The Female Athlete Triad: Body Image and Disordered Eating

1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 16-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debra M. Vinci
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Female Athlete ◽  
Female Athlete Triad

Stress Fractures And The Reproductive System In The Female Athlete

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irfan M Asif ◽  
Kimberly Harmon ◽  
Mallory Shasteen
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Female Athlete ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Stress Fractures ◽  
Female Athlete Triad ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Pubic Ramus

Stress fractures are more common in the female athlete. Stress fractures of the pubic ramus and femoral neck are particularly more common in females than in males. Rib stress fractures are an important injury to consider in the female rower, whereas spondylolysis is a common cause of low back pain in female athletes who hyperextend their spines. The higher incidence of stress fractures in females is mainly due to the higher prevalence of disordered eating and subsequent energy imbalance, which leads to detrimental effects on bone. This review discusses stress fractures and unique issues related to exercise and the female reproductive system. This review contains 6 figures, 5 tables and 49 references Key words: amenorrhea, bone mineral density, disordered eating, female athlete triad, femoral neck, pregnancy, pubic ramus, rib, spondylolysis, stress fracture

Stress Fractures And The Reproductive System In The Female Athlete

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irfan M Asif ◽  
Kimberly Harmon ◽  
Mallory Shasteen
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Female Athlete ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Stress Fractures ◽  
Female Athlete Triad ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Pubic Ramus

Stress fractures are more common in the female athlete. Stress fractures of the pubic ramus and femoral neck are particularly more common in females than in males. Rib stress fractures are an important injury to consider in the female rower, whereas spondylolysis is a common cause of low back pain in female athletes who hyperextend their spines. The higher incidence of stress fractures in females is mainly due to the higher prevalence of disordered eating and subsequent energy imbalance, which leads to detrimental effects on bone. This review discusses stress fractures and unique issues related to exercise and the female reproductive system. This review contains 6 figures, 5 tables and 49 references Key words: amenorrhea, bone mineral density, disordered eating, female athlete triad, femoral neck, pregnancy, pubic ramus, rib, spondylolysis, stress fracture

Sports and exercise medicine

2010 ◽  
pp. 5375-5386
Author(s):  
Roger L. Wolman
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Clinical Assessment ◽  
Female Athlete ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Female Athlete Triad ◽  
Training Intensity ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Exercise Medicine ◽  
Sports And Exercise

Physicians are increasingly confronted with medical problems related to sport. Female athlete triad—consists of disordered eating, amenorrhoea, and osteoporosis, which are most commonly seen in those pursuing endurance sports or gymnastics. Clinical assessment includes a nutritional screen to assess calorie and calcium intake, measurement of serum tri-iodothyronine level (typically low) and of bone density, along with exclusion of other causes of amenorrhoea. The most effective treatment is to re-establish natural menstruation with a combination of reducing training intensity and increasing calorie intake, both of which the athlete may find hard to accept....

Female Athlete Triad Coalition cumulative risk assessment tool: proposed alternative scoring strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 1324-1331
Author(s):  
Kristen J. Koltun ◽  
Nancy I. Williams ◽  
Mary Jane De Souza
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Dietary Restriction ◽  
Female Athlete ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Cumulative Risk ◽  
Female Athlete Triad ◽  
Energy Deficiency ◽  
Delayed Menarche

We (i) identified alternative scoring strategies for the Female Athlete Triad Coalition cumulative risk assessment (CRA) tool to be utilized when particular risk factors (bone mineral density (BMD), oligomenorrhea/amenorrhea) cannot be determined; (ii) objectively defined dietary restriction for use in the CRA tool; and (iii) explored proxy measures of energy deficiency. This cross-sectional investigation of exercising women (n = 166) utilized an existing database derived from multiple studies designed to assess health, exercise, and menstrual function. Data from the screening/baseline period of each study included: anthropometrics, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, disordered eating questionnaires, descriptive data, and proxy measures of energy deficiency (total triiodothyronine (TT3) and ratio of measured-to-predicted resting metabolic rate (mRMR/pRMR)). Substituting delayed menarche for BMD was the best-fit replacement resulting in 15 (9%) participants being categorized in different clearance categories. When menstrual status cannot be assessed, such as during hormonal contraceptive use, low energy availability (EA) determined using self-report and disordered eating questionnaires was the best substitution, resulting in 34 (20%) participants being categorized in different clearance categories. Based on original clearance categorizations, the provisional group had lower TT3 (78.3 ± 2.2 ng/dL; 92.7 ± 2.7 ng/dL) and Harris–Benedict mRMR/pRMR (0.85 ± 0.01; 0.90 ± 0.01) than the full group. Until an updated risk assessment tool is developed, delayed menarche can substitute for low BMD and low EA for oligomenorrhea/amenorrhea. Novelty This investigation addresses previous limitations of the Triad CRA tool. Disordered eating questionnaires can be used to objectively identify dietary restriction for the low EA risk factor. When a risk factor cannot be assessed, delayed menarche can substitute for low BMD and low EA for oligomenorrhea/amenorrhea.

The Female Athlete Triad: Disordered Eating, Amenorrhea, Osteoporosis

1993 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurelia Nattiv ◽  
Rosemary Agostini ◽  
Kimberly K. Yeager ◽  
Barbara Drinkwater
Keyword(s):  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Female Athlete ◽  
Female Athlete Triad

The female athlete triad: disordered eating, amenorrhea, osteoporosis

1993 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 775-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
KIMBERLY K. YEAGER ◽  
ROSEMARY AGOSTINI ◽  
AURELIA NATTIV ◽  
BARBARA DRINKWATER
Keyword(s):  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Female Athlete ◽  
Female Athlete Triad

Stress Fractures And The Reproductive System In The Female Athlete

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irfan M Asif ◽  
Kimberly Harmon ◽  
Mallory Shasteen
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Female Athlete ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Stress Fractures ◽  
Female Athlete Triad ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Pubic Ramus

Stress fractures are more common in the female athlete. Stress fractures of the pubic ramus and femoral neck are particularly more common in females than in males. Rib stress fractures are an important injury to consider in the female rower, whereas spondylolysis is a common cause of low back pain in female athletes who hyperextend their spines. The higher incidence of stress fractures in females is mainly due to the higher prevalence of disordered eating and subsequent energy imbalance, which leads to detrimental effects on bone. This review discusses stress fractures and unique issues related to exercise and the female reproductive system. This review contains 6 figures, 5 tables and 49 references Key words: amenorrhea, bone mineral density, disordered eating, female athlete triad, femoral neck, pregnancy, pubic ramus, rib, spondylolysis, stress fracture

DISORDERED EATING AND THE FEMALE ATHLETE TRIAD

2000 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte F. Sanborn ◽  
Marianna Horea ◽  
Beverly J. Siemers ◽  
Kathy I. Dieringer
Keyword(s):  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Female Athlete ◽  
Female Athlete Triad

The Female Athlete Triad: Is the Triad a Problem Among Division I Female Athletes?

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 358-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine J. Reel ◽  
Sonya SooHoo ◽  
Holly Doetsch ◽  
Jennifer E. Carter ◽  
Trent A. Petrie
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Female Athlete ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Division I ◽  
Female Athlete Triad ◽  
Muscle Injuries ◽  
Menstrual Dysfunction ◽  
Eating Disordered ◽  
Menstrual History

The purpose of the study was to determine prevalence rates of the female athlete triad (Triad), differences by sport category (aesthetic, endurance, and team/anaerobic), and the relationship between each of the components of the Triad. Female athletes (N= 451) from three Division I universities with an average age of 20 years completed the Menstrual History Questionnaire, Injury Assessment Questionnaire, and the Questionnaire for Eating Disorder Diagnoses (Q-EDD; Mintz, O’Halloran, Mulholland, & Schneider, 1997). Almost 7% of female athletes reported clinical eating disorders, and 19.2% reported subclinical disordered eating. Disordered eating was prevalent in all three sport categories with no significant differences between groups. Muscle injuries were more prevalent in team/anaerobic sports (77.4%) than the aesthetic (68.1%) and endurance groups (58.1%). Furthermore, those athletes with menstrual dysfunction more frequently reported clinical eating disorders (1.4%) and sustained more skeletal injuries (51%) during their athletic career than athletes with regular menstrual function. Clinical implications and further research directions are addressed.

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