Effect of tongue position in the simplified vocal tract model of sibilant fricatives /s/ and /ʃ/

2016 ◽  
Vol 140 (4) ◽  
pp. 3221-3221
Author(s):  
Tsukasa Yoshinaga ◽  
Kazunori Nozaki ◽  
Shigeo Wada
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Tongue Position ◽  
Sibilant Fricatives

Assessment of Tongue Position and Laryngeal Height in Two Professional Voice Populations

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-124
Author(s):  
Carly Jo Hosbach-Cannon ◽  
Soren Y. Lowell ◽  
Raymond H. Colton ◽  
Richard T. Kelley ◽  
Xue Bao
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Acoustic Resonance ◽  
Contact Dynamics ◽  
Voice Disorder ◽  
Music Program ◽  
Tongue Position ◽  
Singer Groups ◽  
Professional Voice

Purpose To advance our current knowledge of singer physiology by using ultrasonography in combination with acoustic measures to compare physiological differences between musical theater (MT) and opera (OP) singers under controlled phonation conditions. Primary objectives addressed in this study were (a) to determine if differences in hyolaryngeal and vocal fold contact dynamics occur between two professional voice populations (MT and OP) during singing tasks and (b) to determine if differences occur between MT and OP singers in oral configuration and associated acoustic resonance during singing tasks. Method Twenty-one singers (10 MT and 11 OP) were included. All participants were currently enrolled in a music program. Experimental procedures consisted of sustained phonation on the vowels /i/ and /ɑ/ during both a low-pitch task and a high-pitch task. Measures of hyolaryngeal elevation, tongue height, and tongue advancement were assessed using ultrasonography. Vocal fold contact dynamics were measured using electroglottography. Simultaneous acoustic recordings were obtained during all ultrasonography procedures for analysis of the first two formant frequencies. Results Significant oral configuration differences, reflected by measures of tongue height and tongue advancement, were seen between groups. Measures of acoustic resonance also showed significant differences between groups during specific tasks. Both singer groups significantly raised their hyoid position when singing high-pitched vowels, but hyoid elevation was not statistically different between groups. Likewise, vocal fold contact dynamics did not significantly differentiate the two singer groups. Conclusions These findings suggest that, under controlled phonation conditions, MT singers alter their oral configuration and achieve differing resultant formants as compared with OP singers. Because singers are at a high risk of developing a voice disorder, understanding how these two groups of singers adjust their vocal tract configuration during their specific singing genre may help to identify risky vocal behavior and provide a basis for prevention of voice disorders.

scholarly journals The physiology of oral whistling: a combined radiographic and MRI analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alba Azola ◽  
Jeffrey Palmer ◽  
Rachel Mulheren ◽  
Riccardo Hofer ◽  
Florian Fischmeister ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Resonant Cavity ◽  
Helmholtz Resonator ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Air Jet ◽  
Tongue Position ◽  
Buccal Space ◽  
Opening And Closing

The fluid mechanics of whistling involve the instability of an air jet, resultant vortex rings, and the interaction of these rings with rigid boundaries (see http://www.canal-u.tv/video/cerimes/etude_radiocinematographique_d_un_siffleur_turc_de_kuskoy.13056 and Meyer J. Whistled Languages. Berlin, Germany: Springer, 2015, p. 74–774). Experimental models support the hypothesis that the sound in human whistling is generated by a Helmholtz resonator, suggesting that the oral cavity acts as a resonant chamber bounded by two orifices, posteriorly by raising the tongue to the hard palate, and anteriorly by pursed lips (Henrywood RH, Agarwal A. Phys Fluids 25: 107101, 2013). However, the detailed anatomical changes in the vocal tract and their relation to the frequencies generated have not been described in the literature. In this study, videofluoroscopic and simultaneous audio recordings were made of subjects whistling with the bilabial (i.e., “puckered lip”) technique. One whistling subject was also recorded, using magnetic resonance imaging. As predicted by theory, the frequency of sound generated decreased as the size of the resonant cavity increased; this relationship was preserved throughout various whistling tasks and was consistent across subjects. Changes in the size of the resonant cavity were primarily modulated by tongue position rather than jaw opening and closing. Additionally, when high-frequency notes were produced, lateral chambers formed in the buccal space. These results provide the first dynamic anatomical evidence concerning the acoustic production of human whistling. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We establish a new and much firmer quantitative and physiological footing to current theoretical models on human whistling. We also document a novel lateral airflow mechanism used by both of our participants to produce high-frequency notes.

Effects of vocal tract geometrical differences on flow and sound of sibilant fricatives

2019 ◽  
Vol 146 (4) ◽  
pp. 3086-3086
Author(s):  
Tsukasa Yoshinaga ◽  
Kazunori Nozaki ◽  
Shigeo Wada ◽  
Akiyoshi Iida
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Sibilant Fricatives

On the Interpretation of Vowel “Quality”: The Dimension of Rounding

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leigh Lisker
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Vowel Space ◽  
Tongue Position ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
The One ◽  
Jaw Position ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

The usual description of vowels in respect to their “phonetic quality” requires the linguist to locate them within a so-called “vowel space,” apparently articulatory in nature, and having three dimensions labeled high-low (or close-open), front-back, and unrounded-rounded. The first two are coordinates of tongue with associated jaw position, while the third specifies the posture of the lips. It is recognized that vowels can vary qualitatively in ways that this three-dimensional space does not account for. So, for example, vowels may differ in degree of nasalization, and they may be rhotacized or r-colored. Moreover, it is recognized that while this vowel space serves important functions within the community of linguists, both the two measures of tongue position and the one for the lips inadequately identify those aspects of vocal tract shapes that are primarily responsible for the distinctive phonetic qualities of vowels (Ladefoged 1971). With all this said, it remains true enough that almost any vowel pair of different qualities can be described as occupying different positions with the space. Someone hearing two vowels in sequence and detecting a quality difference will presumably also be able to diagnose the nature of the articulatory shift executed in going from one vowel to the other.

scholarly journals A comparison of glossometric measurements of tongue position with magnetic resonance images of the vocal tract

1990 ◽  
Vol 87 (S1) ◽  
pp. S122-S123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin J. McCutcheon ◽  
Sungbok Lee ◽  
A. V. Lakshminarayanan ◽  
Samuel G. Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Tongue Position
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