Effect of cumulative distance in motor space on segment-sized slips in 3-word phrases

2021 ◽  
Vol 150 (4) ◽  
pp. A71-A71
Author(s):  
Melissa A. Redford ◽  
Carissa A. Diantoro ◽  
Maya Davis
Keyword(s):  
Cumulative Distance

scholarly journals Effects of a treated sewage effluent on behavioural traits in Diamesa cinerella and Daphnia magna

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Villa ◽  
Valeria Di Nica ◽  
Francesco Bellamoli ◽  
Tanita Pescatore ◽  
Claudia Ferrario ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Test Organism ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Video Tracking ◽  
Laboratory Population ◽  
Cumulative Distance ◽  
Treated Effluent

Recently, the use of Daphnia magna has been proposed in on-line and real-time biomonitoring programmes as an early warning system for evaluating the effluent quality of sewage treatment plants (STPs). These systems are based on recording behavioural changes in the test organism resulting from the stress caused by the effluents. Indeed, altered behavioural signals could be induced at sublethal concentrations that are significantly lower than the corresponding EC50. However, at present, it is unknown whether the sensitivity of D. magna can be representative of that of other aquatic organisms, particularly benthic macroinvertebrates. An experiment was designed to verify whether D. magna can be employed in biomonitoring programmes for STPs located in alpine areas as a surrogate for cold freshwater best-adapted species. The responses of survival and behaviour alteration to exposure to the effluent of the Tonale Pass plant (Trentino, Italian Alps, 46°N, 10°E; 1799 m a.s.l.) were compared in a laboratory population of D. magna and a wild population of the chironomid Diamesa cinerella. These larvae were collected from the Vermigliana stream 50 metres upstream of the effluent input. Both organisms were exposed for 24 and 48 hrs to the effluent as it is and to three dilutions (/10, /100, /1000). The mortality rate and behavioural responses (using video tracking systems) were recorded. No significant mortality or change in behaviour was observed in the two species when exposed to the undiluted effluent. Exposure to serial dilutions of the treated effluent did not affect the survival of either species but notably altered their behaviour at both exposure times (e.g., the time spent in activity in D. magna and the average speed of movement and the cumulative distance travelled in both), especially when exposed to the ten-times-diluted effluent. Overall, the findings of this study emphasize that even though D. magna and D. cinerella use different behavioural strategies to cope with adverse environmental conditions, their overall sensitivity to treated effluents is similar. Accordingly, the use of D. magna in biological early warning systems protocols seems to also be sufficiently protective for local, cold-adapted species of alpine freshwater ecosystems.

Activity Profiles and Positional Differences of Handball Players During the World Championships in Qatar 2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 908-915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Cardinale ◽  
Rodney Whiteley ◽  
Ahmed Abdelrahman Hosny ◽  
Nebojsa Popovic
Keyword(s):  
Physical Conditioning ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Camera System ◽  
Time Motion ◽  
Cumulative Distance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The World ◽  
Playing Time ◽  
Motion Characteristics ◽  
Olympic Sport

Context:Handball is an Olympic sport played indoors by 6 court players and 1 goalkeeper with rolling substitutions. Limited data exist on elite players competing in a world championship, and virtually no information exists on the evolution of time–motion performance over the course of a long tournament.Purpose:To analyze time–motion characteristics of elite male handball players of the last world championships, played in Qatar in 2015.Participants:384 handball players from 24 national teams.Methods:The athletes were analyzed during 88 matches using a tracking camera system and bespoke software (Prozone Handball v. 1.2, Prozone, Leeds, UK).Results:The average time on court (N = 2505) during the world championships for all players was 36:48 ± 20:27 min. Goalkeepers and left and right wings were on court most of the playing time (GK 43.00 ± 25:59 min; LW 42:02 ± 21:07 min; RW 43:44 ± 21:37 min). The total distance covered during each game (2607.5 ± 1438.4 m) consisted mostly of walking and jogging. The cumulative distance covered during the tournament was 16,313 ± 9423.3 m. Players performed 857.2 ± 445.7 activity changes with a recovery time of 124.3 ± 143 s. The average running pace was 78.2 ± 10.8 m/min. There was no significant difference between high-ranked and lower-ranked teams in terms of distance covered in different locomotion categories.Conclusions:Specific physical conditioning is necessary to maximize performance of handball players and minimize the occurrence of fatigue when performing in long tournaments.

scholarly journals Flight performance of Monochamus sartor and Monochamus sutor, potential vectors of the pine wood nematode

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 195-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmin Putz ◽  
Eva M. Vorwagner ◽  
Gernot Hoch
Keyword(s):  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Maximum Distance ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Pine Wood Nematode ◽  
Flight Performance ◽  
Pine Wood ◽  
Flight Mill ◽  
Cumulative Distance ◽  
Flight Capacity

Abstract Flight performance of Monochamus sartor and Monochamus sutor, two potential vectors of the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus was evaluated in laboratory flight mill tests. Beetles emerging from logs infested in the laboratory and incubated under outdoor conditions as well as field collected beetles were used. The maximum distance flown by M. sartor in a single flight was 3,136.7 m. Mean distances (per beetle) per flight ranged from 694.6 m in females to 872.5 m in males for M. sartor. In 75% of all individual flights M. sartor flew less than 1 km; only 3.7% flew distances longer than 2 km. The mean cumulative distance travelled by M. sartor beetles throughout their lifespan was 7.5 km. The smaller M. sutor beetles flew faster and longer distances. The maximum distance per flight was 5,556.5 m; mean distances ranged from 1,653.6 m in females to 1178.3 m in males. The number of available laboratory reared beetles was too low for quantification of lifetime flight capacity for M. sutor. The findings are compared to published data from Monochamus galloprovincialis recorded on the same type of flight mill as well as to field data from mark-release-recapture studies. The high flight capacity of Monochamus beetles illustrates the importance of considering dispersal of the vectors when planning control measures against the pine wood nematode.

scholarly journals Tracktor: image-based automated tracking of animal movement and behaviour

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek Hari Sridhar ◽  
Dominique G. Roche ◽  
Simon Gingins
Keyword(s):  
Object Tracking ◽  
Animal Movement ◽  
Summary Statistics ◽  
Noisy Environments ◽  
Activity Time ◽  
Automated Tracking ◽  
Lighting Conditions ◽  
Cumulative Distance ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Movement Tracking

Abstract1. Automated movement tracking is essential for high-throughput quantitative analyses of the behaviour and kinematics of organisms. Automated tracking also improves replicability by avoiding observer biases and allowing reproducible workflows. However, few automated tracking programs exist that are open access, open source, and capable of tracking unmarked organisms in noisy environments.2. Tracktor is an image-based tracking freeware designed to perform single-object tracking in noisy environments, or multi-object tracking in uniform environments while maintaining individual identities. Tracktor is code-based but requires no coding skills other than the user being able to specify tracking parameters in a designated location, much like in a graphical user interface (GUI). The installation and use of the software is fully detailed in a user manual.3. Through four examples of common tracking problems, we show that Tracktor is able to track a variety of animals in diverse conditions. The main strengths of Tracktor lie in its ability to track single individuals under noisy conditions (e.g. when the object shape is distorted), its robustness to perturbations (e.g. changes in lighting conditions during the experiment), and its capacity to track multiple individuals while maintaining their identities. Additionally, summary statistics and plots allow measuring and visualizing common metrics used in the analysis of animal movement (e.g. cumulative distance, speed, acceleration, activity, time spent in specific areas, distance to neighbour, etc.).4. Tracktor is a versatile, reliable, easy-to-use automated tracking software that is compatible with all operating systems and provides many features not available in other existing freeware. Access Tracktor and the complete user manual here: https://github.com/vivekhsridhar/tracktor

Cumulative Distance Moved

2010 ◽  
pp. 363-363
Author(s):  
Daniel Hoyer ◽  
Eric P Zorrilla ◽  
Pietro Cottone ◽  
Sarah Parylak ◽  
Micaela Morelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cumulative Distance

scholarly journals Multi-Objective UAV Positioning Mechanism for Sustainable Wireless Connectivity in Environments with Forbidden Flying Zones

Algorithms ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 302
Author(s):  
İbrahim Atli ◽  
Metin Ozturk ◽  
Gianluca C. Valastro ◽  
Muhammad Zeeshan Asghar
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Weighting Method ◽  
Q Learning ◽  
Cumulative Distance ◽  
Reducing Energy ◽  
Wireless Connectivity

A communication system based on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is a viable alternative for meeting the coverage and capacity needs of future wireless networks. However, because of the limitations of UAV-enabled communications in terms of coverage, energy consumption, and flying laws, the number of studies focused on the sustainability element of UAV-assisted networking in the literature was limited thus far. We present a solution to this problem in this study; specifically, we design a Q-learning-based UAV placement strategy for long-term wireless connectivity while taking into account major constraints such as altitude regulations, nonflight zones, and transmit power. The goal is to determine the best location for the UAV base station (BS) while reducing energy consumption and increasing the number of users covered. Furthermore, a weighting method is devised, allowing energy usage and the number of users served to be prioritized based on network/battery circumstances. The suggested Q-learning-based solution is contrasted to the standard k-means clustering method, in which the UAV BS is positioned at the centroid location with the shortest cumulative distance between it and the users. The results demonstrate that the proposed solution outperforms the baseline k-means clustering-based method in terms of the number of users covered while achieving the desired minimization of the energy consumption.

The Effects of an Air/Water Surface on the Fast-Start Performance of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss)

1991 ◽  
Vol 155 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAUL W. WEBB ◽  
DOMINIQUE SIMS ◽  
WILLIAM W. SCHULTZ
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
The Body ◽  
Energy Dispersion ◽  
Cumulative Distance ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Fast Start ◽  
Turning Radius ◽  
Water Depths

Fast-start performance of rainbow trout (mass 0.187±0.022kg; mean±2S.E., N= 10) was measured in water of various depths. Relative water depth was defined as z/B, where z is the water depth measured from the air/water surface to the longitudinal midline of the body and B is the span of the caudal fin, 0.062±0.004m. Relative water depths (at absolute depths) tested were; 0.31 (at 0.05m), 1.11 (at 0.1m), 1.92 (at 0.15m), 2.73 (at 0.2m) and 7.56 (at 0.5m). Performance was defined in terms of the motion of the centre of mass as measured by the turning radius and the cumulative distance travelled in a given elapsed time. Turning radius was not affected by water depth and averaged 0.018±0.003m. Distance travelled was a positive function of water depth, although paired t-tests showed no significant effect of depth at 0.15 and 0.2 m after about 70 ms. Energy dispersion due to the formation of surface waves increased with decreasing relative water depth. The largest energy dispersion in wave formation at a relative water depth of 0.31 averaged about 70% of the useful mechanical work performed in deep water. Energy dispersion in wave generation was negligible for relative water depths larger than approximately 3. Energy dispersion is similar to that for rigid streamlined bodies moving at constant speed

A method for recognizing Japanese monosyllables by using intermediate cumulative distance

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Matsuda ◽  
S. Tezuka ◽  
M. Kanoh ◽  
M. Nishimura ◽  
T. Kaneko
Keyword(s):  
Cumulative Distance

scholarly journals Call and response: Musical and bodily interactions in jazz improvisation duos

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clemens Wöllner
Keyword(s):  
Response Patterns ◽  
Jazz Improvisation ◽  
Movement Variability ◽  
Free Jazz ◽  
Cumulative Distance ◽  
Call And Response ◽  
Musical Characteristics ◽  
Optical Motion ◽  
Movement Parameters ◽  
Optical Motion Capture

When individuals coordinate their behaviour, they need to both anticipate actions and respond to each other in meaningful ways. Jazz musicians often encounter situations in jam sessions in which they interact with previously unknown musicians, allowing insights into spontaneous collaboration. The current study investigated call and response patterns in free jazz improvisations by analysing movement and musical characteristics of duos. Twelve jazz musicians were paired into six duos of an e-guitar and a saxophone. Balanced across duos, one musician was asked to play a series of improvisations expressing the emotions happy, sad or neutral. The second musician responded to each improvisation without knowing the emotional intention of the first musician. Call and response roles were then exchanged. While musicians improvised or listened to their duo partner, they were both recorded with an optical motion capture system. Results indicate correspondences between call and response musicians in movement variability and cumulative distance of head motion. There were marked differences between happy and sad emotional expressions both in movement parameters and musical features including mean intensity, mode, and, albeit to a lesser extent, tempo. Retrospective verbal decoding of the call musicians’ emotional intentions was correct in 76.5% of all cases. Independently of explicit decoding success and even for the first encounters, musicians spontaneously tuned into each other’s performances by means of their body movements and the musical characteristics of the improvisations.

Size-related performance variation in the wood frog (Rana sylvatica) tadpole tactile-stimulated startle response

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (8) ◽  
pp. 1117-1127 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Eidietis
Keyword(s):  
Startle Response ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Rana Sylvatica ◽  
Initial Response ◽  
Differential Survival ◽  
Maximum Acceleration ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Cumulative Distance ◽  
Performance Variation ◽  
Predator Cue

I described the initial response of the Rana sylvatica LeConte, 1825 tadpole to predator contact, that is, the tactile-stimulated startle response (TSR). Because tadpole survival from predation increases with tadpole size and with exposure to chemical predator cues during development, I anticipated that TSR performance would vary accordingly among tadpoles. Startle responses were stimulated in a laboratory setting and filmed using high-speed video. This method allowed analysis of performance at fine spatial and temporal scales. Maximum acceleration performance increased with tadpole length, as did cumulative distance covered after the first 0.016 s of the response. In contrast, the cumulative distance covered during the initial instants of the response did not depend on tadpole size. Exposure to a predator cue (odor of the dragonfly naiad Anax junius (Drury, 1773)) during development had no effect on tadpole morphology. Predator-cue exposure negatively affected cumulative distance traveled after the first 0.072 s of the startle response. I concluded that size-dependent variation in performance of the TSR may partially explain differential survival of tadpoles, but there was no evidence that exposure to this predator cue increased TSR performance.

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