Individual differences in external-ear transfer functions reduced by scaling in frequency

1999 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 1480-1492 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Middlebrooks
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
External Ear

Modeling individual differences in ferret external ear transfer functions

2003 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 2021-2030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan W. H. Schnupp ◽  
John Booth ◽  
Andrew J. King
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
External Ear

Explaining individual differences in head‐related transfer functions

1999 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 1036-1036
Author(s):  
Frederic L. Wightman ◽  
Doris J. Kistler
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Transfer Functions

INFLUENCE OF THE AUDITORY SYSTEM ON PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION IN THE EAR CANAL

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (02) ◽  
pp. 1850021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. GARCIA-GONZALEZ ◽  
C. CASTRO-EGLER ◽  
A. GONZALEZ-HERRERA
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Tympanic Membrane ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Ossicular Chain ◽  
External Ear ◽  
Tympanic Cavity ◽  
Ear Canal ◽  
Measuring Point ◽  
External Ear Canal

The pressure gain distribution along the ear canal is strongly dependent on boundary conditions, and, in normal conditions, the ear canal produces a 0–20-dB pressure gain close to the tympanic membrane in the 0.1–20[Formula: see text]kHz range. Additionally, the pressure gain distribution along the ear canal at high frequencies (over the second resonance of the ear canal at 8–9[Formula: see text]kHz) depends strongly on axis position; therefore, the middle ear transfer functions based on ear canal pressure are also strongly dependent on the measuring point. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the mechanical influence of the tympanic cavity, ossicular chain and tympanic membrane connections on the pressure in the ear canal in the frequency range of 0.1–20[Formula: see text]kHz when a pressure source is applied to the ear canal entrance. Methods: We have developed numerical simulations for seven different models using the finite element method (FEM). Starting with an external ear canal finite element model, additional elements are coupled or removed to evaluate their contributions. We modeled and simulated the tympanic membrane, ossicular chain, tympanic cavity and a simplified cochlea in seven different combinations. Results: The pressure distribution along the external ear canal is obtained and represented in the 0.1–20[Formula: see text]kHz range for the seven model configurations.

The challenge of accounting for individual differences in folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin C. Ruisch ◽  
Rajen A. Anderson ◽  
David A. Pizarro
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Political Ideologies ◽  
Economic Beliefs ◽  
Existing Data

AbstractWe argue that existing data on folk-economic beliefs (FEBs) present challenges to Boyer & Petersen's model. Specifically, the widespread individual variation in endorsement of FEBs casts doubt on the claim that humans are evolutionarily predisposed towards particular economic beliefs. Additionally, the authors' model cannot account for the systematic covariance between certain FEBs, such as those observed in distinct political ideologies.

Individual differences, social attention, and the history of the social motivation hypotheses of autism

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter C. Mundy
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Emotional Development ◽  
Social Motivation ◽  
Social Attention ◽  
Social Emotional Development ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Precise Understanding ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

Abstract The stereotype of people with autism as unresponsive or uninterested in other people was prominent in the 1980s. However, this view of autism has steadily given way to recognition of important individual differences in the social-emotional development of affected people and a more precise understanding of the possible role social motivation has in their early development.

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