Cartilage conduction hearing-The third sound conduction pathway

2016 ◽  
Vol 140 (4) ◽  
pp. 2945-2945
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Hosoi
Keyword(s):  
Third Sound ◽  
The Third ◽  
Conduction Pathway ◽  
Sound Conduction

THEORY OF THIRD SOUND AND STABILITY OF THIN 3He–4He SUPERFLUID FILMS

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (13n14) ◽  
pp. 2091-2102
Author(s):  
M. D. MILLER ◽  
E. KROTSCHECK
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Density ◽  
Boson Systems ◽  
Hydrodynamic Description ◽  
Third Sound ◽  
Sound Speeds ◽  
The Third ◽  
Chemical Potentials ◽  
Hypernetted Chain ◽  
Superfluid Films ◽  
Sound Spectrum

In this paper, we summarize the results of recent studies of third sound in thin, superfluid 3 He -4 He mixture films and the relation of the third sound spectrum to the question of the films' thermodynamic stability. We have considered films on several representative substrates: Nuclepore, glass, Li and Na . Our approach utilizes the variational, hypernetted chain/Euler-Lagrange (HNC–EL) theory as applied to inhomogeneous boson systems to calculate chemical potentials for both the 4 He superfluid film and the physisorbed 3 He . Numerical density derivatives of the chemical potentials lead to the sought-after third sound speeds. On all substrates, the third sound speeds show a series of oscillations as a function of film coverage that is driven by the layered structure of the 4 He film. We find that the effect on the third sound response of adding a small amount of 3 He to the 4 He film can depend sensitively on the particular 4 He film coverage. The third sound speed can either increase or decrease. In fact, in some regimes, the added 3 He destabilizes the film and can drive "layering transitions" leading to quite complicated geometric structures of the film in which the outermost layer consists of phase–separated regimes of 3 He and 4 He . Finally, we examine the range of applicability of the usual film–averaged hydrodynamic description. We find that at least up to film thicknesses of six liquid layers, there is no regime in which this hydrodynamic description is applicable.

The Third Sound of Heart Failure

CHEST Journal ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 801-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Stapleton
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Third Sound ◽  
The Third

Sound Production and Associated Behavior in the Jewel Fish, Hemichromis Bimaculat Us

Behaviour ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 64 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 125-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.J. Rowland
Keyword(s):  
White Noise ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Third Sound ◽  
The Third ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Intraspecific Communication ◽  
High Level

AbstractSound production and associated behavior of the jewel cichlid, Herlaiclarowis bimaculatus was investigated by presenting the subjects with dummies. Thump sounds are associated with a behavior called nodding and probably represent a relatively high level of aggression. Purring is closely associated with lateral display and tailbeating and occurs during the early stages of courtship and attack. The third sound consists of a series of low frequency pulses that are synchronized with the movement of courtship quivering. Individuals direct more behavior toward a dummy emitting thumps and purrs than to a silent one or to one producing pulses of white noise. This indicates that H. bimaculatus uses sound, either alone or in conjunction with other behaviors, for intraspecific communication.

scholarly journals TO TASTE THE SMELL OF LINGUISTIC SIGNIFICANCE AL-ALAQ SURAH AS A MODEL

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (06) ◽  
pp. 90-100
Author(s):  
‎ Azza Adnan Ahmed EZZAT
Keyword(s):  
High Explosive ◽  
Second Sound ◽  
Third Sound ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Subject ◽  
In The Beginning

The linguistic miracle in the Nobel Qur’an has its own flavor, in terms of drawing, sound, formula, and structure. In Al-Alaq surah, we see the subject of the study, is that the first thing that draws attention to it is the congruence of the sounds of its name (Al-Alaq) and the meaning of its three paragraphs. The first paragraph in the first five verses of the surah, which talks about the beginning of creation, the beginning of learning, and the call to acquire knowledge. As for the second sound (al-lam), which is an approximant sound, repeated in the surah 43 times, it agrees with the second paragraph of the surah, which is the longest, and includes verses (6-14) that talk about the deviation of the unbelievers, and wonder about their actions, and determines four types of people towards the Da'wa. As for the third sound (qaf), which is a very explosive sound, it coincided with the third paragraph, which includes the last five verses (15-19) that challenges the deniers and describes their fate and severe torment. It is nice that these divisions coincided with the comma of the surah, as the first five verses and the last five verses ended with the closed sound syllable (CVC), while the nine verses in the middle of the surah (6-14) ended with the open sound syllable (CVV), and because the comma governed by the soothing pause, prompts us to contemplate the significance of the end. The end of the first five verses and the last five in this passage draws our attention to the intensity in the beginning and at the end of the surah; Therefore, we counted the percentage of the long open syllable (CVV), which gives a kind of feeling of temporal calm, and we found what reinforces this, as it represented (10.6%) in the first five verses and (17.64%) in the last five verses, as for the verses of the second paragraph. In the middle of the surah (6-14), its percentage reached (21.25%), in addition, the counting of the high explosive sounds that ended with the closed vocal syllables (CVC) in the three groups was consistent with that and reinforced it.

Hemodynamic correlates of the third heart sound

1964 ◽  
Vol 207 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Arevalo ◽  
E. C. Meyer ◽  
D. M. MacCanon ◽  
A. A. Luisada
Keyword(s):  
Heart Sound ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Ventricular Volume ◽  
Pressure Curve ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Pressure Gradients ◽  
Rate Dependency ◽  
Third Sound ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Heart Sound

The third heart sound was related to hemodynamic events in 18 dogs using both external and intracardiac phonocardiograms, multiple catheterizations, and additional techniques. The third sound was found to be independent of atrioventricular or ventriculoatrial pressure gradients. The time of occurrence of the third sound was determined within certain limits by the duration of isovolumetric relaxation, which showed a definite rate dependency. The third heart sound persisted under conditions in which blood flow into the ventricle was prevented. The third heart sound coincided constantly with the return to the base line of the first derivative of the intraventricular pressure curve. Based on its independence from flow in marked systolic overload and on its relationships to parameters reflecting the state of the myocardium it seems that the third sound is associated with the end of ventricular muscle relaxation when ventricular volume and compliance equilibrate.

GENERIC ELECTRON MOBILITY IN SURFACE STATES ON HELIUM FILMS

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (13n14) ◽  
pp. 2103-2114
Author(s):  
E. KROTSCHECK ◽  
M. D. MILLER
Keyword(s):  
Sound Speed ◽  
Surface States ◽  
Film Structure ◽  
Variational Theory ◽  
Third Sound ◽  
Long Wavelength ◽  
The Third ◽  
Scattering Rate ◽  
Substrate Structure ◽  
Hypernetted Chain

We study the mobility of electrons adsorbed to thin 4 He films. Utilizing the time-dependent version of the Euler-Lagrange, hypernetted chain variational theory, we compute the inelastic scattering rate of an electron due to collisions with film excitations (third sound). We obtain an analytic result valid in the long wavelength limit. In agreement with experiment, the mobility shows oscillations due to the underlying transverse film structure. The oscillations are explicitly due to the appearance of the third sound speed in the scattering rate since the third sound speed itself oscillates in conjunction with the 4 He film structure. The mobilities tend to be higher than reported mobilities on thin films, which we attribute to substrate structure. We interpret our results as generic mobilities that are valid in the limit of perfectly smooth, structureless substrates.

APICAL DIASTOLIC HEART SOUNDS IN ACTIVE RHEUMATIC FEVER

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1949 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 603-612
Author(s):  
SIDNEY FRIEDMAN ◽  
T. N. HARRIS
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatic Fever ◽  
Cardiac Cycle ◽  
Heart Sound ◽  
Third Sound ◽  
The Third ◽  
Rapid Flow ◽  
Third Heart Sound ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Diastolic Murmur

Of 400 children under observation during active rheumatic fever, 115, or 29%, presented either an apical diastolic third sound or an early apical diastolic murmur. Of these, 54, or 49%, were found to have an apical diastolic third heart sound and an early diastolic apical murmur in some sequence. The rapid flow of blood from auricles to ventricles during the early diastolic period of the cardiac cycle is thought to be the primary factor responsible for both the third heart sound and the early diastolic murmur. Factors which tend to increase intra-auricular pressure, such as regurgitation at the mitral valve, favor rapid blood flow through the auriculo-ventricular valves and production of these sounds. The importance of the apical diastolic murmur as a sign of myocarditis per se is discussed.

scholarly journals Cytokines in the colon, central nervous system and serum of irritable bowel syndrome rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanqun Chao ◽  
Zhaojun Wang ◽  
Xinli Chen ◽  
Shuo Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Visceral Hypersensitivity ◽  
Immunohistochemical Method ◽  
Colonic Tissue ◽  
The Third ◽  
Conduction Pathway ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Tgf Β1

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to detect the expression of interleukin (IL)-1β and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 in the colonic tissue and serum of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) rats, as well as the distribution and expression of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in the spinal cord and brain of the visceral hypersensitivity rats, thus to ascertain the mechanism of visceral hypersensitivity signal conduction pathway. Methods The expression of IL-1β and TGF-β1 in the colonic tissue and serum of IBS rats was screened by the liquid chip technology and verified by RT-PCR technology. Then the quantitative analysis of CRF in the spinal cord and brain was achieved by the immunohistochemical method and computerized image system. Result The rat model with visceral hypersensitivity was successfully established. Among the screened indicators of IL-1β and TGF-β1 in colon tissue and serum, only the expression of IL-1β in the model group was up-regulated (P < 0.05). The immunohistochemical method showed that CRF was expressed in the spinal cord, hypothalamus, and the third ventricle. The positive index number of the model groups was higher than that of the control group (P < 0.01). Conclusion From the research, it can be inferred that IL-1β may participate in the pathogenesis mechanism of IBS via regulating the colon function. The increasing expression of CRF linked to stress in the spinal cord, hypothalamus and the third ventricle indicated that it might play an important role in the mechanisms of visceral hypersensitivity signal conduction pathway.

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