The role of familiarity, semantic context, and amplitude‐modulation on sentence intelligibility

2006 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. 3249-3250
Author(s):  
Tom Carrell ◽  
Dawna Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Amplitude Modulation ◽  
Semantic Context ◽  
Sentence Intelligibility

Gated Word Recognition by Postlingually Deafened Adults With Cochlear Implants: Influence of Semantic Context

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chhayakanta Patro ◽  
Lisa Lucks Mendel
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Word Processing ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Spectral Composition ◽  
Semantic Context ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Spoken Words ◽  
Vocoded Speech

PurposeThe main goal of this study was to investigate the minimum amount of sensory information required to recognize spoken words (isolation points [IPs]) in listeners with cochlear implants (CIs) and investigate facilitative effects of semantic contexts on the IPs.MethodListeners with CIs as well as those with normal hearing (NH) participated in the study. In Experiment 1, the CI users listened to unprocessed (full-spectrum) stimuli and individuals with NH listened to full-spectrum or vocoder processed speech. IPs were determined for both groups who listened to gated consonant-nucleus-consonant words that were selected based on lexical properties. In Experiment 2, the role of semantic context on IPs was evaluated. Target stimuli were chosen from the Revised Speech Perception in Noise corpus based on the lexical properties of the final words.ResultsThe results indicated that spectrotemporal degradations impacted IPs for gated words adversely, and CI users as well as participants with NH listening to vocoded speech had longer IPs than participants with NH who listened to full-spectrum speech. In addition, there was a clear disadvantage due to lack of semantic context in all groups regardless of the spectral composition of the target speech (full spectrum or vocoded). Finally, we showed that CI users (and users with NH with vocoded speech) can overcome such word processing difficulties with the help of semantic context and perform as well as listeners with NH.ConclusionWord recognition occurs even before the entire word is heard because listeners with NH associate an acoustic input with its mental representation to understand speech. The results of this study provide insight into the role of spectral degradation on the processing of spoken words in isolation and the potential benefits of semantic context. These results may also explain why CI users rely substantially on semantic context.

The Role of Semantic Context and Memory in the Acquisition of Novel Nouns

2008 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 1330-1344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith C. Goodman ◽  
Laraine McDonough ◽  
Natasha B. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Context

scholarly journals Chapter 2. Eye-tracking research of reading mechanisms: processing of letters, words, sen- tences and texts

2018 ◽  
pp. 45-127
Keyword(s):  
Text Processing ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Semantic Context ◽  
Text Type ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Ambiguous Words ◽  
Ambiguity Advantage ◽  
Referential Ambiguity ◽  
Font Type

In Сhapter 2 we describe how verbal information is processed at different linguistic levels, from recognizing single letters to reading and comprehension of coherent texts. We present the results of several experimental studies on reading in Russian which has specific features like Cyrillic script, rich morphology and flexible word order. First, we show some features of Cyrillic letters recognition of different font types in the experiment with invisible boundary. Our results reveal that the font type affects the recognition of crowed letters (letters in Courier New were harder to identify than the ones in Georgia), while recognition efficiency of isolat- ed letters remains at the same level. Since crowded letters imitate real reading, we claim that Georgia is more readable font than Courier New. Second, we describe the lexical, syntactic and referential ambiguity processing emphasizing the role of semantic context. Thus, we show that the processing of ambiguous words does not depend on the type of their meaning (literal or non-literal) …, and the referential ambiguity advantage effect. Third, we compare the process- ing of literal and non-literal expressions in Russian. We try to tease apart different approaches to idioms as well as to give a better explanation of what units may be stored in the mental lex- icon and how syntactic processing may proceed. Finally, we demonstrate the influence of the text type, functional style and reading skills on text processing. We show that the text type is among the readability categories and it influences the effect of reading perspective: eye-track- ing parameters of reading a static text (descriptive sentences) and a dynamic text (sequence of events following swiftly on one another) differ a lot.

scholarly journals Resolving competing theories for control of the jamming avoidance response: the role of amplitude modulations in electric organ discharge decelerations

1999 ◽  
Vol 202 (10) ◽  
pp. 1377-1386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Takizawa ◽  
G.J. Rose ◽  
M. Kawasaki
Keyword(s):  
Avoidance Response ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Phase Difference ◽  
Amplitude Modulation ◽  
Electric Organ Discharge ◽  
Modulation Depth ◽  
Electric Organ ◽  
Jamming Avoidance Response ◽  
Jamming Avoidance

The algorithm for the control of the jamming avoidance response (JAR) of Eigenmannia has been the subject of debate for over two decades. Two competing theories have been proposed to explain how fish determine the correct direction to shift their pacemaker frequency during jamming. One theory emphasizes the role of time-asymmetric beat envelopes, while the other emphasizes the role of amplitude- and phase-difference computations that arise from the differences in spatial geometry of the electric fields of neighboring fish. In repeating earlier experiments, we found that the decision to raise or lower the pacemaker frequency reliably above or below its resting level depends on the latter process, and that frequency deceleration responses to amplitude modulation appear to be sufficient to explain previous experimental results on which the former theory is based. Specifically, fish of the genus Eigenmannia show differential deceleration responses to asymmetric beat envelopes. The deceleration responses do not require phase modulation and show a sensitivity for amplitude modulation depth and selectivity for amplitude modulation rate comparable with that of JARs that are elicited when amplitude- and phase-difference information is available.

Locating two sound sources: The role of amplitude modulation and spectral content.

2011 ◽  
Vol 129 (4) ◽  
pp. 2488-2488
Author(s):  
Willim A. Yost ◽  
Christopher Brown ◽  
Farris Walling
Keyword(s):  
Amplitude Modulation ◽  
Sound Sources ◽  
Spectral Content

ՏՈՆԸ ԱՌԱԾԱՅԻՆ ԼԵԶՎՈՒՄ

2021 ◽  
pp. 247-254
Author(s):  
Gohar Stepanyan
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Semantic Context ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
The Real ◽  
Time Calculation ◽  
Real Medium ◽  
Seasonal Climatic Changes

In the Collection of Armenian proverbs by Aram Ghanalanyan the proverbs in which the Armenian traditional holidays are mentioned constitute a certain number. We suggest uniting in two groups the proverbs, which have holiday references, diffused in different thematic sections and chapters, as well as in the appendices of the collection of proverbs. These two groups include: sayingsproverbs, which are based on a) interrelation of the time and holiday, and b) one or another attribute of the holidays. In a part of sayings-proverbs, referring to time, the question is directly about the time in the semantic context, according to which everything has its time. In case of other proverbs, the question refers to the seasonal-climatic changes of the time. The latter are based on the folk ecological knowledge, preserved in the feast tradition. In this group of proverbs the holidays play a role of the real medium of time calculation. The following series of proverbs present primary associations, connected to the feast, specific descriptors of the holidays, which are, as a rule, more connected to their external, secular, rather than deep mythological aspect.

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