Effect of relative timing of target and background words on speech understanding using the coordinate response measure paradigm

The auditory brainstem implant (ABI) is a surgically implanted device to electrically stimulate auditory neurons in the cochlear nucleus complex of the brainstem in humans to restore hearing sensations. The ABI is similar in function to a cochlear implant, but overall outcomes are poorer. However, recent applications of the ABI to new patient populations and improvements in surgical technique have led to significant improvements in outcomes. While the ABI provides hearing benefits to patients, the outcomes challenge our understanding of how the brain processes neural patterns of auditory information. The neural pattern of activation produced by an ABI is highly unnatural, yet some patients achieve high levels of speech understanding. Based on a meta-analysis of ABI surgeries and outcomes, a theory is proposed of a specialized sub-system of the cochlear nucleus that is critical for speech understanding.

Download Full-text

New constraints from zircon, monazite and uraninite dating on the commencement of sedimentation in the Cuddapah basin, India

Geological Magazine ◽

10.1017/s0016756817000140 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 155 (6) ◽

pp. 1230-1246 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

DEBIDARSANI SAHOO ◽

KAMAL LOCHAN PRUSETH ◽

DEWASHISH UPADHYAY ◽

SAMEER RANJAN ◽

DIPAK C. PAL ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wide Spectrum ◽

Hydrothermal Activity ◽

Time Span ◽

Detrital Zircons ◽

Cuddapah Basin ◽

Relative Timing ◽

Considerable Time ◽

Long Span ◽

Considerable Confusion ◽

Age Constraints

AbstractThe Cuddapah basin in southern India, consisting of the Palnad, Srisailam, Kurnool and Papaghni sub-basins, contains unmetamorphosed and undeformed sediments deposited during a long span of time in the Proterozoic. In the absence of robust age constraints, there is considerable confusion regarding the relative timing of sedimentation in these sub-basins. In this study, U–Pb isotopic dating of zircon and U–Th–Pbtotaldating of monazite and uraninite from the gritty quartzite that supposedly belongs to the formation Banganapalle Quartzite have been used to constrain the beginning of sedimentation in the Palnad sub-basin. Magmatic and detrital zircons recording an age of 2.53 Ga indicate that the sediments were derived from the granitic basement or similar sources and were deposited after 2.53 Ga. Hydrothermally altered zircons both in the basement and the cover provide concordant ages of 2.32 and 2.12 Ga and date two major hydrothermal events. Thus, the gritty quartzite must have been deposited sometime between 2.53 and 2.12 Ga and represents the earliest sediments in the Cuddapah basin. Monazite and uraninite give a wide spectrum of ages between 2.5 Ga and 150 Ma, which indicates several pulses of hydrothermal activity over a considerable time span, both in the basement granite and the overlying quartzite. The new age constraints suggest that the gritty quartzite may be stratigraphically equivalent to the Gulcheru Quartzite that is the oldest unit in the Cuddapah basin, and that a sedimentary/erosional hiatus exists above it.

Download Full-text