A biologically oriented sound segregation algorithm

2019 ◽  
Vol 146 (4) ◽  
pp. 2917-2917
Author(s):  
Kenny Chou ◽  
H. Steven Colburn ◽  
Kamal Sen
Keyword(s):  
Sound Segregation

Newborn Infants Detect Cues of Concurrent Sound Segregation

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Bendixen ◽  
Gábor P. Háden ◽  
Renáta Németh ◽  
Dávid Farkas ◽  
Miklós Török ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Veridical Perception ◽  
Sound Sources ◽  
Perceptual Object ◽  
Delayed Onset ◽  
Sound Segregation ◽  
Complex Tones

Separating concurrent sounds is fundamental for a veridical perception of one's auditory surroundings. Sound components that are harmonically related and start at the same time are usually grouped into a common perceptual object, whereas components that are not in harmonic relation or have different onset times are more likely to be perceived in terms of separate objects. Here we tested whether neonates are able to pick up the cues supporting this sound organization principle. We presented newborn infants with a series of complex tones with their harmonics in tune (creating the percept of a unitary sound object) and with manipulated variants, which gave the impression of two concurrently active sound sources. The manipulated variant had either one mistuned partial (single-cue condition) or the onset of this mistuned partial was also delayed (double-cue condition). Tuned and manipulated sounds were presented in random order with equal probabilities. Recording the neonates' electroencephalographic responses allowed us to evaluate their processing of the sounds. Results show that, in both conditions, mistuned sounds elicited a negative displacement of the event-related potential (ERP) relative to tuned sounds from 360 to 400 ms after sound onset. The mistuning-related ERP component resembles the object-related negativity (ORN) component in adults, which is associated with concurrent sound segregation. Delayed onset additionally led to a negative displacement from 160 to 200 ms, which was probably more related to the physical parameters of the sounds than to their perceptual segregation. The elicitation of an ORN-like response in newborn infants suggests that neonates possess the basic capabilities of segregating concurrent sounds by detecting inharmonic relations between the co-occurring sounds.

Zero-crossing-based ratio masking for sound segregation

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Jun An ◽  
Young-Ik Kim ◽  
Rhee Man Kil
Keyword(s):  
Zero Crossing ◽  
Sound Segregation

Musical expertise and concurrent sound segregation

2006 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. 3285-3286
Author(s):  
Benjamin Rich Zendel ◽  
Claude Alain
Keyword(s):  
Musical Expertise ◽  
Sound Segregation

scholarly journals A function for binaural integration in auditory grouping and segregation in the inferior colliculus

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (6) ◽  
pp. 1819-1830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle T. Nakamoto ◽  
Trevor M. Shackleton ◽  
David A. Magezi ◽  
Alan R. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Colliculus ◽  
Central Nucleus ◽  
Harmonic Complex ◽  
Auditory Grouping ◽  
Sound Segregation ◽  
Fundamental Frequencies ◽  
Complex Stimuli ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Contralateral Ear ◽  
Contralateral Stimulus

Responses of neurons to binaural, harmonic complex stimuli in urethane-anesthetized guinea pig inferior colliculus (IC) are reported. To assess the binaural integration of harmonicity cues for sound segregation and grouping, responses were measured to harmonic complexes with different fundamental frequencies presented to each ear. Simultaneously gated harmonic stimuli with fundamental frequencies of 125 Hz and 145 Hz were presented to the left and right ears, respectively, and recordings made from 96 neurons with characteristic frequencies >2 kHz in the central nucleus of the IC. Of these units, 70 responded continuously throughout the stimulus and were excited by the stimulus at the contralateral ear. The stimulus at the ipsilateral ear excited (EE: 14%; 10/70), inhibited (EI: 33%; 23/70), or had no significant effect (EO: 53%; 37/70), defined by the effect on firing rate. The neurons phase locked to the temporal envelope at each ear to varying degrees depending on signal level. Many of the cells (predominantly EO) were dominated by the response to the contralateral stimulus. Another group (predominantly EI) synchronized to the contralateral stimulus and were suppressed by the ipsilateral stimulus in a phasic manner. A third group synchronized to the stimuli at both ears (predominantly EE). Finally, a group only responded when the waveform peaks from each ear coincided. We conclude that these groups of neurons represent different “streams” of information but exhibit modifications of the response rather than encoding a feature of the stimulus, like pitch.

Preserved use of spatial cues for sound segregation in a case of spatial deafness

2003 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 1254-1261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Bellmann Thiran ◽  
Stephanie Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Cues ◽  
Sound Segregation

scholarly journals Olfactory object recognition based on fine-scale stimulus timing in Drosophila

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aarti Sehdev ◽  
Yunusa G. Mohammed ◽  
Tilman Triphan ◽  
Paul Szyszka
Keyword(s):  
Food Sources ◽  
Odor Source ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Sound Segregation ◽  
Temporal Cues ◽  
Stimulus Timing ◽  
Onset Asynchrony ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Source Segregation ◽  
Do So

SUMMARYOdorants of behaviorally relevant objects (e.g., food sources) intermingle with those from other sources. Therefore, to sniff out whether an odor source is good or bad – without actually visiting it – animals first need to segregate the odorants from different sources. To do so, animals could use temporal cues, since odorants from one source exhibit correlated fluctuations, while odorants from different sources are less correlated. However, it remains unclear whether animals can rely solely on temporal cues for odor source segregation. Here we show that 1) flies can use a few milliseconds differences in odorant arrival to segregate a target odorant from a binary mixture, 2) segregation does not improve when the target odorant arrives first, and 3) segregation works for odorants with innate, as well as learned valences. These properties of odor segregation parallel those of concurrent sound segregation and figure-ground segregation by onset asynchrony in humans.

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