Effects of consonant voicing on vocalic segment duration across resonants and prosodic boundaries

2017 ◽  
Vol 141 (5) ◽  
pp. 3702-3702
Author(s):  
D. H. Whalen
Keyword(s):  
Prosodic Boundaries ◽  
Segment Duration ◽  
Consonant Voicing

scholarly journals Os domínios prosódicos e a duração de sílabas no português brasileiro (Prosodic domains and syllable duration in Brazilian Portuguese)

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Raquel Santana Santos ◽  
Eneida Goes Leal
Keyword(s):  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Syntactic Structures ◽  
Phrase Boundary ◽  
Syllable Duration ◽  
Prosodic Boundaries ◽  
Consonant Voicing

Este artigo analisa a variação da duração de sílabas em diferentes domínios prosódicos e pretende oferecer mais ferramentas que permitam analisar estruturas sintáticas através de pistas fonológicas. Nossos resultados apontam que sílabas pós-tônicas em final de enunciado são significantemente mais longas do que nos outros domínios. Eles também mostram que, enquanto o tipo de vogal não afeta a duração das sílabas átonas, o vozeamento das consoantes afetou os resultados. Finalmente, não há variação de resultados a depender de as palavras serem parte do léxico ou logatomas.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Domínios Prosódicos. Duração. Interface Fonologia-Sintaxe.ABSTRACT This paper discusses syllable duration with respect to different prosodic domains and presents additional tools to analyze syntactic structures through phonological cues. Our results show that post-tonic syllables are longer at the intonational phrase boundary but not at other prosodic boundaries. The results also show that the type of vowel involved does not affect the duration of the syllable, but consonant voicing does. Finally, we show that both real words and logatoms do not affect the results. KEYWORDS: Prosodic Domains. Duration. Syntax-Phonology Interface.

Focus Attracts Attachment

2021 ◽  
pp. 002383092110333
Author(s):  
Katy Carlson ◽  
David Potter
Keyword(s):  
Information Structure ◽  
Focus Position ◽  
Auditory Comprehension ◽  
Perceptual Salience ◽  
Wh Questions ◽  
Prosodic Boundaries ◽  
Sentence Interpretation ◽  
Pitch Accents

There is growing evidence that pitch accents as well as prosodic boundaries can affect syntactic attachment. But is this an effect of their perceptual salience (the Salience Hypothesis), or is it because accents mark the position of focus (the Focus Attraction Hypothesis)? A pair of auditory comprehension experiments shows that focus position, as indicated by preceding wh-questions instead of by pitch accents, affects attachment by drawing the ambiguous phrase to the focus. This supports the Focus Attraction Hypothesis (or a pragmatic version of salience) for both these results and previous results of accents on attachment. These experiments show that information structure, as indicated with prosody or other means, influences sentence interpretation, and suggests a view on which modifiers are drawn to the most important information in a sentence.

Lip and Jaw Kinematics in Bilabial Stop Consonant Production

1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 877-893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Löfqvist ◽  
Vincent L. Gracco
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategy ◽  
High Velocity ◽  
Stop Consonant ◽  
Movement Variability ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Vowel Context ◽  
Virtual Target ◽  
Contextual Variability ◽  
Consonant Voicing

This paper reports two experiments, each designed to clarify different aspects of bilabial stop consonant production. The first one examined events during the labial closure using kinematic recordings in combination with records of oral air pressure and force of labial contact. The results of this experiment suggested that the lips were moving at a high velocity when the oral closure occurred. They also indicated mechanical interactions between the lips during the closure, including tissue compression and the lower lip moving the upper lip upward. The second experiment studied patterns of upper and lower lip interactions, movement variability within and across speakers, and the effects on lip and jaw kinematics of stop consonant voicing and vowel context. Again, the results showed that the lips were moving at a high velocity at the onset of the oral closure. No consistent influences of stop consonant voicing were observed on lip and jaw kinematics in five subjects, nor on a derived measure of lip aperture. The overall results are compatible with the hypothesis that one target for the lips in bilabial stop production is a region of negative lip aperture. A negative lip aperture implies that to reach their virtual target, the lips would have to move beyond each other. Such a control strategy would ensure that the lips will form an air tight seal irrespective of any contextual variability in the onset positions of their closing movements.

Differences in Children’s Sound Production When Speaking With a Cochlear Implant Turned On and Turned Off

1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 604-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Tye-Murray ◽  
Linda Spencer ◽  
Elizabeth Gilbert Bedia ◽  
George Woodworth
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Implant ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Proprioceptive Feedback ◽  
Speech Sample ◽  
Speech Language Pathologists ◽  
Monosyllabic Words ◽  
Consonant Voicing ◽  
Vowel Height

Twenty children who have worn a Cochlear Corporation cochlear implant for an average of 33.6 months participated in a device-on/off experiment. They spoke 14 monosyllabic words three times each after having not worn their cochlear implant speech processors for several hours. They then spoke the same speech sample again with their cochlear implants turned on. The utterances were phonetically transcribed by speech-language pathologists. On average, no difference between speaking conditions on indices of vowel height, vowel place, initial consonant place, initial consonant voicing, or final consonant voicing was found. Comparisons based on a narrow transcription of the speech samples revealed no difference between the two speaking conditions. Children who were more intelligible were no more likely to show a degradation in their speech production in the device-off condition than children who were less intelligible. In the device-on condition, children sometimes nasalized their vowels and inappropriately aspirated their consonants. Their tendency to nasalize vowels and aspirate initial consonants might reflect an attempt to increase proprioceptive feedback, which would provide them with a greater awareness of their speaking behavior.

On the naturalness of stop consonant voicing

1986 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Westbury ◽  
Patricia A. Keating
Keyword(s):  
Stop Consonant ◽  
Formal Theory ◽  
Linguistic Theory ◽  
The World ◽  
Articulatory Features ◽  
Consonant Voicing

A long recognized problem for linguistic theory has been to explain why certain sounds, sound oppositions, and sound sequences are statistically preferred over others among languages of the world. The formal theory of markedness, developed by Trubetzkoy and Jakobson in the early 1930's, and extended by Chomsky and Halle (1968), represents an attempt to deal with this problem. It is at least implicit in that theory that sounds are rare when (and because) they are marked, and common when (and because) they are not. Whether sounds are marked or unmarked depends – in the latter version of the theory, particularly – upon the ‘intrinsic content’ of acoustic and articulatory features which define them. There was, however, no substantive attempt among early proponents of the theory to show what it was about the content of particular features and feature combinations that caused them to be marked, and others not.

scholarly journals Reading Fluency in Children and Adolescents Who Stutter

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1595
Author(s):  
Mona Franke ◽  
Philip Hoole ◽  
Ramona Schreier ◽  
Simone Falk
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Reading Fluency ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Articulation Rate ◽  
Prosodic Phrasing ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Prosodic Boundaries ◽  
Decoding Ability

Speech fluency is a major challenge for young persons who stutter. Reading aloud, in particular, puts high demands on fluency, not only regarding online text decoding and articulation, but also in terms of prosodic performance. A written text has to be segmented into a number of prosodic phrases with appropriate breaks. The present study examines to what extent reading fluency (decoding ability, articulation rate, and prosodic phrasing) may be altered in children (9–12 years) and adolescents (13–17 years) who stutter compared to matched control participants. Read speech of 52 children and adolescents who do and do not stutter was analyzed. Children and adolescents who stutter did not differ from their matched control groups regarding reading accuracy and articulation rate. However, children who stutter produced shorter pauses than their matched peers. Results on prosodic phrasing showed that children who stutter produced more major phrases than the control group and more intermediate phrases than adolescents who stutter. Participants who stutter also displayed a higher number of breath pauses. Generally, the number of disfluencies during reading was related to slower articulation rates and more prosodic boundaries. Furthermore, we found age-related changes in general measures of reading fluency (decoding ability and articulation rate), as well as the overall strength of prosodic boundaries and number of breath pauses. This study provides evidence for developmental stages in prosodic phrasing as well as for alterations in reading fluency in children who stutter.

scholarly journals Phonetic variation in the Korean liquid phoneme

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 701
Author(s):  
Drew Crosby ◽  
Amanda Dalola
Keyword(s):  
Phonetic Variation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Complex Picture ◽  
Prosodic Boundaries

Most discussions of the Korean liquid phoneme /l/ identify two allophones: a flap, [ɾ], in the onset of syllables, and an alveolar lateral approximant syllable-finally and in geminates. However, some research paints a more complex picture indicating a wide range of interspeaker variation for the precise articulatory realization of these allophones. The present research finds that in regards to the tap and laterals realizations previous descriptions are largely correct. It also affirms through analysis of F2 values that previous findings showing that the Korean lateral is palatalized before high front vocoids are correct. Most importantly, it analyzes F3 values to show that the retroflex variant is particularly prevalent near pauses, suggesting that retroflexion may be a secondary cue to prosodic boundaries.

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