Effects of vowel devoicing on the closure duration of japanese singleton and geminate stops

2021 ◽  
Vol 150 (4) ◽  
pp. A70-A70
Author(s):  
Kimiko Yamakawa ◽  
Shigeaki Amano
Keyword(s):  
Closure Duration ◽  
Vowel Devoicing

scholarly journals Initial laryngeal neutralisation in Tyrolean

Phonology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Vietti ◽  
Birgit Alber ◽  
Barbara Vogt
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Initial Position ◽  
Final Position ◽  
Acoustic Cues ◽  
Acoustic Parameters ◽  
Place Of Articulation ◽  
Closure Duration

In the Southern Bavarian variety of Tyrolean, laryngeal contrasts undergo a typologically interesting process of neutralisation in word-initial position. We undertake an acoustic analysis of Tyrolean stops in word-initial, word-medial intersonorant and word-final contexts, as well as in obstruent clusters, investigating the role of the acoustic parameters VOT, prevoicing, closure duration and F0 and H1–H2* on following vowels in implementing contrast, if any. Results show that stops contrast word-medially via [voice] (supported by the acoustic cues of closure duration and F0), and are neutralised completely in word-final position and in obstruent clusters. Word-initially, neutralisation is subject to inter- and intraspeaker variability, and is sensitive to place of articulation. Aspiration plays no role in implementing laryngeal contrasts in Tyrolean.

scholarly journals Sutureless elastic ring silo for the gastroschisis

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 747-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piyawan Chiengkriwate ◽  
Surasak Sangkhathat ◽  
Sakda Patrapinyokul ◽  
Vorapong Chowchuvech ◽  
Waricha Janjindamai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Operative Time ◽  
Primary Repair ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Elastic Ring ◽  
First Feeding ◽  
Closure Duration ◽  
Abdominal Content ◽  
Average Operative Time

Abstract Background: The definitive surgical management of gastroschisis is the return of the eviscerated abdominal content into the abdomen as soon as possible. Objectives: Assess the efficacy of using a sutureless elastic ring silo (SERS) for the management of gastroschisis. Methods: Neonates with gastroschisis were enrolled at Songklanagarind Hospital between January 2006 and December 2008. A primary repair (PR) was attempted in all cases. If this was not possible due to concerns about abdominal compartment syndrome, a stage abdominal closure with a silo pouch was fashioned: a traditional silo (TS) or SERS. When the bowel was completely reduced, a second-stage closure was performed in the operating room. Data collected included general demographic data, size of defect, associated anomalies, hospital course, mode of gastroschisis closure, duration of parenteral nutrition (PN) and ventilator, first feeding age, complications, and length of hospital stay (LOS). Results: Twenty-nine children with gastroschisis were treated (PR: 9, TS: 9, and SERS: 11). There were no differences (p >0.05) concerning gender, mode of delivery, APGAR scores, gestational age, birth weight, or defect size. A preformed silo was employed in 20 of 29 cases, TS in nine (31%), and SERS in 11 (38%) cases in an average operative time of 80.6 and 40 minutes, respectively, a significantly shorter operative time in the SERS (p =0.007). Overall, there were no differences (p >0.05) concerning duration of ventilator support (10.2 days), duration of PN (21.3 days), first feeding age (15 days), LOS (26.5 days), and complication. Conclusion: The use of a sutureless elastic ring silo with readily available inexpensive materials is simple, safe and efficacious in our setting.

scholarly journals Animal size and seawater temperature, but not pH, influence a repeatable startle response behaviour in a wide-ranging marine mollusc

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Clements ◽  
Kirti Ramesh ◽  
Jacob Nysveen ◽  
Sam Dupont ◽  
Fredrik Jutfelt
Keyword(s):  
Startle Response ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Seawater Temperature ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Blue Mussels ◽  
Marine Mollusc ◽  
Closure Duration ◽  
Ecosystem Level ◽  
Animal Size

Startle response behaviours are important in predator avoidance and escape for a wide array of animals. For many marine invertebrates, however, startle response behaviours are understudied, and the effects of global change stressors on these responses are unknown. We exposed two size classes of blue mussels (Mytilus edulis × trossulus) to different combinations of temperature (15 and 19 °C) and pH (8.2 and 7.5 pHT) for three months and subsequently measured individual time to open following a tactile predator cue (i.e., startle response time) over a series of four consecutive trials. Time to open was highly repeatable on the short-term and decreased linearly across the four trials. Individuals from the larger size class had a shorter time to open than their smaller-sized counterparts. High temperature increased time to open compared to low temperature, while pH had no effect. These results suggest that bivalve time to open is repeatable, related to relative vulnerability to predation, and affected by temperature. Given that increased closure times impact feeding and respiration, the effect of temperature on closure duration may play a role in the sensitivity to ocean warming in this species and contribute to ecosystem-level effects.

scholarly journals Phonetic structures of Turkish Kabardian

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Gordon ◽  
Ayla Applebaum
Keyword(s):  
Voice Onset Time ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Aerodynamic Characteristics ◽  
Rare Type ◽  
Place Of Articulation ◽  
Short Vowels ◽  
Closure Duration ◽  
Phonetic Study ◽  
Phonetic Realization

This paper reports results of a quantitative phonetic study of Kabardian, a Northwest Caucasian language that is of typological interest from a phonetic standpoint. A number of cross-linguistically rare properties are examined. These features include the phonetic realization of Kabardian's small vowel inventory, which contains only three contrastive vowel qualities (two short vowels and one long vowel), spectral characteristics of the ten supralaryngeal voiceless fricatives of Kabardian, as well as the acoustic, palatographic, and aerodynamic characteristics of ejective fricatives, an extremely rare type of segment cross-linguistically. In addition, basic properties of the consonant stop series are explored, including closure duration and voice onset time, in order to test postulated universals linking these properties to place of articulation and laryngeal setting.

Closure duration of stop consonants

1983 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine T. Stathopoulos ◽  
Gary Weismer
Keyword(s):  
Stop Consonants ◽  
Closure Duration

Onset Cy and High Vowel Devoicing in Japanese

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-126
Author(s):  
Manami Hirayama ◽  
Timothy J. Vance
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Production Experiment ◽  
Phonetic Realization ◽  
Vowel Devoicing

Abstract Japanese has contrasts between onsets romanized as singletons and Cy clusters (e.g., kaku ‘rank’ vs. kyaku ‘guest’). It is uncertain whether Cy should be treated as a distinctively palatalized consonant /Cy/ or as a /Cy/ cluster; the phonetic realization is compatible with either. A distributional argument favoring the /Cy/ analysis is the neutralization of the contrast before front vowels: Ci, Ce, *Cyi, *Cye; the absence of */Cyi/ and */Cye/ follows automatically from */yi/ and */ye/. In this paper, high vowel devoicing is used as a diagnostic to investigate this phonemicization issue. A production experiment was conducted, comparing the rates of vowel devoicing in words containing Cu/iC and CyuC sequences (e.g., maputa vs. mapyuta). The devoicing rate was significantly lower in CyuC than in Cu/iC. This supports the cluster analysis /Cy/ (with the /y/ inhibiting devoicing) over the singleton analysis /Cy/ for the onset palatalized consonants of Japanese.

Non-durational acoustic correlates of word-initial consonant gemination in Kelantan Malay: The potential roles of amplitude and f0

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-60
Author(s):  
Mohd Hilmi Hamzah ◽  
John Hajek ◽  
Janet Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Initial Position ◽  
Acoustic Parameters ◽  
Rare Word ◽  
Acoustic Correlates ◽  
Closure Duration ◽  
Disyllabic Words ◽  
Consonant Gemination ◽  
Manner Of Articulation ◽  
Magnitude Difference

This study reports on non-durational acoustic correlates of typologically rare word-initial consonant gemination in Kelantan Malay (KM) by focusing on two acoustic parameters – amplitude and f0. Given the unusual characteristics of the word-initial consonant contrast and its potential maintenance in domain-initial environments, this study sets to examine the extent to which amplitude and f0 can potentially characterise such a contrast in KM in addition to the cross-linguistically established acoustic correlate of closure duration. The production data involved elicited materials from sixteen KM native speakers. RMS and f0 values were measured at the start of the vowel following stops and sonorants produced in isolation (i.e. utterance-initial position) and in a carrier sentence (i.e. utterance-medial position). Results indicate that the consonant contrast is reflected in systematic differences in (i) vowel onset amplitude and f0 following the target consonant and (ii) the ratios of amplitude and f0 across two syllables of disyllabic words. There are also effects of utterance position, manner of articulation and voicing type on the magnitude of contrast between singletons and geminates with utterance-initial voiceless stops generally showing the greatest magnitude difference. The conclusion is drawn that the KM word-initial singleton/geminate consonant contrast can be associated with a set of acoustic parameters alongside closure duration.

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