Method of adjusting length of duplex scale portion of piano strings

1998 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 1901
Author(s):  
Daniel T. Frankel
Keyword(s):  
Duplex Scale

A study of the mechanism of corrosion of some ferritic steels in high-pressure carbon dioxide with the aid of oxygen-18 as a tracer - III. Fe-9% Cr-1 % Mo-0.26 % Si

1989 ◽  
Vol 422 (1863) ◽  
pp. 279-288 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Charged Particle ◽  
Oxidation Mechanism ◽  
Ferritic Steels ◽  
Oxide Scales ◽  
Substantial Growth ◽  
Nuclear Techniques ◽  
Duplex Scale ◽  
Multilayered Scale

The oxidation mechanism of a commercial Fe-9% Cr steel in high-pressure (4.1 MPa) carbon dioxide at 913 K have been investigated with the aid of charged-particle nuclear techniques and 18 O as a tracer. Duplex and multilayered oxide‒scales were examined. Both types of scale grew at the oxide‒gas interface. Substantial growth occurred in the inner half of the inner layer on the specimen with the duplex scale; very little growth occurred within the inner layer of the multilayered scale. A possible oxidation sequence which could account for the 18 O distributions is proposed.

Development process of the grand piano duplex scale

2017 ◽  
Vol 142 (4) ◽  
pp. 2605-2605
Author(s):  
Niko Plath ◽  
Katharina Preller
Keyword(s):  
Development Process ◽  
Duplex Scale ◽  
Grand Piano

The kinetics of duplex scale formation on 18/8 type stainless steel

1982 ◽  
Vol 17 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 329-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Smith ◽  
M. O. Tucker ◽  
R. Hales
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Scale Formation ◽  
Duplex Scale ◽  
Type Stainless Steel ◽  
Kinetics Of

Void Formation at the Interface of the Duplex Scale Formed on Fe-5Cr Alloy at 773 K

2011 ◽  
Vol 696 ◽  
pp. 34-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsutoshi Ueda ◽  
Kenichi Kawamura ◽  
Toshio Maruyama
Keyword(s):  
Potential Distribution ◽  
Chemical Potential ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Void Formation ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Duplex Scale ◽  
Calculated Volume ◽  
Oxide Ion ◽  
Oxygen Chemical Potential ◽  
Good Agreement

Void formation in a duplex scale formed on Fe-5Cr alloy at 773 K has been elucidated by oxygen chemical potential distribution, the flux of oxide ion and its divergence. The calculation predicts that voids preferentially form at the interface between inner and outer scales in the low oxygen partial pressure in which the predominant defect of iron is interstitial ion. The flux of oxide ion changes discontinuously at this interface and the divergence of the flux gives voids. Calculated volume fraction of voids at this interface is in good agreement with that has been measured.

Oxidation Characteristics of Porous Nickel Low-Chromium Binary Alloys in Air at 1273K for 100 h

2018 ◽  
Vol 786 ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lamiaa Z. Mohamed ◽  
Wafaa A. Ghanem ◽  
Omayma A. El Kady ◽  
Mohamed. M. Lotfy ◽  
Hafiz A. Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Oxygen ◽  
Growth Mechanism ◽  
Oxidation Behavior ◽  
Binary Alloys ◽  
Porous Nickel ◽  
Metal Interface ◽  
Oxide Layers ◽  
Duplex Scale ◽  
Chromium Alloys ◽  
Oxidation Characteristics

The oxidation behavior of porous nickel low-chromium alloys containing up to 1 wt%Cr oxidized in air at 1273K for 100 h was investigated. Porous-duplex scale was formed on the 1 wt%Cr pellets while single oxide layers were obtained on the 0.25 and 0.5 wt%Cr pellets. Cavities were formed underneath the NiO scales and also between both layers formed on the oxidized 1 wt%Cr pellets. Accumulation of NiCr2O4was noticed at the oxide/ metal interface. The growth mechanism of the scales was explained on the basis of molecular oxygen inward migration.

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