Localization of distracted sound sources: Determining the role of binaural cues using unilaterally attenuated and interaurally uncorrelated signals

1999 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 1151-1151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Braasch ◽  
Klaus Hartung
Keyword(s):  
Sound Sources ◽  
Binaural Cues

scholarly journals Psychophysical evidence for auditory motion parallax

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (16) ◽  
pp. 4264-4269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daria Genzel ◽  
Michael Schutte ◽  
W. Owen Brimijoin ◽  
Paul R. MacNeilage ◽  
Lutz Wiegrebe
Keyword(s):  
Motion Parallax ◽  
Relative Depth ◽  
Auditory Motion ◽  
Motion Platform ◽  
Sound Sources ◽  
Binaural Cues ◽  
Binaural Processing ◽  
Perceptual Strategy ◽  
Observer Motion ◽  
Self Motion

Distance is important: From an ecological perspective, knowledge about the distance to either prey or predator is vital. However, the distance of an unknown sound source is particularly difficult to assess, especially in anechoic environments. In vision, changes in perspective resulting from observer motion produce a reliable, consistent, and unambiguous impression of depth known as motion parallax. Here we demonstrate with formal psychophysics that humans can exploit auditory motion parallax, i.e., the change in the dynamic binaural cues elicited by self-motion, to assess the relative depths of two sound sources. Our data show that sensitivity to relative depth is best when subjects move actively; performance deteriorates when subjects are moved by a motion platform or when the sound sources themselves move. This is true even though the dynamic binaural cues elicited by these three types of motion are identical. Our data demonstrate a perceptual strategy to segregate intermittent sound sources in depth and highlight the tight interaction between self-motion and binaural processing that allows assessment of the spatial layout of complex acoustic scenes.

scholarly journals The Historical Soundscape Analysis of Fatahillah Square, Jakarta

Acoustics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 847-867
Author(s):  
Michael Isnaeni Djimantoro ◽  
Widjaja Martokusumo ◽  
Heru W. Poerbo ◽  
R. Joko Sarwono
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Sound Sources ◽  
The Past ◽  
Holistic Understanding ◽  
Sonic Environment ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Understanding conceptions of the protection of cultural heritage continues to develop until now. Presently, urban historic places are not only comprehended as tangible but also include intangible dimensions. However, the conservation of cultural heritage dominantly still emphasises the visual sense more than any other senses. Thus, this paper addressed several questions on the role of human senses, the historic sonic environments, and the soundmarks of the past in examining a historical area. This paper aims to reveal the relation between sound sources and its predicted sonic environment in historic places over the time. The case study was Fatahillah Square, Jakarta, which has been documented from the 19th century until now. Some methods were carried out such as soundwalk, recalled in memory, and visual analysis. The results show that comprehensive study of multisensorial stimulus can increase a holistic understanding of historic places. Therefore, the protection of historic sites cannot only focus on the object per se, but also it must be considered to be a holistic entity. This research highlights new perspectives in analysing historical areas using combination of pictorial sources and sonic information.

scholarly journals The Role of Reverberation and Magnitude Spectra of Direct Parts in Contralateral and Ipsilateral Ear Signals on Perceived Externalization

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Li ◽  
Roman Schlieper ◽  
Jürgen Peissig
Keyword(s):  
Speech Signal ◽  
Impulse Responses ◽  
Sound Sources ◽  
Reverberant Environments ◽  
Contralateral Ear ◽  
Listening Experiment ◽  
Binaural Sound

Several studies show that the reverberation and spectral details in direct sounds are two essential cues for perceived externalization of virtual sound sources in reverberant environments. The present study investigated the role of these two cues in contralateral and ipsilateral ear signals on perceived externalization of headphone-reproduced binaural sound images at different azimuth angles. For this purpose, seven pairs of non-individual binaural room impulse responses (BRIRs) were measured at azimuth angles of −90°, −60°, −30°, 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90° in a listening room. The magnitude spectra of direct parts were smoothed, and the reverberation was removed, either in left or right ear BRIRs. Such modified BRIRs were convolved with a speech signal, and the resulting binaural sounds were presented over headphones. Subjects were asked to assess the degree of perceived externalization for the presented stimuli. The result of the subjective listening experiment revealed that the magnitude spectra of direct parts in ipsilateral ear signals and the reverberation in contralateral ear signals are important for perceived externalization of virtual lateral sound sources.

scholarly journals On the influence of non-individual binaural cues and the impact of level normalization on auditory distance estimation of nearby sound sources

Acta Acustica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Johannes M. Arend ◽  
Heinrich R. Liesefeld ◽  
Christoph Pörschmann
Keyword(s):  
Distance Estimation ◽  
Relative Distance ◽  
Comparison Task ◽  
Sound Sources ◽  
Binaural Cues ◽  
Auditory Distance ◽  
Normalization Methods ◽  
Forced Choice Task ◽  
Interaural Level Differences ◽  
The Impact

Nearby sound sources provide distinct binaural cues, mainly in the form of interaural level differences, which vary with respect to distance and azimuth. However, there is a long-standing controversy regarding whether humans can actually utilize binaural cues for distance estimation of nearby sources. Therefore, we conducted three experiments using non-individual binaural synthesis. In Experiment 1, subjects had to estimate the relative distance of loudness-normalized and non-normalized nearby sources in static and dynamic binaural rendering in a multi-stimulus comparison task under anechoic conditions. Loudness normalization was used as a plausible method to compensate for noticeable intensity differences between stimuli. With the employed loudness normalization, nominal distance did not significantly affect distance ratings for most conditions despite the presence of non-individual binaural distance cues. In Experiment 2, subjects had to judge the relative distance between loudness-normalized sources in dynamic binaural rendering in a forced-choice task. Below chance performance in this more sensitive task revealed that the employed loudness normalization strongly affected distance estimation. As this finding indicated a general issue with loudness normalization for studies on relative distance estimation, Experiment 3 directly tested the validity of loudness normalization and a frequently used amplitude normalization. Results showed that both normalization methods lead to remaining (incorrect) intensity cues, which subjects most likely used for relative distance estimation. The experiments revealed that both examined normalization methods have consequential drawbacks. These drawbacks might in parts explain conflicting findings regarding the effectiveness of binaural cues for relative distance estimation in the literature.

Locating two sound sources: The role of amplitude modulation and spectral content.

2011 ◽  
Vol 129 (4) ◽  
pp. 2488-2488
Author(s):  
Willim A. Yost ◽  
Christopher Brown ◽  
Farris Walling
Keyword(s):  
Amplitude Modulation ◽  
Sound Sources ◽  
Spectral Content

The object of perception in impacted sound sources: The role of perceptual accessibility and information accuracy

2007 ◽  
Vol 121 (5) ◽  
pp. 3166-3166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno L. Giordano ◽  
Stephen McAdams ◽  
Davide Rocchesso
Keyword(s):  
Sound Sources

Jazz Drums

2019 ◽  
pp. 219-230
Author(s):  
Gregory Evans
Keyword(s):  
Music Educators ◽  
Drum Set ◽  
Sound Sources

It is no secret that music educators are faced with unique challenges when engaging young musicians who play drum sets. Many educators aren’t drummers themselves, which can create fear and uncertainty and ultimately lead them to avoid, rather than embrace, the wonderful and exciting world of jazz percussion. This chapter provides conceptual and technical approaches to understanding the role each component of the drum set contributes to the ensemble, as well as the role of the drum set in its entirety. It also touches on how dynamics can change the function and style of a groove as well as creative ways to encourage students to move beyond pattern playing. In particular, discussion and examples are provided regarding setup, sound sources, keeping time, functioning within the rhythm section, transitioning from timekeeping to improvising, and various rhythms and grooves.

The Role of Mechanical Reproduction in (What Was Formerly Known as) the Record in the Age of Personal Fabrication

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 65-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiro Jo
Keyword(s):  
Production Technique ◽  
Sound Sources ◽  
Mechanical Reproduction ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Recent Project ◽  
A Performance

The author examines the role of mechanical reproduction in (what was formerly known as) analog records in the age of personal fabrication with an example from his recent project cutting record. He investigates the creation of records without inputting sound sources by utilizing a production technique and a variety of materials, in conjunction with a discussion of a performance and workshop extracted from the project.

scholarly journals The role of envelope shape in the localization of multiple sound sources and echoes in the barn owl

2013 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 924-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin S. Baxter ◽  
Brian S. Nelson ◽  
Terry T. Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Sound Localization ◽  
Precedence Effect ◽  
Tyto Alba ◽  
Topographic Map ◽  
Sound Sources ◽  
Auditory Space ◽  
Amplitude Spectra ◽  
Barn Owls ◽  
The One

Echoes and sounds of independent origin often obscure sounds of interest, but echoes can go undetected under natural listening conditions, a perception called the precedence effect. How does the auditory system distinguish between echoes and independent sources? To investigate, we presented two broadband noises to barn owls ( Tyto alba) while varying the similarity of the sounds' envelopes. The carriers of the noises were identical except for a 2- or 3-ms delay. Their onsets and offsets were also synchronized. In owls, sound localization is guided by neural activity on a topographic map of auditory space. When there are two sources concomitantly emitting sounds with overlapping amplitude spectra, space map neurons discharge when the stimulus in their receptive field is louder than the one outside it and when the averaged amplitudes of both sounds are rising. A model incorporating these features calculated the strengths of the two sources' representations on the map (B. S. Nelson and T. T. Takahashi; Neuron 67: 643–655, 2010). The target localized by the owls could be predicted from the model's output. The model also explained why the echo is not localized at short delays: when envelopes are similar, peaks in the leading sound mask corresponding peaks in the echo, weakening the echo's space map representation. When the envelopes are dissimilar, there are few or no corresponding peaks, and the owl localizes whichever source is predicted by the model to be less masked. Thus the precedence effect in the owl is a by-product of a mechanism for representing multiple sound sources on its map.

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