scholarly journals The size of the tongue movement area affects the temporal coordination of consonants and vowels—A proof of concept on investigating speech rhythm

2018 ◽  
Vol 144 (5) ◽  
pp. EL410-EL416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Tomaschek ◽  
Adrian Leemann
Keyword(s):  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Tongue Movement ◽  
Speech Rhythm ◽  
Temporal Coordination

scholarly journals Characterizing speech rhythm using spectral coherence analysis of jaw kinematics and speech temporal envelope: A proof of concept

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei He
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Speech Comprehension ◽  
Coherence Analysis ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Spectral Coherence ◽  
Speech Rhythm ◽  
Temporal Envelope ◽  
Frequency Bands ◽  
Frequency Modulations

Lower modulation rates in the temporal envelope (ENV) constitute the rhythmic frames in speech and are crucial for speech comprehension in terms of neuronal entrainments at δ- and θ-rates. The jaw plays the role of a carrier articulator producing the low-frequency modulations in this process. This paper introduces a method to examine the joint roles of jaw oscillation and ENV in formulating rhythmic frames using spectral coherence. Relative powers in the frequency bands corresponding to the δ- and θ-oscillations were quantified and regressed on utterance duration. Two English corpora were analyzed for the proof of concept.

scholarly journals Characterizing speech rhythm using spectral coherence between jaw displacement and speech temporal envelope

Loquens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. e074
Author(s):  
Lei He ◽  
Yu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mouth Opening ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Speech Comprehension ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Physical Consequence ◽  
Spectral Coherence ◽  
Speech Rhythm ◽  
Temporal Envelope ◽  
Frequency Modulations

Lower modulation rates in the temporal envelope (ENV) of the acoustic signal are believed to be the rhythmic backbone in speech, facilitating speech comprehension in terms of neuronal entrainments at δ- and θ-rates (these rates are comparable to the foot- and syllable-rates phonetically). The jaw plays the role of a carrier articulator regulating mouth opening in a quasi-cyclical way, which correspond to the low-frequency modulations as a physical consequence. This paper describes a method to examine the joint roles of jaw oscillation and ENV in realizing speech rhythm using spectral coherence. Relative powers in the frequency bands corresponding to the δ-and θ-oscillations in the coherence (respectively notated as %δ and %θ) were quantified as one possible way of revealing the amount of concomitant foot- and syllable-level rhythmicities carried by both acoustic and articulatory domains. Two English corpora (mngu0 and MOCHA-TIMIT) were used for the proof of concept. %δ and %θ were regressed on utterance duration for an initial analysis. Results showed that the degrees of foot- and syllable-sized rhythmicities are different and are contingent upon the utterance length.

Direct measurement of electron-diffraction-pattern intensities using an energy loss spectrometer

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 668-669
Author(s):  
A. G. Jackson ◽  
M. Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Effects ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Scattering Amplitude ◽  
Dynamical Theory ◽  
Site Symmetry ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Parallel Acquisition ◽  
Kinematic Approximation ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Structure Calculations

Diffraction intensities from intermetallic compounds are, in the kinematic approximation, proportional to the scattering amplitude from the element doing the scattering. More detailed calculations have shown that site symmetry and occupation by various atom species also affects the intensity in a diffracted beam. [1] Hence, by measuring the intensities of beams, or their ratios, the occupancy can be estimated. Measurement of the intensity values also allows structure calculations to be made to determine the spatial distribution of the potentials doing the scattering. Thermal effects are also present as a background contribution. Inelastic effects such as loss or absorption/excitation complicate the intensity behavior, and dynamical theory is required to estimate the intensity value.The dynamic range of currents in diffracted beams can be 104or 105:1. Hence, detection of such information requires a means for collecting the intensity over a signal-to-noise range beyond that obtainable with a single film plate, which has a S/N of about 103:1. Although such a collection system is not available currently, a simple system consisting of instrumentation on an existing STEM can be used as a proof of concept which has a S/N of about 255:1, limited by the 8 bit pixel attributes used in the electronics. Use of 24 bit pixel attributes would easily allowthe desired noise range to be attained in the processing instrumentation. The S/N of the scintillator used by the photoelectron sensor is about 106 to 1, well beyond the S/N goal. The trade-off that must be made is the time for acquiring the signal, since the pattern can be obtained in seconds using film plates, compared to 10 to 20 minutes for a pattern to be acquired using the digital scan. Parallel acquisition would, of course, speed up this process immensely.

Automated Acoustic Analysis of Oral Diadochokinesis to Assess Bulbar Motor Involvement in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panying Rong
Keyword(s):  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Speaking Rate ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Tongue Movement ◽  
Major Barrier ◽  
Syllable Repetition ◽  
Oral Diadochokinesis ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Purpose The purpose of this article was to validate a novel acoustic analysis of oral diadochokinesis (DDK) in assessing bulbar motor involvement in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Method An automated acoustic DDK analysis was developed, which filtered out the voice features and extracted the envelope of the acoustic waveform reflecting the temporal pattern of syllable repetitions during an oral DDK task (i.e., repetitions of /tɑ/ at the maximum rate on 1 breath). Cycle-to-cycle temporal variability (cTV) of envelope fluctuations and syllable repetition rate (sylRate) were derived from the envelope and validated against 2 kinematic measures, which are tongue movement jitter (movJitter) and alternating tongue movement rate (AMR) during the DDK task, in 16 individuals with bulbar ALS and 18 healthy controls. After the validation, cTV, sylRate, movJitter, and AMR, along with an established clinical speech measure, that is, speaking rate (SR), were compared in their ability to (a) differentiate individuals with ALS from healthy controls and (b) detect early-stage bulbar declines in ALS. Results cTV and sylRate were significantly correlated with movJitter and AMR, respectively, across individuals with ALS and healthy controls, confirming the validity of the acoustic DDK analysis in extracting the temporal DDK pattern. Among all the acoustic and kinematic DDK measures, cTV showed the highest diagnostic accuracy (i.e., 0.87) with 80% sensitivity and 94% specificity in differentiating individuals with ALS from healthy controls, which outperformed the SR measure. Moreover, cTV showed a large increase during the early disease stage, which preceded the decline of SR. Conclusions This study provided preliminary validation of a novel automated acoustic DDK analysis in extracting a useful measure, namely, cTV, for early detection of bulbar ALS. This analysis overcame a major barrier in the existing acoustic DDK analysis, which is continuous voicing between syllables that interferes with syllable structures. This approach has potential clinical applications as a novel bulbar assessment.

Remote Echocardiography: Proof of Concept for Support of National Disasters, Combat and Humanitarian Mission

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheri Yvonne Nottestad Boyd ◽  
Linda L. Huffer ◽  
Terry D. Bauch ◽  
James L. Furgerson
Keyword(s):  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Humanitarian Mission

Model, simulation and experiments for a Buoyancy Organic Rankine Cycle

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 10906
Author(s):  
Jeroen Schoenmaker ◽  
Pâmella Gonçalves Martins ◽  
Guilherme Corsi Miranda da Silva ◽  
Julio Carlos Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Model Simulation ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Thermodynamic Cycle ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Test Body ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Energy Scenario ◽  
New Type ◽  
Fluid Reservoir

Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) systems are increasingly gaining relevance in the renewable and sustainable energy scenario. Recently our research group published a manuscript identifying a new type of thermodynamic cycle entitled Buoyancy Organic Rankine Cycle (BORC) [J. Schoenmaker, J.F.Q. Rey, K.R. Pirota, Renew. Energy 36, 999 (2011)]. In this work we present two main contributions. First, we propose a refined thermodynamic model for BORC systems accounting for the specific heat of the working fluid. Considering the refined model, the efficiencies for Pentane and Dichloromethane at temperatures up to 100 °C were estimated to be 17.2%. Second, we show a proof of concept BORC system using a 3 m tall, 0.062 m diameter polycarbonate tube as a column-fluid reservoir. We used water as a column fluid. The thermal stability and uniformity throughout the tube has been carefully simulated and verified experimentally. After the thermal parameters of the water column have been fully characterized, we developed a test body to allow an adequate assessment of the BORC-system's efficiency. We obtained 0.84% efficiency for 43.8 °C working temperature. This corresponds to 35% of the Carnot efficiency calculated for the same temperature difference. Limitations of the model and the apparatus are put into perspective, pointing directions for further developments of BORC systems.

Indocyanine green-augmented diode laser therapy of telangiectatic and reticular leg veins: a clinical proof-of-concept trial

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Klein ◽  
G Shafirstein ◽  
E Kohl ◽  
W Bäumler ◽  
M Landthaler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indocyanine Green ◽  
Laser Therapy ◽  
Diode Laser ◽  
Proof Of Concept

Evaluation einer als Proof-of-Concept entwickelten MRT-kompatiblen und röntgentransparenten Knochenbohrmaschine

2012 ◽  
Vol 184 (S 01) ◽  
Author(s):  
FV Güttler ◽  
K Winterwerber ◽  
C Gross ◽  
A Heinrich ◽  
M de Bucourt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proof Of Concept

Besser als Genexpressionstests?

2018 ◽  
Vol 09 (02) ◽  
pp. 65-66
Author(s):  
Alexander Kretzschmar
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Circulating Tumor Cells ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Zirkulierende Tumorzellen

Zirkulierende Tumorzellen (Circulating Tumor Cells; CTC) sind Prädiktoren von Spät-rezidiven bei Frauen mit einem Hormonrezeptor-positiven (HR-positiv), HER2-negativen frühen Mammakarzinom. Dies ergab eine Proof-of-Concept-Studie, die von Dr. Joseph Sparano, New York, auf dem SABCS 2017 vorgestellt wurde. Spätrezidive machen etwa die Hälfte aller Östrogenrezeptor-positiven Rezidive aus. Genexpressionstests können zwar das Risiko eines Rezidivs insgesamt quantifizieren. Sparanos Arbeitsgruppe glaubt aber, dass CTC bessere Biomarker für Spätrezidive sind.

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