Towards an understanding of tone category variability in Cantonese

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 (4) ◽  
pp. 2503-2503
Author(s):  
Rachel Soo ◽  
Molly Babel
Keyword(s):  
Category Variability ◽  
Tone Category

scholarly journals Further attempts to clarify the importance of category variability for categorisation

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amotz Perlman ◽  
Ulrike Hahn ◽  
Darren J. Edwards ◽  
Emmanuel M. Pothos
Keyword(s):  
Category Variability

scholarly journals Category variability, exemplar similarity, and perceptual classification

2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 1165-1175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew L. Cohen ◽  
Robert M. Nosofsky ◽  
Safa R. Zaki
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Classification ◽  
Category Variability

scholarly journals Development and validation of the Interoceptive States Static Images (ISSI) database

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Biotti ◽  
Sarah Ahmad ◽  
Racquel Quinn ◽  
Rebecca Brewer
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Internal State ◽  
The Self ◽  
State Action ◽  
Internal States ◽  
Static Images ◽  
Category Variability ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
And Control

AbstractInternal bodily signals provide an essential function for human survival. Accurate recognition of such signals in the self, known as interoception, supports the maintenance of homeostasis, and is closely related to emotional processing, learning and decision-making, and mental health. While numerous studies have investigated interoception in the self, the recognition of these states in others has not been examined despite its crucial importance for successful social relationships. This paper presents the development and validation of the Interoceptive States Static Images (ISSI), introducing a validated database of 423 visual stimuli for the study of non-affective internal state recognition in others, freely available to other researchers. Actors were photographed expressing various exemplars of both interoceptive states and control actions. The images went through a two-stage validation procedure, the first involving free-labelling and the second using multiple choice labelling and quality rating scales. Five scores were calculated for each stimulus, providing information about the quality and specificity of the depiction, as well as the extent to which labels matched the intended state/action. Results demonstrated that control action stimuli were more recognisable than internal state stimuli. Inter-category variability was found for the internal states, with some states being more recognisable than others. Recommendations for the utilisation of ISSI stimuli are discussed. The stimulus set is freely available to researchers, alongside data concerning recognisability.

scholarly journals Neural Hierarchy of Color Categorization: From Prototype Encoding to Boundary Encoding

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengdan Sun ◽  
Luming Hu ◽  
Xiaoyang Xin ◽  
Xuemin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Category Boundary ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Color Categories ◽  
Color Categorization ◽  
Category Variability ◽  
Candidate Loci ◽  
The Brain

A long-standing debate exists on how our brain assigns the fine-grained perceptual representation of color into discrete color categories. Recent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have identified several regions as the candidate loci of color categorization, including the visual cortex, language-related areas, and non-language-related frontal regions, but the evidence is mixed. Distinct from most studies that emphasized the representational differences between color categories, the current study focused on the variability among members within a category (e.g., category prototypes and boundaries) to reveal category encoding in the brain. We compared and modeled brain activities evoked by color stimuli with varying distances from the category boundary in an active categorization task. The frontal areas, including the inferior and middle frontal gyri, medial superior frontal cortices, and insular cortices, showed larger responses for colors near the category boundary than those far from the boundary. In addition, the visual cortex encodes both within-category variability and cross-category differences. The left V1 in the calcarine showed greater responses to colors at the category center than to those far from the boundary, and the bilateral V4 showed enhanced responses for colors at the category center as well as colors around the boundary. The additional representational similarity analyses (RSA) revealed that the bilateral insulae and V4a carried information about cross-category differences, as cross-category colors exhibited larger dissimilarities in brain patterns than within-category colors. Our study suggested a hierarchically organized network in the human brain during active color categorization, with frontal (both lateral and medial) areas supporting domain-general decisional processes and the visual cortex encoding category structure and differences, likely due to top-down modulation.

scholarly journals Early Sino-Vietnamese Lexical Data and the Relative Chronology of Tonogenesis in Chinese and Vietnamese

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 3-33
Author(s):  
Mark J. Alves
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Characters ◽  
Old Chinese ◽  
Relative Chronology ◽  
Lexical Data ◽  
Level Tone ◽  
Tone Category

Vietnamese has numerous early-era Chinese loanwords with ngang and huyền tones, which in Middle Chinese loanwords correspond to the pingsheng level tone category, for words that should have sắc or nặng tones, corresponding to the Middle Chinese non-level qusheng departing tone category. 1 It is proposed that this layer of Early Sino-Vietnamese represents borrowing of Chinese words in the period after which Old Chinese had lost final *-s and prior to tonogenesis in Viet-Muong, thus leading to words with the level-tone category when tones emerged in Viet-Muong. This paper provides 60 items of Early Sino-Vietnamese that exemplify this phenomenon of ngang/huyền tones in qusheng words, but also 120 items exemplifying the previously noted reversal of sắc/nặng and hỏi/ngã tones between Early Sino-Vietnamese and later Sino-Vietnamese (the formalized readings of Chinese characters). Altogether, this allows for an overall relative chronology of the development of tones in both Sinitic and Vietic.

Experienced Category Variability Modulates the Impact of Context on Evaluative Judgments

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
Marília Prada ◽  
Teresa Garcia-Marques
Keyword(s):  
Context Effects ◽  
Judgment Task ◽  
Evaluative Judgments ◽  
Stimulus Evaluation ◽  
Negative Images ◽  
Abstract Data ◽  
Category Variability ◽  
Context Cues ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Data from two experiments show that the experienced structure of a category (i.e., as having high vs. low variability) modulates the impact of context on evaluative judgments of individual exemplars. Target objects (unfamiliar in Experiment 1 and familiar in Experiment 2) were primed with positive and negative images while varying the number (Experiment 1) or typicity (Experiment 2) of exemplars known from a category prior to the judgment task. The results show that evaluations of object valence were more influenced by valenced context cues in high than in low variability category conditions. These results are taken as evidence that more varied exemplar-based category representations facilitate context effects on stimulus evaluation.

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