Sensory feedback control in speech: Neural circuits and individual differences

2016 ◽  
Vol 139 (4) ◽  
pp. 2191-2191
Author(s):  
Frank H. Guenther
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Feedback Control ◽  
Sensory Feedback ◽  
Neural Circuits

scholarly journals The emulation theory of representation: Motor control, imagery, and perception

2004 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rick Grush
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Sensory Feedback ◽  
Sensory Input ◽  
Neural Circuits ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
The Body ◽  
Feedback Delay ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Effects Of Feedback ◽  
The Brain

The emulation theory of representation is developed and explored as a framework that can revealingly synthesize a wide variety of representational functions of the brain. The framework is based on constructs from control theory (forward models) and signal processing (Kalman filters). The idea is that in addition to simply engaging with the body and environment, the brain constructs neural circuits that act as models of the body and environment. During overt sensorimotor engagement, these models are driven by efference copies in parallel with the body and environment, in order to provide expectations of the sensory feedback, and to enhance and process sensory information. These models can also be run off-line in order to produce imagery, estimate outcomes of different actions, and evaluate and develop motor plans. The framework is initially developed within the context of motor control, where it has been shown that inner models running in parallel with the body can reduce the effects of feedback delay problems. The same mechanisms can account for motor imagery as the off-line driving of the emulator via efference copies. The framework is extended to account for visual imagery as the off-line driving of an emulator of the motor-visual loop. I also show how such systems can provide for amodal spatial imagery. Perception, including visual perception, results from such models being used to form expectations of, and to interpret, sensory input. I close by briefly outlining other cognitive functions that might also be synthesized within this framework, including reasoning, theory of mind phenomena, and language.

scholarly journals The role of the genome in experience-dependent plasticity: Extending the analogy of the genomic action potential

2019 ◽  
Vol 117 (38) ◽  
pp. 23252-23260 ◽  
Author(s):  
David F. Clayton ◽  
Ina Anreiter ◽  
Maria Aristizabal ◽  
Paul W. Frankland ◽  
Elisabeth B. Binder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Action Potential ◽  
Neural Circuits ◽  
Early Gene ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Contemporary Work ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Dependent Modification ◽  
Past Experiences

Our past experiences shape our current and future behavior. These experiences must leave some enduring imprint on our brains, altering neural circuits that mediate behavior and contributing to our individual differences. As a framework for understanding how experiences might produce lasting changes in neural circuits, Clayton [D. F. Clayton,Neurobiol. Learn. Mem.74, 185–216 (2000)] introduced the concept of the genomic action potential (gAP)—a structured genomic response in the brain to acute experience. Similar to the familiar electrophysiological action potential (eAP), the gAP also provides a means for integrating afferent patterns of activity but on a slower timescale and with longer-lasting effects. We revisit this concept in light of contemporary work on experience-dependent modification of neural circuits. We review the “Immediate Early Gene” (IEG) response, the starting point for understanding the gAP. We discuss evidence for its involvement in the encoding of experience to long-term memory across time and biological levels of organization ranging from individual cells to cell ensembles and whole organisms. We explore distinctions between memory encoding and homeostatic functions and consider the potential for perpetuation of the imprint of experience through epigenetic mechanisms. We describe a specific example of a gAP in humans linked to individual differences in the response to stress. Finally, we identify key objectives and new tools for continuing research in this area.

scholarly journals Cerebellar patients have intact feedback control that can be leveraged to improve reaching

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda M. Zimmet ◽  
Amy J. Bastian ◽  
Noah J. Cowan
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Control ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Sensory Feedback ◽  
Control Process ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
Smith Predictor ◽  
Feedback Gain ◽  
Phase Lag ◽  
Predictive Role

ABSTRACTIt is thought that the brain does not simply react to sensory feedback, but rather uses an internal model of the body to predict the consequences of motor commands before sensory feedback arrives. Time-delayed sensory feedback can then be used to correct for the unexpected—perturbations, motor noise, or a moving target. The cerebellum has been implicated in this predictive control process. Here we show that the feedback gain in patients with cerebellar ataxia matches that of healthy subjects, but that patients exhibit substantially more phase lag. This difference is captured by a computational model incorporating a Smith predictor in healthy subjects that is missing in patients, supporting the predictive role of the cerebellum in feedback control. Lastly, we improve cerebellar patients’ movement control by altering (phase advancing) the visual feedback they receive from their own self movement in a simplified virtual reality setup.

scholarly journals Cerebellar patients have intact feedback control that can be leveraged to improve reaching

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda M Zimmet ◽  
Di Cao ◽  
Amy J Bastian ◽  
Noah J Cowan
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Control ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Sensory Feedback ◽  
Control Process ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
Smith Predictor ◽  
Feedback Gain ◽  
Phase Lag ◽  
Predictive Role

It is thought that the brain does not simply react to sensory feedback, but rather uses an internal model of the body to predict the consequences of motor commands before sensory feedback arrives. Time-delayed sensory feedback can then be used to correct for the unexpected—perturbations, motor noise, or a moving target. The cerebellum has been implicated in this predictive control process. Here, we show that the feedback gain in patients with cerebellar ataxia matches that of healthy subjects, but that patients exhibit substantially more phase lag. This difference is captured by a computational model incorporating a Smith predictor in healthy subjects that is missing in patients, supporting the predictive role of the cerebellum in feedback control. Lastly, we improve cerebellar patients’ movement control by altering (phase advancing) the visual feedback they receive from their own self movement in a simplified virtual reality setup.

scholarly journals Selective vulnerabilities and biomarkers in neurocognitive aging

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachariah Reagh ◽  
Michael Yassa
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Entorhinal Cortex ◽  
Neural Circuits ◽  
Aging Brain ◽  
Neurocognitive Aging ◽  
Inhibitory Signaling ◽  
Emerging Topics

As the world’s population continues to age, an understanding of the aging brain becomes increasingly crucial. This review focuses on several recent ideas and findings in the study of neurocognitive aging, specifically focusing on episodic memory, and discusses how they can be considered and used to guide us moving forward. Topics include dysfunction in neural circuits, the roles of neurogenesis and inhibitory signaling, vulnerability in the entorhinal cortex, individual differences, and comorbidities. These avenues of study provide a brief overview of promising themes in the field and together provide a snapshot of what we believe will be important emerging topics in selective vulnerabilities in the aging brain.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document