A modified acoustic-turbulent scattering model for long-range propagation with wind tunnel validation

2021 ◽  
Vol 150 (4) ◽  
pp. A130-A130
Author(s):  
Tianshu Zhang ◽  
Steven A. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Scattering Model

Vespula vulgaris(Hymenoptera: Vespidae) gynes use a sex pheromone to attract males

2013 ◽  
Vol 145 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Brown ◽  
Ashraf M. El-Sayed ◽  
David Maxwell Suckling ◽  
Lloyd D. Stringer ◽  
Jacqueline R. Beggs
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Sex Attractant ◽  
Mate Finding ◽  
Sex Attraction ◽  
Vespula Vulgaris ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Virgin Queens ◽  
Cotton Roll

AbstractSex attraction studies were carried out to investigate the mate-finding behaviour of invasiveVespula vulgaris(Linnaeus) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) wasps. Delta traps were baited with live, caged males, and gynes (virgin queens) ofV. vulgaristo determine whether either sex produced a long-range sex attractant. Traps baited with gynes caught 71 males, while the controls and live-male wasp baited traps did not catch gynes. Wind tunnel trials were performed to verify if the signal produced by the gynes was chemical in nature. First,V. vulgarismales were flown to live caged gynes, where more than half of the males tested flew upwind in a zigzagging pattern and made contact with caged gynes. Males were also flown to hexane rinses of gynes and flew upwind in a zigzagging pattern towards the gyne extract, although none made contact with the cotton roll stimulus. The results presented here demonstrate conclusively thatV. vulgarisgynes produce a sex pheromone.

The location of floral nectar sources by mosquitoes: the long-range responses of Anopheles arabiensis Patton (Diptera: Culicidae) to Achillea millefolium flowers and isolated floral odour

1988 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 651-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. P. Healy ◽  
P. C. Jepson
Keyword(s):  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Anopheles Arabiensis ◽  
Host Location ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Air Entrainment ◽  
Achillea Millefolium ◽  
Floral Nectar ◽  
Nectar Sources ◽  
Chemical Testing

AbstractA wind-tunnel bioassay system, developed previously for the evaluation of long-range host-location stimuli, was used to investigate the responses of Anopheles arabiensis Patton to floral odours. Mosquitoes were found to respond by flight and landing to Achillea millefolium inflorescences and also to the odour of A. millefolium in the absence of visual stimuli. An air-entrainment technique was used to extract floral odours for biological and chemical testing. Both sexes of Anopheles arabiensis were found to respond to the floral odour extract. The major component of the floral odour was tentatively identified as a cyclic or bicyclic monoterpene.

Seed dispersal capacity of six perennial grassland species measured in a wind tunnel at varying wind speed and height

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (12) ◽  
pp. 1956-1963 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. van Dorp ◽  
W. P. M. van den Hoek ◽  
C. Daleboudt
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Wind Gust ◽  
Dispersal Capacity ◽  
Grassland Species ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Perennial Grassland ◽  
Release Height ◽  
Dispersal Distances

The dispersal capacity of six perennial grassland species with different seed aerodynamic attributes was assessed in a wind tunnel. The selected species have difficulty in recolonizing restored ecosystems because of a poor dispersal of seeds. The variation in dispersal distances of seeds within and between species was assessed by releasing seeds at varying wind speeds and release heights, and expressed as 1st percentile, mode, and 99th percentile values. Dispersal distances of long-range dispersed seeds (99th percentile values) increased exponentially with wind speed. At wind speeds of 14 m/s, predicted maximum distances are 10–15 m for small and relatively heavy spherical seeds and 20–30 m for large and relatively light cylindrical or disk-like seeds. In the study area, wind gusts > 10 m/s at plant height occur at least annually, and plants of the selected species live up to several decades. This suggests a great potential for long-range dispersal during the lifetime of a plant. Plants may gain wider dispersal of seeds by increasing the release height (e.g., taller infructescences) and by requiring stronger winds to release seeds (e.g., dispersal in autumn and winter). Keywords: dispersal, wind tunnel, seeds, perennial, wind gust.

Long-range Schmidt-Cassegrain laser velocimeter for large wind-tunnel applications

AIAA Journal ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-520
Author(s):  
Stephen E. Dunagan
Keyword(s):  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Large Wind
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