Auditory feature detection for stimuli presented from different directions

2002 ◽  
Vol 111 (5) ◽  
pp. 2466
Author(s):  
Adelbert W. Bronkhorst ◽  
James T. Townsend
Keyword(s):  
Feature Detection ◽  
Auditory Feature

scholarly journals An auditory feature detection circuit for sound pattern recognition

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
pp. e1500325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Schöneich ◽  
Konstantinos Kostarakos ◽  
Berthold Hedwig
Keyword(s):  
Feature Detection ◽  
Mate Recognition ◽  
Delayed Response ◽  
Principal Mechanism ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Field Crickets ◽  
Temporal Features ◽  
Auditory Feature ◽  
Sound Pattern Recognition ◽  
Central Auditory Neurons

From human language to birdsong and the chirps of insects, acoustic communication is based on amplitude and frequency modulation of sound signals. Whereas frequency processing starts at the level of the hearing organs, temporal features of the sound amplitude such as rhythms or pulse rates require processing by central auditory neurons. Besides several theoretical concepts, brain circuits that detect temporal features of a sound signal are poorly understood. We focused on acoustically communicating field crickets and show how five neurons in the brain of females form an auditory feature detector circuit for the pulse pattern of the male calling song. The processing is based on a coincidence detector mechanism that selectively responds when a direct neural response and an intrinsically delayed response to the sound pulses coincide. This circuit provides the basis for auditory mate recognition in field crickets and reveals a principal mechanism of sensory processing underlying the perception of temporal patterns.

Noise-Robust Speech Recognition Through Auditory Feature Detection and Spike Sequence Decoding

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip B. Schafer ◽  
Dezhe Z. Jin
Keyword(s):  
Speech Recognition ◽  
Feature Detection ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Neural Population ◽  
Noise Robustness ◽  
Combined System ◽  
Spike Sequences ◽  
Auditory Feature ◽  
Noise Robust ◽  
Speech Recognizer

Speech recognition in noisy conditions is a major challenge for computer systems, but the human brain performs it routinely and accurately. Automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems that are inspired by neuroscience can potentially bridge the performance gap between humans and machines. We present a system for noise-robust isolated word recognition that works by decoding sequences of spikes from a population of simulated auditory feature-detecting neurons. Each neuron is trained to respond selectively to a brief spectrotemporal pattern, or feature, drawn from the simulated auditory nerve response to speech. The neural population conveys the time-dependent structure of a sound by its sequence of spikes. We compare two methods for decoding the spike sequences—one using a hidden Markov model–based recognizer, the other using a novel template-based recognition scheme. In the latter case, words are recognized by comparing their spike sequences to template sequences obtained from clean training data, using a similarity measure based on the length of the longest common sub-sequence. Using isolated spoken digits from the AURORA-2 database, we show that our combined system outperforms a state-of-the-art robust speech recognizer at low signal-to-noise ratios. Both the spike-based encoding scheme and the template-based decoding offer gains in noise robustness over traditional speech recognition methods. Our system highlights potential advantages of spike-based acoustic coding and provides a biologically motivated framework for robust ASR development.

Feature Detection Requires Spatial Attention

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Theeuwes ◽  
Erik van der Burg ◽  
Artem V. Belopolsky
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Feature Detection

ON METHODS OF OBJECT DETECTION IN VIDEO STREAMS

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-87
Author(s):  
Puyda V. ◽  
◽  
Stoian. A.
Keyword(s):  
Computer Vision ◽  
Object Detection ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Feature Detection ◽  
Video Stream ◽  
Object Identification ◽  
Vision Systems ◽  
Modern Computer ◽  
Computer Vision Systems ◽  
Open Source Hardware

Detecting objects in a video stream is a typical problem in modern computer vision systems that are used in multiple areas. Object detection can be done on both static images and on frames of a video stream. Essentially, object detection means finding color and intensity non-uniformities which can be treated as physical objects. Beside that, the operations of finding coordinates, size and other characteristics of these non-uniformities that can be used to solve other computer vision related problems like object identification can be executed. In this paper, we study three algorithms which can be used to detect objects of different nature and are based on different approaches: detection of color non-uniformities, frame difference and feature detection. As the input data, we use a video stream which is obtained from a video camera or from an mp4 video file. Simulations and testing of the algoritms were done on a universal computer based on an open-source hardware, built on the Broadcom BCM2711, quad-core Cortex-A72 (ARM v8) 64-bit SoC processor with frequency 1,5GHz. The software was created in Visual Studio 2019 using OpenCV 4 on Windows 10 and on a universal computer operated under Linux (Raspbian Buster OS) for an open-source hardware. In the paper, the methods under consideration are compared. The results of the paper can be used in research and development of modern computer vision systems used for different purposes. Keywords: object detection, feature points, keypoints, ORB detector, computer vision, motion detection, HSV model color

Recognition of Birds in Blurred and Illumination Images by Local Features

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 243
Author(s):  
Suresha .M ◽  
. Sandeep
Keyword(s):  
Computer Vision ◽  
Time Complexity ◽  
Feature Detection ◽  
Feature Matching ◽  
Fast Algorithms ◽  
Local Features ◽  
Experimental Demonstration ◽  
Harris Corner ◽  
Blurred Image ◽  
Blurred Images

Local features are of great importance in computer vision. It performs feature detection and feature matching are two important tasks. In this paper concentrates on the problem of recognition of birds using local features. Investigation summarizes the local features SURF, FAST and HARRIS against blurred and illumination images. FAST and Harris corner algorithm have given less accuracy for blurred images. The SURF algorithm gives best result for blurred image because its identify strongest local features and time complexity is less and experimental demonstration shows that SURF algorithm is robust for blurred images and the FAST algorithms is suitable for images with illumination.

Do Sequential Lineups Impair Discriminability?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Philip Kaesler ◽  
John C Dunn ◽  
Keith Ransom ◽  
Carolyn Semmler
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Feature Detection ◽  
Eyewitness Memory ◽  
Simultaneous Presentation ◽  
Diagnostic Feature ◽  
Sequential Presentation ◽  
Sequential Lineups ◽  
Measurement Models ◽  
Sequential Lineup ◽  
Lineup Procedures

The debate regarding the best way to test and measure eyewitness memory has dominated the eyewitness literature for more than thirty years. We argue that to resolve this debate requires the development and application of appropriate measurement models. In this study we develop models of simultaneous and sequential lineup presentations and use these to compare the procedures in terms of discriminability and response bias. We tested a key prediction of the diagnostic feature detection hypothesis that discriminability should be greater for simultaneous than sequential lineups. We fit the models to the corpus of studies originally described by Palmer and Brewer (2012, Law and Human Behavior, 36(3), 247-255) and to data from a new experiment. The results of both investigations showed that discriminability did not differ between the two procedures, while responses were more conservative for sequential presentation compared to simultaneous presentation. We conclude that the two procedures do not differ in the efficiency with which they allow eyewitness memory to be expressed. We discuss the implications of this for the diagnostic feature detection hypothesis and other sequential lineup procedures used in current jurisdictions.

A computer vision approach to identifying the manufacturer and model of anterior cervical spinal hardware

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 844-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin T. Huang ◽  
Michael A. Silva ◽  
Alfred P. See ◽  
Kyle C. Wu ◽  
Troy Gallerani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Vision ◽  
Feature Detection ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Visual Words ◽  
Fusion Systems ◽  
Kaze Feature ◽  
Applications Of Machine Learning ◽  
Cervical Plating

OBJECTIVERecent advances in computer vision have revolutionized many aspects of society but have yet to find significant penetrance in neurosurgery. One proposed use for this technology is to aid in the identification of implanted spinal hardware. In revision operations, knowing the manufacturer and model of previously implanted fusion systems upfront can facilitate a faster and safer procedure, but this information is frequently unavailable or incomplete. The authors present one approach for the automated, high-accuracy classification of anterior cervical hardware fusion systems using computer vision.METHODSPatient records were searched for those who underwent anterior-posterior (AP) cervical radiography following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) at the authors’ institution over a 10-year period (2008–2018). These images were then cropped and windowed to include just the cervical plating system. Images were then labeled with the appropriate manufacturer and system according to the operative record. A computer vision classifier was then constructed using the bag-of-visual-words technique and KAZE feature detection. Accuracy and validity were tested using an 80%/20% training/testing pseudorandom split over 100 iterations.RESULTSA total of 321 total images were isolated containing 9 different ACDF systems from 5 different companies. The correct system was identified as the top choice in 91.5% ± 3.8% of the cases and one of the top 2 or 3 choices in 97.1% ± 2.0% and 98.4 ± 13% of the cases, respectively. Performance persisted despite the inclusion of variable sizes of hardware (i.e., 1-level, 2-level, and 3-level plates). Stratification by the size of hardware did not improve performance.CONCLUSIONSA computer vision algorithm was trained to classify at least 9 different types of anterior cervical fusion systems using relatively sparse data sets and was demonstrated to perform with high accuracy. This represents one of many potential clinical applications of machine learning and computer vision in neurosurgical practice.

Perception

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Z. Leibo ◽  
Tomaso Poggio
Keyword(s):  
Computational Neuroscience ◽  
Feature Detection ◽  
Pedestrian Detection ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
Feature Detectors ◽  
Recognition Systems ◽  
Engineered Systems ◽  
Perceptual Systems ◽  
The Brain

This chapter provides an overview of biological perceptual systems and their underlying computational principles focusing on the sensory sheets of the retina and cochlea and exploring how complex feature detection emerges by combining simple feature detectors in a hierarchical fashion. We also explore how the microcircuits of the neocortex implement such schemes pointing out similarities to progress in the field of machine vision driven deep learning algorithms. We see signs that engineered systems are catching up with the brain. For example, vision-based pedestrian detection systems are now accurate enough to be installed as safety devices in (for now) human-driven vehicles and the speech recognition systems embedded in smartphones have become increasingly impressive. While not being entirely biologically based, we note that computational neuroscience, as described in this chapter, makes up a considerable portion of such systems’ intellectual pedigree.

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