scholarly journals Using unilateral stimulation to create a reference for bilateral fusion judgments

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (11) ◽  
pp. 114401
Author(s):  
Grace Hyerin Kim ◽  
Justin M. Aronoff
Keyword(s):  
Unilateral Stimulation

Effects of Carotid Baroreceptor Stimulation and Renal Denervation on the Medullary Concentration Gradient in Rat Kidneys

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 340-344
Author(s):  
R. Keeler
Keyword(s):  
Concentration Gradient ◽  
Renal Medulla ◽  
Urine Osmolality ◽  
Tissue Composition ◽  
Solute Content ◽  
Carotid Baroreceptor ◽  
Medullary Tissue ◽  
Unilateral Stimulation ◽  
Humoral Agent ◽  
Desoxycorticosterone Acetate

Unilateral stimulation of carotid baroreceptors in unanesthetized rats treated with desoxycorticosterone acetate caused highly significant decreases in solute content and osmolar concentration in the inner renal medulla. There was also a corresponding decrease in urine osmolality and a large increase in the excretion of sodium. In rats subjected to water diuresis, the changes in medullary tissue composition were similar but sodium excretion was very low, indicating that the natriuretic response was not a result of medullary 'washout' per se.Renal denervation had no significant effect on medullary tissue composition and did not prevent the dissipation of the cortico–medullary concentration gradient following carotid baroreceptor stimulation.It is concluded that the changes in inner medullary composition are mediated by a humoral agent.

Functional vagal input to chemically identified neurons in pancreatic ganglia as revealed by Fos expression

1999 ◽  
Vol 277 (5) ◽  
pp. E958-E964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiulin Wang ◽  
Huiyuan Zheng ◽  
Hans-Rudolf Berthoud
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Vagal Stimulation ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
The Body ◽  
Identified Neurons ◽  
Stimulation Parameters ◽  
Unilateral Stimulation ◽  
Excitatory Synaptic Input ◽  
Fos Expression ◽  
Oxide Synthase

The importance of neural elements in the control of both endocrine and exocrine pancreatic secretory functions and their coordination with gastrointestinal, hepatic, and general homeostatic functions is increasingly recognized. To better characterize the vagal efferent input to the pancreas, the capacity of electrical vagal stimulation to induce expression of c-Fos in neurochemically identified neurons of intrapancreatic ganglia was investigated. At optimal stimulation parameters, unilateral stimulation of either the left or right cervical vagus induced Fos expression in ∼30% of neurons in the head and 10–20% of neurons in the body and tail of the pancreas. There was no Fos expression if no stimulation or stimulation with a distally cut vagus was applied. Large proportions of neurons contained nitric oxide synthase as assessed with NADPH diaphorase histochemistry (88%) and choline acetyltransferase. The proportion of nitrergic and nonnitrergic neurons receiving vagal input was not different. It is concluded that a significant proportion of pancreatic neurons receives excitatory synaptic input from vagal preganglionic axons and that many of these vagal postganglionic neurons can produce nitric oxide and acetylcholine.

Facilitation of female reproductive behavior from mesensephalic central gray in the rat

1979 ◽  
Vol 237 (5) ◽  
pp. R278-R284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Sakuma ◽  
D. W. Pfaff
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Mesencephalic Reticular Formation ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Motor Systems ◽  
Functional Link ◽  
Implanted Electrodes ◽  
Unilateral Stimulation ◽  
Postural Changes ◽  
Central Gray ◽  
Stimulation Of

Electrical stimulation in the mesencephalic central gray (CG) and adjacent subtectum through chronically implanted electrodes in free-moving estrogen-primed ovariectomized female rats elicited a rapid and large facilitation of the lordosis reflex in response to either male mounts or manula cutaneous stimuli. Unilateral stimulation was sufficient for this effect. The facilitation increased in a graded manner to increased stimulus intensity, and was optimally evoked by stimuli delivered at 50--150 Hz. Facilitation disappeared rapidly following the end ot electrical stimulation, and within 15 min, reflex performance returned to the prestimulation level. Lordosis facilitation appeared when no aversive responses occurred; stimulation with comparable parameters at the lateral edge of CG or in the mesencephalic reticular formation often resulted in postural changes or aversive responses but was not able to facilitate lordosis. Lordosis refelx facilitation was probably mediated by projections descending from neurons in and around the CG, and represents stimulation of a functional link between ascending somatosensory and descending motor systems for the control of lordosis behavior.

scholarly journals Symmetry of oculomotor burst neuron coordinates about Listing's plane

1992 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 432-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Crawford ◽  
T. Vilis
Keyword(s):  
Emergent Behavior ◽  
Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus ◽  
Anatomic Landmarks ◽  
Electrical Microstimulation ◽  
Listing's Plane ◽  
Unilateral Stimulation ◽  
Eye Rotation ◽  
Burst Neuron ◽  
Listing’S Plane ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the axes of eye rotation generated by oculomotor burst neuron populations and the coordinate system that they collectively define. In particular, we asked if such coordinates might be related to constraints in the emergent behavior, i.e., Listing's law for saccades. 2. The mesencephalic rostral interstitial nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus (riMLF) was identified in four monkeys with the use of single-unit recording, and then explored with the use of electrical microstimulation and pharmacological inactivation with the inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonist muscimol. Three-dimensional (3-D) eye positions and velocities were recorded in one or both eyes while alert animals made eye movements in response to visual stimuli and head rotation. 3. Unilateral stimulation of the riMLF (20 microA, 200 Hz, 300-600 ms) produced conjugate, constant velocity eye rotations, which then stopped abruptly and held their final positions. This is expected if the riMLF produces phasic signals upstream from the oculomotor integrator. 4. Units that burst before upward or downward saccades were recorded intermingled in each side of the riMLF. Unilateral stimulation of the same riMLF sites produced eye rotations about primarily torsional axes, clockwise (CW) during right riMLF stimulation and counterclockwise (CCW) during left stimulation. Only small and inconsistent vertical components were observed, supporting the view that the riMLF carries intermingled up and down signals. 5. The torsional axes of eye rotation produced by riMLF stimulation did not correlate to external anatomic landmarks. Instead, stimulation axes from both riMLF sides aligned with the primary gaze direction orthogonal to Listing's plane of eye positions recorded during saccades. 6. Injection of muscimol into one side of the riMLF produced a conjugate deficit in saccades and quick phases, including a 50% reduction in all vertical velocities and complete loss of one torsional direction. CW was lost after right riMLF inactivation, and CCW was lost after left inactivation. 7. The plane that separated the intact torsional axes from the missing axes correlated with the orientation of Listing's plane. Thus, during left or right riMLF inactivation, the vertical axes of intact horizontal saccades were abnormally aligned with Listing's plane. The orientation of these axes was not correlated with external anatomic landmarks. 8. As suggested by their alignment with Listing's plane, the intact vertical axes of horizontal saccades following riMLF inactivation were orthogonal to torsional riMLF stimulation axes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Olfaction and Hemispheric Asymmetry: Unilateral Stimulation and Bilateral Electrodermal Recordings

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 160-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gérard Brand ◽  
Jean-Louis Millot ◽  
Danielle Henquell
Keyword(s):  
Hemispheric Asymmetry ◽  
Unilateral Stimulation

Evidence for Interhemispheric Processing of Inputs From the Hands in Human S2 and PV

2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 2236-2244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Disbrow ◽  
Tim Roberts ◽  
David Poeppel ◽  
Leah Krubitzer
Keyword(s):  
Field Strength ◽  
Sylvian Fissure ◽  
Neuronal Firing ◽  
Late Response ◽  
Bilateral Stimulation ◽  
Opposite Hemisphere ◽  
Unilateral Stimulation ◽  
Neural Substrate ◽  
Early Peak ◽  
Neuronal Firing Rate

In the present investigation, we identified cortical areas involved in the integration of bimanual inputs in human somatosensory cortex. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and magnetoencephalography (MEG), we compared the responses to unilateral versus bilateral stimulation in anterior parietal cortex and areas in the Sylvian fissure of the contralateral hemisphere. The extent of fMRI activation on the upper bank of the Sylvian fissure, in the second somatosensory (S2) and the parietal ventral (PV) areas, was significantly larger for bilateral stimulation than for unilateral stimulation. Using MEG, we were able to describe the latency of response in S1 and S2/PV to unilateral and bilateral stimulation. The MEG response had three components under both stimulus conditions. An early peak in S1 at 40 ms, a middle peak in S2/PV at 80–160 ms, and three late peaks in S2/PV at 250–420 ms. There was an increase in magnetic field strength in S2/PV to bilateral stimulation at 300–400 ms post stimulus. The fMRI results indicate that, as in monkeys, S2/PV receives inputs from both the contralateral and ipsilateral hand. The MEG data suggest that information is processed serially from S1 to S2. The very late response in S2/PV indicates that extensive intrahemispheric processing occurs before information is transferred to the opposite hemisphere. The neural substrate for the increased activation and field strength at long latencies during bilateral stimulation can be accounted for in three ways. Under bilateral stimulus conditions, more neurons may be active, neuronal firing rate may increase, and/or neural activity may be more synchronous.

Tourette syndrome: Clinical benefit with unilateral stimulation after bilateral pallidal implant

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 580-582
Author(s):  
Malco Rossi ◽  
Daniel Cerquetti ◽  
Angel Cammarota ◽  
Marcelo Merello
Keyword(s):  
Tourette Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Benefit ◽  
Unilateral Stimulation

Urinary Bladder Response to Unilateral Stimulation of Pelvic Nerves.

1955 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. Ingersoll ◽  
L. L. Jones ◽  
E. S. Hegre
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Unilateral Stimulation ◽  
Pelvic Nerves ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals Bilateral or Unilateral Stimulation for Baroreflex Activation Therapy

Hypertension ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter W. de Leeuw ◽  
Teba Alnima ◽  
Eric Lovett ◽  
Domenic Sica ◽  
John Bisognano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baroreflex Activation Therapy ◽  
Unilateral Stimulation ◽  
Activation Therapy
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