Elastography of a gelatin M5 model mimicking the true vocal folds

2021 ◽  
Vol 150 (4) ◽  
pp. A192-A192
Author(s):  
Raphael Lamprecht ◽  
Florian Scheible ◽  
Marion Semmler ◽  
Alexander Sutor
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Folds ◽  
M5 Model

Prospects for the use of omix-technologies in preclinical practice of production-related diseases of the voice

2020 ◽  
pp. 541-541
Author(s):  
Y. S. Alizade ◽  
L. B. Rudin
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Voice Disorders ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
The Voice

The potential predictive possibilities of minimally invasive prenosological diagnosis of voice disorders on the basis of combined Geno - and phenotyping of persons at risk of diseases of the vocal folds of professional origin.

Improved Model for Vocal Folds with a Polyp with Potential Application

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jônatas Santos ◽  
Jugurta Montalvão ◽  
Israel Santos
Keyword(s):  
Potential Application ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Improved Model

scholarly journals Vibrations of Nonlinear Elastic Structure Excited by Compressible Flow

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 4748
Author(s):  
Monika Balázsová ◽  
Miloslav Feistauer ◽  
Jaromír Horáček ◽  
Adam Kosík
Keyword(s):  
Compressible Flow ◽  
Nonlinear Elasticity ◽  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Stokes Equations ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Nonlinear Material ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian ◽  
Navier Stokes Equations ◽  
Reliable Solution

This study deals with the development of an accurate, efficient and robust method for the numerical solution of the interaction of compressible flow and nonlinear dynamic elasticity. This problem requires the reliable solution of flow in time-dependent domains and the solution of deformations of elastic bodies formed by several materials with complicated geometry depending on time. In this paper, the fluid–structure interaction (FSI) problem is solved numerically by the space-time discontinuous Galerkin method (STDGM). In the case of compressible flow, we use the compressible Navier–Stokes equations formulated by the arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) method. The elasticity problem uses the non-stationary formulation of the dynamic system using the St. Venant–Kirchhoff and neo-Hookean models. The STDGM for the nonlinear elasticity is tested on the Hron–Turek benchmark. The main novelty of the study is the numerical simulation of the nonlinear vocal fold vibrations excited by the compressible airflow coming from the trachea to the simplified model of the vocal tract. The computations show that the nonlinear elasticity model of the vocal folds is needed in order to obtain substantially higher accuracy of the computed vocal folds deformation than for the linear elasticity model. Moreover, the numerical simulations showed that the differences between the two considered nonlinear material models are very small.

scholarly journals Concurrent YAP/TAZ and SMAD signaling mediate vocal fold fibrosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryosuke Nakamura ◽  
Nao Hiwatashi ◽  
Renjie Bing ◽  
Carina P. Doyle ◽  
Ryan C. Branski
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Nuclear Accumulation ◽  
Smad Pathway ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Smad Signaling ◽  
Iatrogenic Damage ◽  
Tgf Β1

AbstractVocal fold (VF) fibrosis is a major cause of intractable voice-related disability and reduced quality of life. Excision of fibrotic regions is suboptimal and associated with scar recurrence and/or further iatrogenic damage. Non-surgical interventions are limited, putatively related to limited insight regarding biochemical events underlying fibrosis, and downstream, the lack of therapeutic targets. YAP/TAZ integrates diverse cell signaling events and interacts with signaling pathways related to fibrosis, including the TGF-β/SMAD pathway. We investigated the expression of YAP/TAZ following vocal fold injury in vivo as well as the effects of TGF-β1 on YAP/TAZ activity in human vocal fold fibroblasts, fibroblast-myofibroblast transition, and TGF-β/SMAD signaling. Iatrogenic injury increased nuclear localization of YAP and TAZ in fibrotic rat vocal folds. In vitro, TGF-β1 activated YAP and TAZ in human VF fibroblasts, and inhibition of YAP/TAZ reversed TGF-β1-stimulated fibroplastic gene upregulation. Additionally, TGF-β1 induced localization of YAP and TAZ in close proximity to SMAD2/3, and nuclear accumulation of SMAD2/3 was inhibited by a YAP/TAZ inhibitor. Collectively, YAP and TAZ were synergistically activated with the TGF-β/SMAD pathway, and likely essential for the fibroplastic phenotypic shift in VF fibroblasts. Based on these data, YAP/TAZ may evolve as an attractive therapeutic target for VF fibrosis.

scholarly journals Syringeal vocal folds do not have a voice in zebra finch vocal development

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyssa Maxwell ◽  
Iris Adam ◽  
Pernille S. Larsen ◽  
Peter G. Sørensen ◽  
Coen P. H. Elemans
Keyword(s):  
Zebra Finch ◽  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
Vocal Development ◽  
Postnatal Maturation ◽  
Song System ◽  
Property Changes

AbstractVocal behavior can be dramatically changed by both neural circuit development and postnatal maturation of the body. During song learning in songbirds, both the song system and syringeal muscles are functionally changing, but it is unknown if maturation of sound generators within the syrinx contributes to vocal development. Here we densely sample the respiratory pressure control space of the zebra finch syrinx in vitro. We show that the syrinx produces sound very efficiently and that key acoustic parameters, minimal fundamental frequency, entropy and source level, do not change over development in both sexes. Thus, our data suggest that the observed acoustic changes in vocal development must be attributed to changes in the motor control pathway, from song system circuitry to muscle force, and not by material property changes in the avian analog of the vocal folds. We propose that in songbirds, muscle use and training driven by the sexually dimorphic song system are the crucial drivers that lead to sexual dimorphism of the syringeal skeleton and musculature. The size and properties of the instrument are thus not changing, while its player is.

High-Speed Imaging to Study an Auto-Oscillating Vocal Fold Replica for Different Initial Conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 09 (05) ◽  
pp. 1750064 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Van Hirtum ◽  
X. Pelorson
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Fold ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
High Speed Imaging ◽  
Human Voice ◽  
Manual Intervention ◽  
Geometrical Features ◽  
Upstream Pressure

Experiments on mechanical deformable vocal folds replicas are important in physical studies of human voice production to understand the underlying fluid–structure interaction. At current date, most experiments are performed for constant initial conditions with respect to structural as well as geometrical features. Varying those conditions requires manual intervention, which might affect reproducibility and hence the quality of experimental results. In this work, a setup is described which allows setting elastic and geometrical initial conditions in an automated way for a deformable vocal fold replica. High-speed imaging is integrated in the setup in order to decorrelate elastic and geometrical features. This way, reproducible, accurate and systematic measurements can be performed for prescribed initial conditions of glottal area, mean upstream pressure and vocal fold elasticity. Moreover, quantification of geometrical features during auto-oscillation is shown to contribute to the experimental characterization and understanding.

scholarly journals Optimal Management of the Unilateral Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Involvement in Patients with Thyroid Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2129
Author(s):  
Satoru Miyamaru ◽  
Daizo Murakami ◽  
Kohei Nishimoto ◽  
Narihiro Kodama ◽  
Joji Tashiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Tumor Resection ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Type I ◽  
Optimal Management ◽  
Reconstruction Procedure ◽  
Vocal Function ◽  
Reconstruction Group

We aimed to determine the optimal management of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) involvement in thyroid cancer. We enrolled 80 patients with unilateral RLN involvement in thyroid cancer between 2000 and 2016. Eleven patients with preoperatively functional vocal folds (VFs) underwent sharp tumor resection to preserve the RLN (shaving group). Thirty-three patients underwent RLN reconstruction with RLN resection (reconstruction group). We divided the reconstruction group into two subgroups based on preoperative VF mobility (normal-reconstruction and paralyzed-reconstruction subgroups). In the cases where RLN reconstruction was difficult, phonosurgeries including arytenoid adduction (AA), with or without thyroplasty type I, or nerve muscle pedicle implantation with AA were performed later (phonosurgery group). We evaluated and compared vocal function among the evaluated periods and different groups. Postoperative vocal function in the shaving and normal-reconstruction subgroups was favorable. There were no significant differences between the two groups. In the paralyzed-reconstruction and phonosurgery groups, postoperative vocal function was significantly improved, and vocal function in the paralyzed-reconstruction subgroup was significantly better than that in the phonosurgery group. For optimal management of unilateral RLN involvement in thyroid cancer, first, sharp dissection should be performed, and if this is impossible, a simultaneous RLN reconstruction procedure should be adopted whenever possible.

Modelling of Human Vocal Folds and Systematic Investigation of their Vibrations from Kymogram

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandhanakrishnan R ◽  
Rhea Jain ◽  
Suhashine Sukumar ◽  
Subramanian RP ◽  
Arun Karthick S ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Systematic Investigation
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