The MPL sound velocimeter: An instrument for in situ sound velocity measurements in the deep ocean

1997 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 3119-3119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron D. Sweeney ◽  
Fred N. Spiess ◽  
Dwight E. Boegeman ◽  
David M. Jabson ◽  
Richard Zimmerman
Keyword(s):  
Sound Velocity ◽  
Deep Ocean ◽  
Velocity Measurements

scholarly journals Seawater Salinity Estimating Module Based on the Sound Velocity Measurements

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
А. P. Tolstosheev ◽  
E. G. Lunev ◽  
S. V. Motyzhev ◽  
V. Z. Dykman ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sound Velocity ◽  
Ocean Dynamics ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Temperature Measurements ◽  
Velocity Measurements ◽  
In Situ Tests ◽  
Salinity Field ◽  
In Situ Observations

Purpose. Reliability of knowledge about the ocean dynamics and climate variability is largely limited for lack of systematic in situ observations of the sea surface layer salinity, which is one of the basic hydrological parameters determining circulation and stratification of the water masses. The study is aimed at developing an autonomous device for long-term monitoring of salinity in the seawater upper layer. Methods and Results. One of the most effective tools for in situ observations of the ocean upper layer is the global network of surface drifting buoys – drifters. At present, the network consists of more than 1500 buoys, but only a few of them provide sea surface salinity observations within the framework of a limited number of pilot experiments. In the drifters, salinity is calculated by the traditional method using the results of the electrical conductivity and temperature measurements. There are a few problems related both to the principle of determining salinity by this method and to providing long-term stable running of conductivity sensors under the conditions of pollution and biological fouling. A drifter equipped with the module for the sound velocity and temperature measurements used for calculating salinity by an alternative method just aboard the drifter, was developed in Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences. The sound velocity and temperature module includes a specially designed time-of-flight sound velocity sensor with the fixed base and a quartz temperature sensor. In course of two years, numerous laboratory and in situ tests of several prototypes of the sound velocity and temperature module were performed. The laboratory tests showed that the repeatability limits for the results of the sound velocity measurements in the distilled water were 0.02 m/s. According to the data of the long-term in situ tests performed at intensive biological fouling, the error of salinity estimation resulted from of the sound velocity and temperature measurements were within 0.05 ‰. This result permits to expect that the sound velocity and temperature module parameters will remain stable in real conditions of long-term autonomous operation. Conclusions. The obtained results make it possible to recommend application of the drifters equipped with the modules for the sound velocity and temperature measurements as an effective tool for regular operational monitoring of the salinity field of the upper sea layer.

scholarly journals High-Pressure Sound Velocity Measurements of Liquids Using In Situ Ultrasonic Techniques in a Multianvil Apparatus

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhicheng Jing ◽  
Tony Yu ◽  
Man Xu ◽  
Julien Chantel ◽  
Yanbin Wang
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Sound Velocity ◽  
Velocity Measurements ◽  
Melting Temperatures ◽  
Technical Developments ◽  
Silicate Liquids ◽  
Ultrasonic Techniques ◽  
Photon Source

Sound velocity and equation of state of liquids provide important constraints on the generation, presence, and transport of silicate and metallic melts in the Earth’s interior. Unlike their solid counterparts, these properties of liquids pose great technical challenges to high-pressure measurements and are poorly constrained. Here we present the technical developments that have been made at the GSECARS beamline 13-ID-D of the Advanced Photon Source for the past several years for determination of sound velocity of liquids using the ultrasonic techniques in a 1000-ton Kawai-type multianvil apparatus. Temperature of the sound velocity measurements has been extended to ~2400 K at 4 GPa and ~2000 K at 8 GPa to enable studies of liquids with very high melting temperatures, such as the silicate liquids.

scholarly journals Seawater Salinity Estimating Module Based on the Sound Velocity Measurements

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Tolstosheev ◽  
E. G. Lunev ◽  
S. V. Motyzhev ◽  
V. Z. Dykman ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sound Velocity ◽  
Ocean Dynamics ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Temperature Measurements ◽  
Velocity Measurements ◽  
In Situ Tests ◽  
Salinity Field ◽  
In Situ Observations

Purpose. Reliability of knowledge about the ocean dynamics and climate variability is largely limited for lack of systematic in situ observations of the sea surface layer salinity, which is one of the basic hydrological parameters determining circulation and stratification of the water masses. The study is aimed at developing an autonomous device for long-term monitoring of salinity in the seawater upper layer. Methods and Results. One of the most effective tools for in situ observations of the ocean upper layer is the global network of surface drifting buoys – drifters. At present, the network consists of more than 1500 buoys, but only a few of them provide sea surface salinity observations within the framework of a limited number of pilot experiments. In the drifters, salinity is calculated by the traditional method using the results of the electrical conductivity and temperature measurements. There are a few problems related both to the principle of determining salinity by this method and to providing longterm stable running of conductivity sensors under the conditions of pollution and biological fouling. A drifter equipped with the module for the sound velocity and temperature measurements used for calculating salinity by an alternative method just aboard the drifter, was developed in Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences. The sound velocity and temperature module includes a specially designed time-of-flight sound velocity sensor with the fixed base and a quartz temperature sensor. In course of two years, numerous laboratory and in situ tests of several prototypes of the sound velocity and temperature module were performed. The laboratory tests showed that the repeatability limits for the results of the sound velocity measurements in the distilled water were ± 0.02 m/s. According to the data of the long-term in situ tests performed at intensive biological fouling, the error of salinity estimation resulted from of the sound velocity and temperature measurements were within ± 0.05 ‰. This result permits to expect that the sound velocity and temperature module parameters will remain stable in real conditions of long-term autonomous operation. Conclusions. The obtained results make it possible to recommend application of the drifters equipped with the modules for the sound velocity and temperature measurements as an effective tool for regular operational monitoring of the salinity field of the upper sea layer

scholarly journals Carbon-depleted outer core revealed by sound velocity measurements of liquid iron–carbon alloy

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoichi Nakajima ◽  
Saori Imada ◽  
Kei Hirose ◽  
Tetsuya Komabayashi ◽  
Haruka Ozawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sound Velocity ◽  
Liquid Iron ◽  
Outer Core ◽  
Velocity Measurements

Sound velocity measurements in liquid argon, oxygen and nitrogen

Physica ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 611-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Van Dael ◽  
A. Van Itterbeek ◽  
A. Cops ◽  
J. Thoen
Keyword(s):  
Sound Velocity ◽  
Liquid Argon ◽  
Velocity Measurements

Sound velocity measurements of hcp Fe-Si alloy at high pressure and high temperature by inelastic X-ray scattering

2018 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takanori Sakairi ◽  
Tatsuya Sakamaki ◽  
Eiji Ohtani ◽  
Hiroshi Fukui ◽  
Seiji Kamada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Sound Velocity ◽  
Velocity Measurements ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Ray Scattering

Sound Velocity Measurements in the Low and the High Field Phases of the Nuclear-Ordered bcc Solid 3He in Magnetic Fields

2008 ◽  
Vol 151 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 1113-1148
Author(s):  
Satoshi Sasaki ◽  
Atsuyoshi Nakayama ◽  
Yutaka Sasaki ◽  
Takao Mizusaki
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Sound Velocity ◽  
High Field ◽  
Velocity Measurements ◽  
Solid 3He
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