A challenge to Articulation Theory: Narrow-band acoustic signals and visual speech cues

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (4) ◽  
pp. 2280-2280
Author(s):  
Ken W. Grant
Keyword(s):  
Narrow Band ◽  
Acoustic Signals ◽  
Visual Speech ◽  
Articulation Theory ◽  
Speech Cues

Auditory and Auditory-Visual Perception of Clear and Conversational Speech

1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 432-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen S. Helfer
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cues ◽  
Presentation Mode ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Visual Speech ◽  
Conversational Speech ◽  
Clear Speech ◽  
Nature Of Information ◽  
Speech Cues ◽  
Visual Speech Information ◽  
Speech Information

Research has shown that speaking in a deliberately clear manner can improve the accuracy of auditory speech recognition. Allowing listeners access to visual speech cues also enhances speech understanding. Whether the nature of information provided by speaking clearly and by using visual speech cues is redundant has not been determined. This study examined how speaking mode (clear vs. conversational) and presentation mode (auditory vs. auditory-visual) influenced the perception of words within nonsense sentences. In Experiment 1, 30 young listeners with normal hearing responded to videotaped stimuli presented audiovisually in the presence of background noise at one of three signal-to-noise ratios. In Experiment 2, 9 participants returned for an additional assessment using auditory-only presentation. Results of these experiments showed significant effects of speaking mode (clear speech was easier to understand than was conversational speech) and presentation mode (auditoryvisual presentation led to better performance than did auditory-only presentation). The benefit of clear speech was greater for words occurring in the middle of sentences than for words at either the beginning or end of sentences for both auditory-only and auditory-visual presentation, whereas the greatest benefit from supplying visual cues was for words at the end of sentences spoken both clearly and conversationally. The total benefit from speaking clearly and supplying visual cues was equal to the sum of each of these effects. Overall, the results suggest that speaking clearly and providing visual speech information provide complementary (rather than redundant) information.

Relationships between acoustic reflex patterns elicited by unfiltered white noise and narrow band white noise stimuli of different duration but of the same intensity

1985 ◽  
Vol 99 (9) ◽  
pp. 857-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Rossi ◽  
Paolo Solero ◽  
M. Rolando
Keyword(s):  
White Noise ◽  
Narrow Band ◽  
Acoustic Signals ◽  
The Other ◽  
Acoustic Reflex ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Recruitment Time

AbstractFor the purpose of this study, acoustic signals were generated by an Amplaid MK VI. An Amplaid 702 impedence meter was connected to its averaging section and to its computer. The stimuli were bursts of unfiltered white noise (UWN) and of narrow band white noise (NBWN; 30 db./oct/slope; central frequencies 1,000, 2,000, 4,000 Hz.) lasting 3–1,000 msec, at intensity of 105 db. SPL p.e. The following parameters were evaluated: stapedius contraction latency, amplitude, duration and recruitment time. It was found that latency was independent of the spectrum of the stimulus and its duration. Amplitude and recruitment time, on the other hand, were related to spectrum and duration, while duration of contraction was directly related to the duration of the stimulus only.

Spectral Distribution of Prosodic Information

1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken W. Grant ◽  
Brian E. Walden
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Visual Speech ◽  
Prosodic Features ◽  
Temporal Properties ◽  
Prosodic Cues ◽  
Visual Speech Recognition ◽  
Speech Cues ◽  
Boundary Location ◽  
Speech Spectrum

Prosodic speech cues for rhythm, stress, and intonation are related primarily to variations in intensity, duration, and fundamental frequency. Because these cues make use of temporal properties of the speech waveform they are likely to be represented broadly across the speech spectrum. In order to determine the relative importance of different frequency regions for the recognition of Prosodic cues, identification of four Prosodic features, syllable number, syllabic stress, sentence intonation, and phrase boundary location, was evaluated under six filter conditions spanning the range from 200–6100 Hz. Each filter condition had equal articulation index (Al) weights, Al ½ 0.10; p(C) isolated words ≈ 0.40. Results obtained with normally hearing subjects showed that there was an interaction between filter condition and the identification of specific Prosodic features. For example, information from high-frequency regions of speech was particularly useful in the identification of syllable number and stress, whereas information from low-frequency regions was helpful in identifying intonation patterns. In spite of these spectral differences, overall listeners performed remarkably well in identifying Prosodic patterns, although individual differences were apparent. For some subjects, equivalent levels of performance across the six filter conditions were achieved. These results are discussed in relation to auditory and auditory-visual speech recognition.

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