Mothers exaggerated acoustic‐phonetic characteristics in infant‐directed speech are highly correlated with infant’s speech discrimination skills in the first year of life

2002 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. 2251-2251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hue‐Mei Liu ◽  
Patricia K. Kuhl ◽  
Feng‐Ming Tsao
Keyword(s):  
First Year ◽  
Speech Discrimination ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
First Year Of Life

scholarly journals Not a one-way road – severity, progression and prevention of firework fears in dogs

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie Riemer
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
First Year ◽  
Mixed Breed ◽  
Breed Group ◽  
Welfare Problem ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
First Year Of Life

AbstractNoise fears represent a highly prevalent welfare problem in dogs. An online survey was performed to explore severity and progression of firework fears in dogs, and relationships with demographics, health, behaviour problems, and owners’ training efforts to prevent or alleviate firework fears. 1225 responses were analysed. Fifty-two percent of dogs were at least partially affected by firework fears, and the great majority developed a fear of fireworks in the first year of life, with a decreasing frequency of new occurrences up until seven years, and only few newly affected dogs beyond this age. While almost three quarters of fearful dogs had recovered by the next morning, recovery took up to one day in 10%, up to one week in 12%, and several weeks or even months in >3%. Univariate analyses indicated a significant effect of breed group, age, sex, neuter status, origin and age at acquisition on severity of firework fears in dogs. However, binomial models including multiple predictors of presence/ absence of firework fears identified only age, breed group (mixed breeds being most affected), health problems, and an interaction between health problems and age as significant predictors. This discrepancy might be explained by collinearities of predictors and underlying differences between mixed-breed dogs and purebreds, such as mixed breeds being acquired from shelters more often, being adopted at higher ages, and being neutered more often. Firework fears are highly correlated with fears of gunshots and thunder, and to a low extent with fears of other noises, but not with any other behavioural problems. Both improvement and deterioration of firework fears were frequently reported. While an early age of onset and breed differences point to a strong genetic contribution to firework fears, training puppies or non-fearful adults to associate the noise with positive stimuli is highly effective in preventing later development of firework fears.

120 ANTRAL FOLLICLE COUNT OF 2-YEAR-OLD MARES IS HIGHLY CORRELATED WITH ANTI-MÜLLERIAN HORMONE CONCENTRATIONS AT 24 to 28 WEEKS OF AGE

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 168 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Scarlet ◽  
J. Kuhl ◽  
M. Wulf ◽  
N. Ille ◽  
C. Aurich
Keyword(s):  
Antral Follicle ◽  
Antral Follicle Count ◽  
Transrectal Ultrasonography ◽  
First Year ◽  
Gestational Length ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Reproductive Techniques ◽  
Follicular Reserve ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
First Year Of Life

Success of assisted reproductive techniques, as determined by the response to hormonal treatments and embryo quality, can successfully be predicted by the concentration of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) in plasma of several species. Being able to predict ovarian follicular reserve of prepubertal female horses (fillies) would help to select fertile broodmares and reduce costs associated with animal upkeep. The objectives of this work were to (1) assess AMH dynamics in female horses during the first year of life and (2) determine whether AMH concentrations detected in plasma of prepubertal fillies are correlated with AMH concentrations and antral follicle count (AFC) after puberty. Warmblood fillies (n = 14) born from February to May of 1 year in the same stud were used. Blood samples for AMH determinations were collected from birth onward every 4 weeks up to the age of 1 year. At 2 years, blood samples were collected and AFC was determined by transrectal ultrasonography. The AMH concentrations were determined by ELISA (AL-115, Ansh Laboratories, Webster, TX, USA). Transrectal ultrasonography was used to determine the AFC, which corresponds to the total number of antral follicles detected with ultrasound. Statistical analysis was done with the SPSS Statistics 24 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). The AMH was detectable in the plasma of all animals from birth onward. At birth, mean AMH concentration was 4.5 ± 1.2 ng mL−1. The AMH concentration increased and peaked between 24 weeks (8.7 ± 4.4 ng mL−1) and 28 weeks (6.7 ± 2.1 ng mL−1) and subsequently decreased again (52 weeks: 3.9 ± 0.9 ng mL−1). Very high variation among individuals during the first year was lost at 2 years of age. The AMH concentration at 2 years was highly correlated with AMH concentration at birth (r = 0.62, P < 0.05) and with AFC (r = 0.78, P < 0.001). Also, AMH concentration (r = 0.73, P < 0.01) and AFC (r = 0.6, P < 0.05) at 2 years were highly correlated with AMH concentrations at 24 and 28 weeks. Gestational length (337 ± 1 days), parity of the dam (4.6 ± 0.8), and placental weight (6983 ± 352 g) did not influence AMH concentrations at any time. Our results demonstrate that AMH is detectable in blood of female horses from birth onward. Despite its high variability between individuals up to 52 weeks, strong correlations were observed during the first 2 years of life. High correlations to AFC at 2 years suggest that determination of AMH in prepubertal female horses helps to predict the ovarian reserve and fertility in postpubertal life.

Interactions among adult demography, spawning date, growth rate, predation, overwinter mortality, and the recruitment of largemouth bass in a northern lake

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (12) ◽  
pp. 2588-2600 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M Post ◽  
James F Kitchell ◽  
James R Hodgson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Largemouth Bass ◽  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
First Year ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Selective Predation ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Overwinter Mortality ◽  
First Year Of Life

Using 12 years of data, we evaluated the mechanisms controlling largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides, recruitment in a lake near the northern extent of the largemouth bass range. We found that complex interactions among adult demographics, size-selective predation, and overwinter mortality regulate the number of largemouth bass surviving the first year of life. The largest recruitment events required at least a moderate number of adults, but a large number of adults was not sufficient to produce a large cohort of largemouth bass. Predation was controlled by the number of both adult and juvenile bass and was not strongly correlated with reproductive output. Overwinter mortality was size dependent, strongly affecting bass entering the winter at <50-60 mm in length, and likely the result of starvation. Predation and overwinter mortality interacted with spawning date and growth rate to produce variable but predictable patterns of first year survival. At high adult and juvenile densities, predation regulates first year survival. At low adult and juvenile densities, first year survival was regulated by adult demographics and interactions among spawning date, growth rates, and overwinter mortality. Although we can forecast coarse patterns of cohort survival, the survival of individual fish was more difficult to predict because length and age were not highly correlated.

Ocular Sequelae in Premature Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 787-790
Author(s):  
Jacqueline M. Page ◽  
Suzan Schneeweiss ◽  
Hilary E. A. Whyte ◽  
Patricia Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Premature Infants ◽  
Intraventricular Hemorrhage ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
First Year ◽  
Ocular Motility ◽  
Eye Examination ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
First Year Of Life

Objective. The authors report on the incidence of myopia and strabismus at 12 and 24 months postterm in a cohort of 190 premature infants with birth weights of less than 1251 g born in 1986 and 1987. Methods. The neonatal and follow-up eye charts of a cohort of 190 premature infants were retrospectively reviewed. All 138 children who survived the neonatal period had at least one eye examination between day 28 and 42 of life that documented the presence and staging of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) according to the International Classification of ROP. No infants received cryotherapy. Eye examinations conducted at 12 and 24 months postterm included assessment of vision, fundus, ocular motility, anterior segment abnormality, and refractive error. Eyes were refracted using cycloplegic retinoscopy. Strabismus was detected using the Hirschberg and cover tests. Eye reports were available for 80% (n = 110) at 12 months and 36% (n = 50) at 24 months. Results. Fifty-three percent of the cohort exhibited ROP in the neonatal period; 12% of these progressed to stage 3 or 4 ROP. Myopia was observed in 16% (18/110) of the cohort at 12 months of age; 4.5% (5/110) measured more than 4.0 diopters of myopia. Children with birth weights of less than 751 g were 3.2 times more likely than those with birth weights between 751 and 1000 g and 10 times more likely than those with birth weights between 1001 and 1250 g to develop myopia in the first year of life. The likelihood of myopia at 12 months doubled with each increment in ROP stage. Of the 50 children reexamined at 24 months postterm, more than 80% demonstrated deteriorating vision. The incidence of myopia increased to 38% (19/50) overall, with 24% (12/50) of the cohort showing severe myopia. Astigmatism and anisometropia were highly correlated with severe myopia. Strabismus was seen with increasing frequency through the second year of life. All children with grade III or IV intraventricular hemorrhage in the neonatal period developed esotropia. Conclusion. This study emphasizes the significant roles of low birth weight, ROP, and intraventricular hemorrhage in the development of myopia and strabismus. Follow-up to 2 years of life is recommended given the demonstrated deterioration our cohort.

The Development of Swallowing Respiratory Coordination

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Maggie-Lee Huckabee
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Activation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Nasal Airflow ◽  
Single Session ◽  
Primary Finding ◽  
Patterns Of Behavior ◽  
Cortical Modulation ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Swallowing Apnea

Abstract Research exists that evaluates the mechanics of swallowing respiratory coordination in healthy children and adults as well and individuals with swallowing impairment. The research program summarized in this article represents a systematic examination of swallowing respiratory coordination across the lifespan as a means of behaviorally investigating mechanisms of cortical modulation. Using time-locked recordings of submental surface electromyography, nasal airflow, and thyroid acoustics, three conditions of swallowing were evaluated in 20 adults in a single session and 10 infants in 10 sessions across the first year of life. The three swallowing conditions were selected to represent a continuum of volitional through nonvolitional swallowing control on the basis of a decreasing level of cortical activation. Our primary finding is that, across the lifespan, brainstem control strongly dictates the duration of swallowing apnea and is heavily involved in organizing the integration of swallowing and respiration, even in very early infancy. However, there is evidence that cortical modulation increases across the first 12 months of life to approximate more adult-like patterns of behavior. This modulation influences primarily conditions of volitional swallowing; sleep and naïve swallows appear to not be easily adapted by cortical regulation. Thus, it is attention, not arousal that engages cortical mechanisms.

Gastric electrical activity in normal neonates during the first year of life. Effect of lactation with breast milk and formula

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A209-A209
Author(s):  
G RIEZZO ◽  
R CASTELLANA ◽  
T DEBELLIS ◽  
F LAFORGIA ◽  
F INDRIO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
First Year ◽  
Gastric Electrical Activity ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Normal Neonates

Predictors of family discipline strategies with babies in their first year of life

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Lawrence ◽  
Andrew Gray ◽  
Rachael Taylor ◽  
Barry Taylor
Keyword(s):  
First Year ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Family Discipline
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