weight lifting program. Using a double-blind protocol, half of the students were given 200 μg/day chromium (Cr) in the form of chromium picolinate (CrPic) while the other half received a placebo (P). Therefore four groups were randomly formed: F-CrPic (n=12), F-P (n=10), M-CrPic (n=18), and M-P (n=19). All groups had significant increases in ΣC and significant decreases in ΣSF. No treatment effects were seen for the strength measurements, although the males experienced greater absolute increases. The only significant treatment effect found was due to the F-CrPic group gaining more BW (p=0.0048) than the other three groups. It was concluded that CrPic supplementation had a greater effect on the females than on the males.

scholarly journals Effects of Probiotic (Bacillus subtilis DE111) Supplementation on Immune Function, Hormonal Status, and Physical Performance in Division I Baseball Players

Sports ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Townsend ◽  
David Bender ◽  
William Vantrease ◽  
Philip Sapp ◽  
Ann Toy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Division I ◽  
Hormonal Status ◽  
Probiotic Supplementation ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Tnf Α

We sought to determine the effects of probiotic supplementation (Bacillus subtilis DE111; 1 billion CFU∙d−1) on markers of immune and hormonal status in collegiate male athletes following 12 weeks of offseason training. Twenty-five Division I male baseball athletes (20.1 ± 1.5 years, 85.5 ± 10.5 kg, 184.7 ± 6.3 cm) participated in this double blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study. Participants were randomly assigned to a probiotic (PRO; n = 13) or placebo (PL; n = 12) group. Pre- and post-training, all athletes provided resting blood and saliva samples. Circulating concentrations of testosterone, cortisol, TNF-α, IL-10, and zonulin were examined in the blood, while salivary immunoglobulin A (SIgA) and SIgM were assayed as indicators of mucosal immunity. Separate analyses of covariance (ANCOVA) were performed on all measures collected post intervention. No differences in measures of body composition or physical performance were seen between groups. TNF-α concentrations were significantly (p = 0.024) lower in PRO compared to PL, while there were no significant group differences in any other biochemical markers examined. A main effect for time was observed (p < 0.05) for increased testosterone (p = 0.045), IL-10 (p = 0.048), SIgA rate (p = 0.031), and SIgM rate (p = 0.002) following offseason training. These data indicate that probiotic supplementation had no effect on body composition, performance, hormonal status, or gut permeability, while it may attenuate circulating TNF-α in athletes.

The effect of intermittent hypobaric hypoxic exposure and sea level training on submaximal economy in well-trained swimmers and runners

2008 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 328-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin J. Truijens ◽  
Ferran A. Rodríguez ◽  
Nathan E. Townsend ◽  
James Stray-Gundersen ◽  
Christopher J. Gore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Hypobaric Hypoxia ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Hypoxic Exposure ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Intermittent Hypobaric Hypoxia ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Double Blind Design ◽  
Level Training

To evaluate the effect of intermittent hypobaric hypoxia combined with sea level training on exercise economy, 23 well-trained athletes (13 swimmers, 10 runners) were assigned to either hypobaric hypoxia (simulated altitude of 4,000–5,500 m) or normobaric normoxia (0–500 m) in a randomized, double-blind design. Both groups rested in a hypobaric chamber 3 h/day, 5 days/wk for 4 wk. Submaximal economy was measured twice before (Pre) and after (Post) the treatment period using sport-specific protocols. Economy was estimated both from the relationship between oxygen uptake (V̇o2) and speed, and from the absolute V̇o2 at each speed using sport-specific protocols. V̇o2 was measured during the last 60 s of each (3–4 min) stage using Douglas bags. Ventilation (V̇e), heart rate (HR), and capillary lactate concentration ([La−]) were measured during each stage. Velocity at maximal V̇o2 (velocity at v̇o2max) was used as a functional indicator of changes in economy. The average V̇o2 for a given speed of the Pre values was used for Post test comparison using a two-way, repeated-measures ANOVA. Typical error of measurement of V̇o2 was 4.7% (95% confidence limits 3.6–7.1), 3.6% (2.8–5.4), and 4.2% (3.2–6.9) for speeds 1, 2, and 3, respectively. There was no change in economy within or between groups (ANOVA interaction P = 0.28, P = 0.23, and P = 0.93 for speeds 1, 2, and 3). No differences in submaximal HR, [La−], V̇e, or velocity at V̇o2max were found between groups. It is concluded that 4 wk of intermittent hypobaric hypoxia did not improve submaximal economy in this group of well-trained athletes.

scholarly journals The effects of 14-week betaine supplementation on endocrine markers, body composition and anthropometrics in professional youth soccer players: a double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadi Nobari ◽  
Mehdi Kargarfard ◽  
Vazgen Minasian ◽  
Jason M. Cholewa ◽  
Jorge Pérez-Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Competitive Season ◽  
Betaine Supplementation

Abstract Objective Betaine supplementation may enhance body composition outcomes when supplemented chronically during an exercise program. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of betaine supplementation on development-related hormones, body composition, and anthropometrics in professional youth soccer players during a competitive season. Methods Twenty-nine players (age, 15.45 ± 0.25 years) were matched based upon position and then randomly assigned to a betaine group (2 g/day; n = 14, BG) or placebo group (PG, n = 15). All subjects participated in team practices, conditioning, and games. If a subject did not participate in a game, a conditioning protocol was used to ensure workload was standardized throughout the 14-week season. Growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), testosterone, cortisol, height, weight, and body composition were assessed at pre-season (P1), mid-season (P2) and post-season (P3). Anthropometric variables were also measured following a one-year follow-up (F). Results Significant (p < 0.05) group x time interactions were found for testosterone and testosterone to cortisol ratio (T/C). Both variables were greater in BG at P2 and P3 compared to P1, however, the testosterone was less in the PG at P3 compared to P2. There was no significant group by time interactions for GH, IGF-1, lean body mass, or body fat. There was a significant (p < 0.05) group x time interaction in height and weight at F, with the greater increases in BG compared to PG. Conclusion Betaine supplementation increased testosterone levels and T/C ratio in youth professional soccer players during a competitive season. Betaine supplementation had no negative effects on growth (height and weight) and may attenuate reductions in testosterone due to intense training during puberty.

Six weeks of oral Echinacea purpurea supplementation does not enhance the production of serum erythropoietin or erythropoietic status in recreationally active males with above-average aerobic fitness

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 791-795
Author(s):  
Tyler D. Martin ◽  
Michael S. Green ◽  
Malcolm T. Whitehead ◽  
Timothy P. Scheett ◽  
Michael J. Webster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Echinacea Purpurea ◽  
Matched Pair ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Factorial Anova ◽  
Double Blind Design ◽  
Serum Erythropoietin

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 6 weeks of oral Echinacea purpurea supplementation on serum erythropoietin (EPO) and erythropoietic status. Twenty-four males (mean ± SE; age = 25.2 ± 1.4 years, height = 178.1 ± 1.4 cm, body mass = 78.1 ± 1.6 kg, body fat = 12.7 ± 0.9%, maximal oxygen uptake = 52.9 ± 0.9 mL·kg−1·min−1) were randomly grouped using a matched-pair, double-blind design and self-administered 8000 mg·day−1 of either E. purpurea (n = 12) or placebo (n = 12) for 42 consecutive days. Blood samples were collected prior to supplementation (day 0) and every 2 weeks during the supplementation period (days 14, 28, and 42) and were analyzed for EPO, red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration. Separate 2 × 4 (group × time) factorial ANOVA with repeated measures on time were used to determine statistical differences with significance set at p ≤ 0.05. There were no significant interaction, group, or time effects observed for EPO or erythropoietic status markers for any of the measurement points (p ≤ 0.05). The present study indicated that 6 weeks of oral E. purpurea supplementation in recreationally active males with above average aerobic fitness did not enhance EPO or erythropoietic status. These findings are in contrast with previous reports of E. purpurea supplementation in untrained participants with average fitness levels, but consistent with observations in trained endurance athletes.

scholarly journals The Effects of High Doses of Caffeine on Maximal Strength and Muscular Endurance in Athletes Habituated to Caffeine

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Wilk ◽  
Michal Krzysztofik ◽  
Aleksandra Filip ◽  
Adam Zajac ◽  
Juan Del Coso
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Muscle Endurance ◽  
Experimental Session ◽  
Maximal Strength ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Endurance Tests ◽  
Double Blind Design

Background: The main goal of this study was to assess the acute effects of the intake of 9 and 11 mg/kg/ body mass (b.m.) of caffeine (CAF) on maximal strength and muscle endurance in athletes habituated to caffeine. Methods: The study included 16 healthy strength-trained male athletes (age = 24.2 ± 4.2 years, body mass = 79.5 ± 8.5 kg, body mass index (BMI) = 24.5 ± 1.9, bench press 1RM = 118.3 ± 14.5 kg). All participants were habitual caffeine consumers (4.9 ± 1.1 mg/kg/b.m., 411 ± 136 mg of caffeine per day). This study had a randomized, crossover, double-blind design, where each participant performed three experimental sessions after ingesting either a placebo (PLAC) or 9 mg/kg/b.m. (CAF-9) and 11 mg/kg/b.m. (CAF-11) of caffeine. In each experimental session, participants underwent a 1RM strength test and a muscle endurance test in the bench press exercise at 50% 1RM while power output and bar velocity were measured in each test. Results: A one-way repeated measures ANOVA revealed a significant difference between PLAC, CAF-9, and CAF-11 groups in peak velocity (PV) (p = 0.04). Post-hoc tests showed a significant decrease for PV (p = 0.04) in the CAF-11 compared to the PLAC group. No other changes were found in the 1RM or muscle endurance tests with the ingestion of caffeine. Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate that high acute doses of CAF (9 and 11 mg/kg/b.m.) did not improve muscle strength nor muscle endurance in athletes habituated to this substance.

The effects of pre-sleep consumption of casein protein on next-morning measures of RMR and appetite compared between sedentary pre- and postmenopausal women

2020 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-128
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Schattinger ◽  
J. T. Leonard ◽  
C. L. Pappas ◽  
M. J. Ormsbee ◽  
L. B. Panton
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Analogue Scale ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Casein Protein ◽  
One Way Anova

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to compare next-morning responses of RMR and appetite to pre-sleep consumption of casein protein (CP) in pre- and postmenopausal women. The study was a randomised, crossover, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Seven sedentary premenopausal (age: 19·9 (sd 1·2) years; BMI: 23·1 (sd 2·6) kg/m2) and seven sedentary postmenopausal (age: 56·4 (sd 4·9) years; BMI: 26·3 (sd 3·5) kg/m2) women participated. During visit one, anthropometrics and body composition were measured. Following visit one, subjects consumed either CP (25 g) or placebo (PL) ≥2 h after their last meal and ≤30 min prior to sleep on the night before visits two and three. Visits two and three occurred ≥1 week after visit one and were 48 h apart. During visits two and three, RMR (VO2), RER and appetite were measured via indirect calorimetry and visual analogue scale, respectively. Anthropometrics and body composition were analysed by one-way ANOVA. RMR and measures of appetite were analysed using a 2 × 2 (menopause status × CP/PL) repeated-measures ANOVA. Significance was accepted at P ≤ 0·05. RMR was significantly lower in postmenopausal compared with premenopausal women under both conditions (P = 0·003). When consumed pre-sleep CP did not alter RMR, RER or appetite compared with PL when assessed next morning in pre- and postmenopausal women. These data contribute to growing evidence that pre-sleep consumption of protein is not harmful to next-morning metabolism or appetite. In addition, these data demonstrate that menopause may not alter next-morning RMR, RER or appetite after pre-sleep consumption of CP.

Effects of androgenic-anabolic steroids on neuromuscular power and body composition

1983 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 366-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Crist ◽  
P. J. Stackpole ◽  
G. T. Peake
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Weight Training ◽  
Anabolic Steroids ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Androgenic Anabolic Steroids ◽  
Progressive Resistance

The effects of androgenic-anabolic steroids on neuromuscular power and body composition were studied in nine volunteers experienced with progressive-resistance weight training. By use of double-blind procedures, testosterone cypionate, nandrolone decanoate, and sesame oil (placebo) were administered in a repeated-measures design that counterbalanced treatment order. Duration of each treatment condition was 3 wk. Supplemental protein was provided, and dietary records were maintained throughout the study. Subjects were trained with progressive-resistance weight-training exercises. Isokinetic dynamometer testing revealed that peak torque output was not significantly changed between treatments in 7 out of 10 isolated-joint actions. The hydrostatic weighing results revealed insignificant differences in lean body mass and percent body fat. Significant changes in some treatment means of three peak torque output tests were insufficient to identify any consistent treatment alterations. Since protein and caloric intake was sufficient to elicit anabolic effects from the steroid treatments and weight-training program, the lack of significant results could not be attributed to dietary considerations. Subjects reported subjective feelings of increased strength after administration of anabolic agents, which may partially account for their widespread use. In conclusion, anabolic steroids did not substantially change body composition or the objective power measurements used in this study.

Haloperidol, risperidone and quetiapine in the treatment of acute severe manic episode in bipolar disorder: The experience at the mood disorder unit in Milan

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S121-S121
Author(s):  
D. Delmonte ◽  
C. De Santis ◽  
S. Brioschi ◽  
B. Barbini ◽  
C. Colombo
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Manic Episode ◽  
Drug Dose ◽  
Mood Stabilizers ◽  
Young Mania ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Double Blind Design

IntroductionPatients affected by severe manic episode, often with delusional symptoms, are commonly treated with a combination of mood stabilizers, antipsychotics and other sedatives. The choice of a specific drug, dose and term is still debated.ObjectivesA naturalistic study on a sample of 84 inpatients affected by acute severe mania treated with a combination therapy.AimsTo compare efficacy and tolerability of haloperidol/risperidone/quetiapine in association with lithium and/or valproate.MethodsEighty-four bipolar inpatients affected by a manic episode according to DSM-5 criteria. Drugs administered according to our best practice. Clinical course weekly monitored with Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) for 4weeks. Extrapiramidal side effects (EPSE) monitored with Saint Hans Rating Scale (SHRS).ResultsTwenty-five men (29.76%) and 59 women (70.24%); mean age 43.37 ± 13.58 years. Mean YMRS score T0 40.27 ± 9.04. Forty-one patients (48.81%) treated with haloperidol (3.4 mg/die); 16 (19.05%) with risperidone (4.3 mg/die); 27 (32.14%) with quetiapine (438 mg/die). The 3 groups showed no difference regarding clinical characteristics and YMRS basal scores. Chi2 analysis confirmed an higher response rate (50% of reduction of YMRS final score compared to T0) with haloperidol (χ2 = 14.88; P = 0.00). The repeated-measures model analysis showed a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in YMRS scores in haloperidol vs. risperidone vs. quetiapine patients for all time points from second week. No statistical difference for EPSE was found.ConslusionsWe suggest that haloperidol could be advisable in the treatment of severe mania, with rapid efficacy, even with low doses. Occurrence of EPSE was not considerable during the acute treatment. Studies with a larger sample size, randomization, fixed doses, double blind design are needed.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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